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Antibiotics for purulent sore throat
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Antibiotics for purulent angina should be prescribed by a doctor, preferably after a preliminary examination and testing for sensitivity to the drug.
With purulent angina, which is due to the activity of group A streptococcus, penicillin or derivatives of the drug are usually prescribed. They are usually taken orally for ten days. In bacterial sore throat injection penicillin is used once, other derivatives of the drug (augmentin, azithromycin, ampicillin) can also be prescribed for purulent sore throat.
To synthetic derivatives of penicillin is Amoxicillin, which does not kill bacteria, but stops their development. The drug prevents the creation of walls that are necessary for the life of bacteria.
Cephalosporins have similar chemical constituents with penicillin.
This antibacterial group includes cephalexin, which does not form a cell wall, which results in the death of bacteria.
When allergic to penicillin is appointed erythromycin or tetracycline, which belong to macrolides.
Erythromycin disastically affects a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, has a penicillin-like effect.
Tetracycline destroys protein synthesis and prevents bacteria from producing protein. The drug is a universal drug and is prescribed for allergy to penicillin for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial diseases.
Indications for the use of antibiotics for purulent angina
Antibiotics for purulent sore throat are prescribed for almost any form of angina (with the exception of ulcerative necrotic tonsillitis, which occurs in mild form, without fever, and affects ulcerative necrotic plaque more often than one tonsil). Treatment of purulent sore throat requires an integrated approach, preferably under the supervision of a physician, which will prevent possible complications.
Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics for purulent angina
Antibiotics for purulent angina penicillin series are natural and semi-synthetic. Natural penicillins have a narrow spectrum of action and affect cocci and Gram-positive microorganisms. Antibiotics destroy bacteria, have a low toxic effect. However, penicillin antibiotics are strong allergens.
Semisynthetic penicillins are active against gram-positive cocci, which have developed activity for natural penicillins, often they are prescribed for allergies to natural penicillins.
Antibacterial preparations of the macrolide series disrupt the synthesis of bacterial proteins. Preparations from this group suppress the reproduction of pathogenic flora, and also penetrate into the cells infected by bacteria. Macrolides are active against chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, cocci, anthrax, pale treponema, etc.
Among the antibiotics of the cephalosporin group, four generations are isolated, the first three of which are intended for oral administration and injection. Preparations from this group have low toxicity and high therapeutic effect. Cephalosporin antibiotics are prescribed most often.
Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics for purulent angina
Antibiotics for purulent angina from the penicillin group are rapidly excreted from the body (from 30 to 60 minutes), so these drugs need to be administered quite often, especially in severe cases (every 4-6 hours).
Penicillins are well absorbed in both oral and injection injections. High concentrations of the drug are observed in the kidneys, liver, lungs, muscle and bone tissue.
The effectiveness of injections is 3-4 times higher than that of oral drugs of this group.
The half-life period is from 30 to 60 minutes, the drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys.
Absorption of antibacterial drugs macrolide group depends on several factors: food intake, form (injection, tablet), the type of drug. Food intake reduces several times the bioavailability of erythromycin, has an effect on the bioavailability of josamycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin.
The highest concentrations in the serum are observed in roxithromycin, the lowest in azithromycin.
Macrolide antibiotics bind to different degrees of blood proteins (maximally binds roksitromitsin, least of all - spiramycin). When distributed in the body in tissues and organs, different concentrations of the substance are observed.
Macrolides create high concentrations within the cell.
The blood-brain barrier macrolides overcomes badly, can penetrate the placenta, as well as into breast milk.
Metabolism occurs in the liver, excretion occurs with bile. In the decay of clarithromycin, a metabolite with an antimicrobial effect is formed.
Half-life time is from 60 minutes to 55 hours.
Parameters of elimination half-life in renal failure do not change (except for roxithromycin and clarithromycin).
Cirrhosis of the liver can significantly increase the half-life of josamycin and erythromycin.
Cephalosporins for oral administration are well absorbed in the digestive system. Bioavailability in the body depends on the drug (from 40% to 95%).
Eating can affect the absorption of antibiotics such as cefixime, ceftibutene, cefaclor.
