The transverse muscle of the abdomen (m. Transversus abdominis) forms the deepest, third layer in the lateral parts of the abdominal wall. The bunches of the transverse abdominal muscle are arranged horizontally, passing forward and medially.
The internal oblique abdominal muscle (m. Obhquus internus abdominis) is located inside of the outer oblique abdominal muscle, forming the second layer of abdominal wall muscles. The muscle begins on the intermediate line of the iliac crest, the lumbosacral fascia and the lateral half of the inguinal ligament.
The external oblique abdominal muscle (m. Obliquus extemus abdominis) is the most superficial and extensive of the abdominal muscles. It begins with large teeth on the outer surface of the eight lower ribs. The upper five muscle teeth enter between the teeth of the anterior dentate muscle, and the lower three - between the teeth of the latissimus muscle of the back.
The anterior and lateral walls of the abdominal cavity are formed by three pairs of broad abdominal muscles, their tendon stretches and rectus abdominal muscles with their fascia.
Diaphragm (diaphragma, sm phrenicus) - a movable muscular-tendon septum between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The diaphragm has a domed shape, due to the position of the internal organs and the difference in pressure in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The convex side of the diaphragm is directed into the thoracic cavity, concave - down, into the abdominal cavity.
The transverse muscle of the breast (m. Transversus thoracis) is located on the posterior (inner) surface of the anterior thoracic wall. This muscle begins on the xiphoid process, the lower half of the sternum.
Subcostal muscles (mm. Subcostales) are formed by muscle and tendon bundles in the lower part of the posterior part of the inner surface of the chest wall.
Internal intercostal muscles (mm. Intercostales interni) are located inward from the external intercostal muscles. They occupy the intercostal spaces, starting from the edge of the sternum (at the true ribs) and the anterior ends of the cartilages of the false ribs and to the corners of the ribs from the rear, where the inner intercostal membrane (membrane intercostalis interna) serves as a continuation.
The outer intercostal muscles (mm., Intercostales externi) in the number 11 on each side begin at the lower edge of the overlying rib, outside of its furrow, and, going down and forwards, attach to the upper edge of the underlying rib.
The anterior serrate muscle (m. Serratus anterior) is broad, quadrangular in shape, is attached to the thorax from the side, forms the medial wall of the axillary cavity. It begins with large teeth on the upper eight or nine ribs and is attached to the medial margin and the lower corner of the scapula.
