Antibiotics after tooth extraction

Antibiotics after tooth extraction are necessary in order to minimize painful sensations and prevent inflammation. Let's consider the indications for taking antibiotics and the features of their use.

Antibiotics after tooth extraction take on the appointment of a dentist. As antibiotics, tablets, rinsing solutions, drops, injections and ointments are used. Use antibiotics only in extreme cases. As a rule, when due to tooth extraction, an inflammatory process started in the oral cavity, which caused suppuration, flux formation or inflammation of the gums. Antibiotics can also be prescribed if the operation to remove the tooth was rather complicated and caused bone or periodontal disorders. Antibiotics are necessary if, after tooth extraction, the patient experiences severe bleeding from the socket.

Before appointing antibiotics, the dentist assesses the condition of the oral cavity, the general condition of the body and the features of the operation to remove the tooth. If the patient has a weak immune system, the removal of the tooth can lead to an exacerbation of chronic diseases. In this case, in addition to antibiotics, the dentist appoints immunomodulators, and vitamin complexes to maintain a healthy body. If the teeth are removed because of their incorrect growth or in the case of preparations for prosthetics, antibiotics are not prescribed, since the removal is without complications.

In addition to antibiotics that are prescribed to patients after tooth extraction, before the operation the dentist makes an injection that promotes an increase in the concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which significantly reduces the risks of inflammation and infection during the removal and during the recovery period. In any case, before prescribing antibiotics after tooth extraction, the dentist will consult with the patient. The doctor learns about the presence of allergic reactions to certain drugs and gives recommendations on the intake of antibiotics (dosage, time and duration of admission). But without serious evidence, antibiotics are not prescribed, as they can provoke various side reactions that will complicate the healing process.

[1], [2]

Indications for antibiotics after tooth extraction

Indications for antibiotics after tooth extraction are based on the complexity of the operation and possible complications. Antibiotics are appointed differentially, the dentist takes into account contraindications and indications for their use. The main indications for the use of antibiotics after tooth extraction:

• Wisdom tooth extraction.
• Carrying out complex operations to remove teeth.
• Incorrect growth of the teeth, which provokes complications during the operation.
• Inflammatory process and chronic dental diseases.
• Bleeding during tooth extraction.
• Antibacterial therapy.
• Weakened immune system of the patient (most often antibiotics are prescribed for elderly patients, people with serious diseases of the blood system and diabetes mellitus).
• With the likelihood of developing infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.
• When infection and infection of the gums, which can lead to the appearance of flux.
• If during the removal of the tooth, the integrity of bone tissue or periodontal tissue was compromised.
• Antibiotics are prescribed to accelerate the healing process of the well.

When prescribing antibiotics, the dentist informs the patient about the features of taking medications and possible side effects. But to date, modern dentistry offers an alternative solution for taking antibiotics. Before the operation to remove the tooth, the patient is injected with a highly concentrated antibiotic, which replaces the complete course of taking the drugs. The injection reduces the risk of complications during surgery and the occurrence of inflammation and disease due to tooth extraction.

Form of issue

The form of release of antibiotics, which are prescribed for use after tooth extraction, depends entirely on the condition of the oral cavity after the operation. In case of serious complications, the patient may be prescribed a course of injections, which are injected into the gums by the dentist.

In addition to injections, antibiotics can be in the form of ointments, drops or tablets. The most commonly prescribed tablets, because they are very simple to take. Antibiotics in the form of release - ointment or gel are prescribed for anesthetizing the gums and tooth socket, the same action applies to the drops.

[3], [4]

Antibiotics after removal of a tooth of wisdom

Antibiotics after removal of a tooth of wisdom are appointed practically to all patients, since the operation is rather complicated and causes a number of painful symptoms. A tooth of wisdom can grow improperly or cause inflammation in the gum. Therefore, when the wisdom tooth is removed, the antibiotic is inserted before the operation and is assigned after removal. Let's look at the reasons why antibiotics are prescribed after the removal of the wisdom tooth.