Intramuscular injections also penetrate well into the body. Distribution is observed in almost all organs and tissues. The highest concentrations are observed in muscles, liver, kidneys, etc., as well as in pleural, peritoneal, and other fluids.
Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone maximally accumulate in the bile.
Preparations of this group penetrate into the liquid inside the eye (especially ceftazidime, cefuroxime), however, there is no level for therapeutic treatment in the posterior chamber of the eye.
Cephalosporins, especially the third generation, penetrate the blood-brain barrier and create the concentration necessary for therapeutic action in cerebrospinal fluid.
Most of the cephalosporin antibiotics are not metabolized (with the exception of cefotaxime).
Excretion occurs with urine, sometimes in fairly high concentrations.
Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone are excreted by the liver and kidneys.
The half-life of the main part of cephalosporin drugs varies from 60 to 120 minutes.
Longer are excreted cefaxim, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone (up to 9 hours), due to which they can be applied once a day.
With renal failure, dose adjustment is required (with the exception of cefepesarone and ceftriaxone).
What antibiotics for purulent sore throat?
Antibiotics for purulent angina as the main treatment. Antibacterial drugs can be given in the form of tablets or in the form of injections (in severe conditions).
Most often, the causative agent of angina is streptococcus, which is susceptible to penicillins. Doctors usually with purulent sore throat appoint ampicillin or amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin in most cases is well tolerated, excretion from the body occurs slowly enough, so the drug is taken 2-3 times a day, which significantly distinguishes it from other penicillins.
Also appointed ampiox, oxacillin, phenoxymetenicillin, etc.
Dosage is calculated depending on the weight, age of the patient, severity of the condition and possible complications.
When allergic to penicillin, the doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs from the macrolide or cephalosporin group.
Among macrolides, spiramycin, sumamed, midecamycin, roxithromycin are most commonly prescribed.
From cephalosporins with purulent sore throat show a good efficacy of cefuroxime, cephalexin. When developing complications, use meropenem or imipenem, which are harmful to most pathogenic microorganisms.
With purulent sore throat, a preparation for topical treatment - bioparox, which contains fizafungin can also be prescribed. The drug is available in the form of a spray, which treats the sore throat. Bioparcos also has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Bioparox is prescribed as part of complex therapy with systemic antibiotics.
The drug is not absorbed into the bloodstream, due to which it is used by pregnant and lactating women.
Antibiotic for children with purulent sore throat
Antibiotics for purulent angina in children are prescribed at high temperature¸ (more than 380С), which does not go down for several days, if there is a plaque or pustules on tonsils, an increase in the lymph nodes on the neck.
Just like in adults, children can be prescribed antibacterial drugs penicillin, cephalosporin or macrolide group.
Streptococcus is the most frequent agent of purulent sore throat, therefore, specialists usually prescribe antibiotics from a number of penicillins - eco-lacquer, amoxiclav, amoxicillin, flemoxin, augmentin. With the available allergic reactions to penicillin macrolides - azithrox, sumamed, macropen, chemomycin are used.
Cephalosporin antibiotics are used only when drugs from the penicillin and macrolide group have not shown the proper effect.
Usually children are assigned cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefurus, auxetine, suprax, panceph.
Antibiotic therapy lasts from 7 to 10 days (except for sumamed, which is taken for a maximum of 5 days).
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Dosing and Administration
Antibiotics for purulent sore throat can be prescribed by a doctor in any form: pills, intravenous or intramuscular injections. The dosage of antibiotics of the penicillin series is determined by the doctor, taking into account various factors: the patient's condition, usually taking the drug every 4-6 hours.
The most effective is intramuscular injection.
The method of taking and dosage of macrolides depends on the preparation and the condition of the patient. Tablets are prescribed before meals, or regardless of meals 1-2 times a day, antibiotic injections are prescribed once a day. Duration of treatment is 3-7 days.
Cephalosporin drugs in the form of tablets are prescribed every 6-12 hours.
Injections are prescribed 2-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.
Use of antibiotics for purulent angina during pregnancy
Antibiotics for purulent angina penicillin series during pregnancy are considered relatively safe. At early periods, amoxicillin, amoxiclav, can be treated, but antibiotics are administered to pregnant women only if absolutely necessary. Usually with purulent angina pregnant women at any time appointed antibacterial preparation of local effects (bioparox).
