Anuzol

Anuzol is a combination drug that is used in medical practice to treat various diseases of the rectum. Its composition includes the following active ingredients:

1. Belladonna leaf extract (Atropinae sulfas): Belladonna contains atropine, which has the ability to reduce the secretion of glands, including in the rectum. It also has a muscle relaxant effect, helping to reduce muscle tone and cramps in the rectal area.
2. Bismuth tribromophenolate and bismuth oxide complex: These components are mainly used for their antiseptic and antibacterial properties. They help reduce inflammation and irritation of the rectal mucosa.
3. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Zinc sulfate has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to restore damaged tissue and speed up the healing process.

Together, these components provide a comprehensive effect aimed at reducing symptoms and improving the condition of various diseases of the rectum, such as hemorrhoids, proctitis, anal fissures and others. The drug is usually provided in the form of suppositories for rectal use.

Indications Anuzola

1. Hemorrhoids: Anuzol helps reduce inflammation, itching and pain associated with internal and external hemorrhoids.
2. Proctitis: This drug may be used to treat inflammation of the rectal mucosa characteristic of proctitis.
3. Anal fissures: Anusol may help relieve pain and reduce inflammation of anal fissures.
4. Proctosigmatitis: This drug can be used to treat inflammation in the rectum and sigmoid region.
5. Prophylaxis after rectal surgery: Anusole may be recommended to reduce the risk of infection and promote healing after rectal surgery.

Release form

Suppositories: The drug is supplied in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. This is a convenient form for the treatment of hemorrhoids and other diseases of the rectum.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Belladonna (Belladonna atropine) leaf extract: Belladonna contains alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which have an antispasmodic (relaxing) effect on intestinal smooth muscle. This helps reduce spasms and pain in diseases of the rectum and perineum.
2. Bismuth tribromophenolate and bismuth oxide complex: Bismuth oxide has an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect, and also creates a protective layer on the surface of the mucous membrane, which helps protect it and reduce irritation.
3. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Zinc has an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect, helps speed up the healing process of wounds and reduce swelling.

The general effect of "Anuzol" is aimed at mitigating the symptoms of diseases of the anorectal area, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis and other inflammatory diseases, including reducing pain, reducing swelling and healing damaged tissues.

Pharmacokinetics

• Belladonna Leaf Extract: Belladonna alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine, are generally poorly absorbed through the intestines, especially when applied topically. They may only have systemic effects at much higher doses or if inadvertently ingested.
• Bismuth Oxide and Bismuth Tribromophenolate Complex: Bismuth oxide, used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent, is also not usually absorbed into the blood in significant amounts when applied topically. Its use is limited to local action.
• Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate: Zinc, which has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action, may also be poorly absorbed from topical application. Its systemic absorption is usually limited.

Dosing and administration

Suppositories are inserted into the rectum after natural or artificial bowel movement. It is usually recommended to use 1 suppository 1-2 times a day, morning and evening, for 7-14 days. Dosage may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and response to treatment.

Use Anuzola during pregnancy

• Belladonna leaf extract:

  • Belladonna contains the alkaloids atropine and scopolamine, which can affect the central nervous system and smooth muscle. Research suggests that these substances can cross the placental barrier and cause systemic effects in the fetus. Due to potential toxicity, belladonna is not recommended for use during pregnancy (Qeios, 2020).

• Bismuth tribromophenolate and bismuth oxide complex:

  • Bismuth is used in medicine as an antibacterial and antiseptic agent. Research suggests that bismuth may be safe when used topically and in low doses, but there is limited data on its safety in pregnancy. The use of bismuth should be limited to avoid potential risks to the fetus.

• Zinc sulfate heptahydrate:

  • Zinc is essential for normal fetal development and is used to prevent congenital anomalies. Research suggests that adequate zinc intake during pregnancy may protect against intrauterine growth restriction and other complications (Chen et al., 2012). However, excess zinc intake can also be harmful.

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance to the components of the drug: People with a known allergy to one or more components of Anuzole should avoid its use.
• Liver disease: This medicine contains bismuth compounds and its use may be contraindicated in patients with liver disease or impaired liver function.
• Kidney disease: Patients with kidney disease or impaired kidney function should use Anuzol with caution, as bismuth compounds may have a negative effect on the kidneys.
• Acute gastric or duodenal ulcer: The use of Anuzole may be contraindicated in patients with acute gastric or duodenal ulcers due to the possibility of mucosal irritation.
• Heart disease: The use of the drug may be limited in patients with heart failure, arrhythmia or other cardiovascular diseases due to the possible negative effects of belladonna alkaloids.
• Eye diseases: The use of Anuzole may be contraindicated in patients with glaucoma due to a possible increase in intraocular pressure.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of Anuzole during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be agreed with a doctor, since the safety of its use in these cases has not been established.

Side effects Anuzola

• Dry mouth: This is one of the most common side effects caused by the anti-salivation alkaloids of belladonna.
• Gastrointestinal disorders: May include nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea.
• Allergic reactions: Include skin rash, itching, hives.
• Increased heart rate: Belladonna can cause increased heart rate and arrhythmias in some patients.
• Increased Intraocular pressure: This may be a problem in patients with glaucoma.
• Urinary problems: More rarely, difficulty urinating or retention of urine may occur.
• Smooth muscle spasms: Spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestine may occur, causing intestinal colic.
• Drowsiness or dizziness: These effects may occur in some patients, especially when the recommended dose is exceeded.
• Fever: This may be due to the stimulating effect of the belladonna alkaloids.
• Vision disturbances: In rare cases, dilation of the pupils and changes in visual acuity may occur.

Overdose

An overdose of Anuzole can lead to increased side effects listed above, such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disorders, increased cardiac activity, allergic reactions and others.

Interactions with other drugs

• Antiseptics: Using Anuzol simultaneously with other drugs containing antiseptics for the treatment of diseases of the anorectal area may enhance the effect or lead to unwanted side reactions. Before simultaneous use, consult a physician.
• Drugs affecting the central nervous system: Because Anuzol may cause drowsiness or dizziness, concomitant use with other drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS), such as hypnotics, sedatives or analgesics, may enhance these effects.
• Antifungal drugs: Some antifungal drugs may interact with the components of Anuzole, especially if used systemically. This may affect their effectiveness or increase side effects.
• Antiallergic drugs: The use of Anuzole simultaneously with antiallergic drugs may increase sedation and other unwanted reactions.
• Drugs that increase bleeding: Using Anuzole with drugs that may increase bleeding or reduce blood clotting, such as aspirin or anticoagulants, may increase the risk of bleeding or other complications.