• Antibiotics prescribe at a high probability of occurrence of abscesses in a gum or formation of a flux.
• Antibiotic drugs are also needed if the surgery for removal was accompanied by complications, bleeding or the integrity of the gums.
• Drugs can be prescribed based on the general condition of the patient. So, taking antibiotics is mandatory for patients with a weak immune system or in the presence of chronic diseases that can worsen after the removal of the wisdom tooth.

[7], [8]

Names of antibiotics after tooth extraction

The names of antibiotics after tooth extraction help to orient among the whole variety of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Let's look at the most popular antibiotics that are prescribed after tooth extraction.

• Flemoxin is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Helps cope with the inflammatory process, prevents the appearance of temperature, is prescribed only by a doctor.
• Cifran  - is appointed after tooth extraction, at presence of accompanying stomatologic diseases, for the prevention of their distribution.
• Lincomycin is a popular antibiotic that is prescribed to treat many dental problems. The drug is not allowed to be taken with kidney or liver diseases. It is not recommended to use during lactation and pregnancy.
• Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum preparation, it removes inflammation and prevents the development of infectious diseases. Suitable for admission to both pregnant women and children.
• Amoxiclav is a combined antibiotic. It is approved for use by patients of all ages.

Other drugs that are used after tooth extraction:

• Rotokan - has anti-inflammatory effect, has spasmolytic and hemostatic properties. Positively affects the process of tissue regeneration.
• Burana 400 - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has analgesic effect, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Xefokam - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. The drug is prohibited in pregnancy and respiratory diseases.
• Nurofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects.
• Naise - prevents the emergence of infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, relieves pain syndrome.
• Diclofenac - refers to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is used only on purpose and under medical supervision.
• Ketanov - a strong drug with analgesic effect. Has a number of contraindications: pregnancy, the age of the patient under 16, individual intolerance of the active components of the drug and other. It is only released on prescription. 

Dosing and Administration

The method of administration and dose of antibiotics is prescribed by the dentist. Dosage depends on complications after tooth extraction. But in any case, the dentist chooses the optimal dosage, in order not to cause various side effects and symptoms of an overdose.

So for children, pregnant women and women who are breast-fed, use the minimum dosage. If the antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action, then it is used one to three times a day, this also applies to antibiotics that act locally. The dosage of any antibiotic depends on the action of the active substances that make up its composition.

[9], [10], [11]

Use of antibiotics after tooth extraction during pregnancy

The use of antibiotics after tooth extraction during pregnancy is not desirable and is carried out only by the appointment of a dentist. Antibiotic is not desirable for use because it can have a side effect on the course of pregnancy or harm the future child. In addition, because of the hormonal changes in the body during pregnancy, it is very difficult to calculate the dosage that is suitable for a woman and will have the proper therapeutic effect.

The use of antibiotics after tooth extraction during pregnancy directly depends on the period of pregnancy. So, in the early stages of the placenta is thick, which limits the effect of the drug on the baby, but at a later date the placenta decreases, which facilitates easy permeability of the drugs. When prescribing antibiotics after tooth extraction in pregnant women, dentists prefer antibiotics such as: Ubistezin, Ultracaine, Lidocaine. Strictly forbidden to take antibiotics tetracycline group and fluoroquinolones. Sulfonamides and aminoglycosides are administered with extreme caution. In any case, before using antibiotics it is recommended to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics after tooth extraction

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics after tooth extraction depend on the type of antibiotic used and the individual characteristics of the course of the disease and the patient's body. So, most antibiotics that are prescribed for the treatment of dental diseases are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation, for children, and in the event that the extraction of the tooth has gone without complications.

When appointing antibiotics, the dentist will know from the patient about the presence of an allergic reaction to the prescribed drugs and the presence of diseases. Many antibiotics after tooth extraction with caution are prescribed for patients with renal insufficiency, liver diseases, diabetes, arterial hyperplasia and so on. That is why, before taking any antibiotic, you need to read the instructions for its use to make sure that it is safe for your body.