Clarithromycin, from the group of macrolide antibiotics, adversely affects the fetus, so this drug is not prescribed to pregnant women.
The safety of roxithromycin and midekamycin during pregnancy is not proven, so the use of these drugs is undesirable.
Erythromycin, josamycin, spiramycin are prescribed to pregnant women, since no adverse effects on the fetus have been identified.
Azithromycin is prescribed to pregnant women only when absolutely necessary.
Antibacterial preparations of the cephalosporin series are used in pregnancy with almost no restrictions, however, no studies have been conducted regarding the safety of use of such drugs.
Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for purulent sore throat
Antibiotics for purulent angina penicillin series are contraindicated in allergic reactions in the past to penicillin, bronchial asthma, hay fever, hives and other diseases of an allergic nature.
Antibacterial drugs of the macrolide group are not used for allergies to this type of antibiotic.
During pregnancy, midekamycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin are not prescribed.
Breast-feeding women are not prescribed josamycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, roxithromycin, spiramycin.
Cephalosporins are not prescribed for allergic reactions to this type of antibiotic.
Side effects of antibiotics for purulent sore throat
Antibiotics for purulent angina penicillin series have low toxicity. Their use can provoke allergic reactions, skin rashes, anaphylactic shock, nausea, mucosal inflammation, stool disorder, tongue inflammation, mucous membranes, skin or internal organs damage by Candida fungi. In high dosages, the drug causes a state of delirium, convulsions.
Macrolide group of antibiotics is considered the most safe form of drugs, adverse reactions are extremely rare.
In some cases, vomiting, nausea, upset of the stool (usually after erythromycin), an increase in hepatic transaminase activity, cholestasis (a kind of chronic hepatitis), headaches, dizziness (with intravenous administration of large doses of clarithromycin or erythromycin may impair hearing), changes in heart rate . In addition, local reactions are possible: inflammation of the veins (possibly a thrombus).
Cephalosporin antibiotics in rare cases can provoke various reactions of an allergic nature (rash, itching, bronchospasm, Quincke's edema, etc.), anaphylactic shock, changes in blood composition (increase or increase in platelets, leukocytes, hemoglobin, etc.).
Cefoperazone can cause blood clotting and related bleeding.
Cephalosporins can cause seizures (at high dosages with renal failure), an increase in hepatic transaminase activity, stasis or a decrease in bile secretion, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea with blood impurities, candidiasis of mucous membranes, and local reactions (tenderness or puffiness in place injection, inflammation of the walls of the vein, etc.).
Overdose
Antibiotics for purulent angina penicillin series in an overdose, as a rule, do not pose a threat to the health and life of the patient. Symptoms of overdose: vomiting, diarrhea. With renal insufficiency, high doses of potassium salt can provoke an increase in serum potassium levels.
With the introduction of intramuscular injections in elevated doses (more than 50 million units), an epileptic fit is possible.
When an overdose of drugs from the group of macrolides and the appearance of characteristic symptoms (dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), an urgent gastric lavage is required.
When the drug is administered intramuscularly (intravenously), artificial blood purification is ineffective.
An overdose of cephalosporins can provoke an increased excitability of the brain and convulsions. Artificial blood purification, as a rule, helps to reduce the level of active substance in the blood serum.
Shelf life
Antibiotics for purulent angina are suitable for an average of three years from the date of manufacture, which is usually indicated on the package. Antibiotics can not be used if the storage conditions are violated or after the expiration date.
The best antibiotic for purulent sore throat
As practice shows, the best antibiotics for purulent angina from the penicillin series. Typically, doctors prefer augmentinu or amoxicillin.
In the case of an allergy to penicillin, preparations of the macrolide group are prescribed.
In the last place, if treatment with the two previous groups of drugs did not bring the expected effect, cephalosporins are prescribed.
Antibiotics for purulent angina are the main method of treating the disease, which will help to quickly cope with the infection and prevent possible complications. The most frequent pathogens of strep throat - streptococci and staphylococcus, with improper treatment can lead to serious complications, in particular the development of rheumatism (especially in childhood).
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Antibiotics for purulent sore throat" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.