[5], [6]

Side effects of antibiotics after tooth extraction

Side effects of antibiotics after tooth extraction occur if the dosage of the drug has been incorrectly administered or the rules for its administration have been violated. After taking part of the drug is absorbed by the intestine, which is why antibiotics are recommended before meals, in order not to reduce the effectiveness of their action. The antibiotic spreads through the tissues of the body, is metabolized in the liver and is excreted unchanged with bile or with feces and urine.

With prolonged use of antibiotics after tooth extraction, patients may experience the following side effects:

• Nausea, vomiting. 
• Stomach upset, diarrhea. 
• Inflammation of the oral mucosa. 
• Allergic rash on the body and face. 
• Bleeding in the mouth. 
• Disorders of the liver and kidneys. 
• Decreased immune system.

To avoid side effects from taking antibiotics after tooth extraction, medications should be taken only on the advice of a dentist, observing the dosage and time of admission.

Overdose

An overdose of antibiotics that are prescribed after removal of the tooth may occur due to non-compliance with the dosage of the drug, prolonged use or individual intolerance of the drug. The main symptoms of an overdose: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, exacerbation of kidney and liver diseases.

When the first symptoms of an overdose appear, discontinue use of the drug and seek medical help. The dentist will prescribe other drugs and help get rid of the symptoms.

Interactions with other drugs

Interaction of antibiotics after tooth extraction with other drugs is possible only after the permission of the dentist. The doctor diagnoses the condition of the patient after tooth extraction and, for more effective treatment, can prescribe a number of antibiotics for simultaneous administration.

The interaction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors with tricyclics has a hypertensive effect, that is, it raises blood pressure. Therefore, these drugs are not prescribed for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system and high blood pressure. But the use of antibiotics after tooth extraction with beta-adrenoblockers increases the risk of bradycardia and the development of hypertensive crisis.

Pharmacodynamics Ubistesin

Pharmacodynamics Ubistezin is a complex of actions and reactions that the preparation renders to the body after administration. First of all, it is worth knowing that Ubistezin is a solution used in dentistry for submucosal injections. Ubistezin refers to combination drugs that are used for local anesthesia. The main active substance of the drug is articaine (an anesthetic of the amide type). The drug is characterized by a rapid onset of anesthesia and an effective analgesic effect. In addition, the preparation does not complicate the healing of wounds and restores blood circulation at the site of the removed tooth. The action of Ubistizin comes in 2-5 minutes after application and lasts about 75-90 minutes.

The drug is prescribed for surgical interventions (tooth extraction, gum cutting, etc.) to limit blood flow and anesthesia. The drug is not recommended for use during dental operations in pregnant women and children. As for contraindications to the use of the drug, they are associated with an individual intolerance to the active substance Ubestesin.

Pharmacokinetics of ubistezine

Pharmacokinetics Ubistezin is the process of absorption, distribution and excretion of the drug. So, the maximum concentration of the drug is observed in 10-20 minutes after administration, and the half-life occurs in 30 minutes. Binding to blood proteins is kept at 95%. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. Anesthetic effect of the drug comes after 2-3 minutes after application.

Ubistezin is prescribed for the conductive anesthesia of tissues in the maxillofacial area. The drug is used as a remedy with analgesic effect in the removal of teeth, filling, prosthetics, various surgical interventions in the gum area and mucous membrane.

Storage conditions

The storage conditions for antibiotics after tooth extraction must comply with the requirements specified in the drug's instructions. So, any antibiotics should be stored in a dark, inaccessible place for children. Injections of preparations should be stored in the refrigerator, observing the temperature regime and protecting from direct sunlight.

Failure to comply with the rules of storage of the drug may lead to the fact that the antibiotic will lose its physico-chemical properties. If the storage conditions of the drug are not respected, the patient may experience side effects and other adverse symptoms.

Shelf life

The expiration date of antibiotics after tooth extraction is indicated on the package of the preparation. After the expiration date, the drug is prohibited to use and must be disposed of. So, taking antibiotics after the expiry date may lead to side effects and unforeseen reactions of the body.

Antibiotics after tooth extraction help to cope with pain, prevent inflammation and other complications. Taking antibiotics, you must fully comply with the prescription of the doctor - dosage and time of admission, as this is a guarantee of effective treatment.