5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE"

5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is an effective drug used to treat cancer of the stomach, mammary gland and other organs. 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is used as both the main and auxiliary drug during chemotherapy. Let's consider the main characteristics of this drug, indications for use, contraindications, side effects and conditions of use.

Indications 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE"

Let's consider the main indications for the use of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE". The drug is used to treat breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cancer of all parts of the intestine, including the colon, and also to treat malignant tumors. The drug can be used as a mototherapy or combined with a number of other antineoplastic drugs. 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is used to treat cancer of the head, pancreas, oral cavity (lips, tongue, larynx), neck cancer

Treatment with this drug should be carried out under the supervision and control of a qualified oncologist who has extensive experience in the use of powerful antimetabolites. Please note that the drug cannot be purchased at a pharmacy on your own. The drug is prescribed by a doctor and can only be used in a hospital setting.

During adequate treatment with fluorouracils, many patients develop leukopenia. That is, the level of leukocytes in the blood can reach zero. If this indicator is not monitored, the patient may die. To prevent this, patients are prescribed a course of immunostimulants that increase the level of leukocytes in the blood and improve the protective properties of the immune system. As a rule, the minimum value of leukocytes is observed between the first and second weeks of using the drug in the first course of treatment. When using immunostimulants, leukocytes are restored at least on the thirtieth day of treatment.

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Release form

Release form 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is a concentrate, which is used as a solution for the preparation of infusions. The main forms of release of the drug:

• 5 ml (250 mg), in ampoules of 5 ml
• 10 ml (500 mg), in ampoules of 5 ml
• 20 ml (1000 mg), in ampoules of 20 ml

That is, one ampoule of the drug may contain 250 mg, 500 mg or 1000 mg of the active substance - fluorouracil. The composition of the drug also includes excipients such as: water for injection and sodium hydroxide. The pharmacotherapeutic group of the drug is antineoplastic agents, pyrimidine analogues, antimetabolites.

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Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" represents the drug as an effective antitumor agent, antimetabolite group. The drug is considered an analogue of pyrimidine, therefore it disrupts DNA synthesis and provokes inhibition of cell division. The antitumor effect of the drug begins to manifest itself after enzymatic transformation of the drug.

Despite the high effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of cancer, the drug should be discontinued at the first signs of ulcers or stomatitis of the oral cavity, as well as in case of severe diarrhea, the appearance of ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, bleeding and hemorrhages of any localization.

5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" has a narrow safety corridor. This shows a small difference between toxic and therapeutic doses of the drug. It is very difficult to achieve the necessary therapeutic effect without toxic action. All this suggests that the dose of the drug should be carefully selected by an oncologist, individually for each patient.

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Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" allows you to find out all the necessary information about the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. Let's consider the main categories of pharmacokinetics of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE"

• Absorption - when using the drug, increased intravariability rates are observed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is metabolized in the liver. Please note that when using the drug, intra-arterial and intravenous administration is allowed. Bioavailability of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is at the level of 0-80%
• Distribution – the drug spreads quickly throughout the body. It enters proliferating tissues most quickly, i.e. bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa and neoplasms. The drug penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers. On average, the drug distribution volume is 0.12 l per kg of the patient's body weight, and binding to blood plasma proteins is about 10%.
• Metabolism or biotransformation – the metabolism of the drug produces non-toxic compounds such as urea and carbohydrate dioxide.
• Elimination of the drug – the drug is eliminated from the blood plasma in 10-30 minutes, the time depends on the dose of fluorouracil. After three hours, the drug is no longer detected in the blood plasma. The main elimination of the drug is through the lungs. The drug is excreted as carbon dioxide.

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Dosing and administration

The method of administration and dosage of the drug are prescribed by the attending oncologist. An individual dose is selected for each patient, which depends on the disease. Thus, for some diseases, the drug is used as monotherapy, and for others, the drug is part of a treatment complex. As a rule, treatment with the drug begins with a small dose in order to check the body's reaction to the drug. Treatment with the drug is carried out only in a hospital setting. The daily dose of fluorouracil should not exceed 1 g.

For adult patients, the dose of the drug is prescribed per 1 kg of weight. For patients with edema and excess weight, the dose of the drug is determined for each kilogram of ideal body weight. 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is administered through intravenous infections, intra-arterial infusions or long-term infusions.

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Use 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" during pregnancy

The use of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" during pregnancy is contraindicated. The effects of monotherapy of the drug during pregnancy have not been studied at a sufficient level. But it can be noted that treatment with 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" in combination with other drugs can cause the birth of a baby with significant developmental defects. The use of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy is especially dangerous.

Studies of the drug, which were conducted on animals, showed that 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" adversely affects fertility, is a teratogenic and fetotoxic agent. If the use of the drug during pregnancy is necessary, then it is necessary to make a choice between the effect of treatment and side effects that have a negative impact on the development of the baby and create a potential risk to pregnancy.

The drug is not recommended for use during lactation, as fluorouracil is excreted in breast milk. Therefore, during breastfeeding, the use of the drug should be discontinued.

Contraindications

Each drug has its own characteristics, which in one way or another, but still affect the human body. Let's consider contraindications to the use of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE".

• Hypersensitivity to the drug.
• Bleeding.
• Severe diarrhea.
• Suppression of brain functions (relevant for patients undergoing radiation therapy).
• Deviations in the number of formed elements in the blood.
• Impaired kidney and liver function.
• Infectious diseases.
• Exhaustion of the body.
• Stomatitis, ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity.

Particular caution should be exercised when using this drug in patients who are in a high-risk group. This group includes patients who receive high doses of the drug during radiation therapy to the pelvic area. As well as patients who have undergone gyrophysectomy or adrenalectomy.

Side effects 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE"

The side effects of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" depend on the reactions that occur in the body when using this drug. Let's look at the main side effects of the drug:

• Fever.
• If the dosage of the drug is not observed, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia may occur.
• Anemia.
• Agranulocytosis.
• Suppression of bone marrow functions.
• Suppression of the immune system.
• Various types of allergic reactions.
• Metabolic disorders of the body.
• Reversible cerebral syndrome.
• Confusion, cortical and motor disorders.
• Drowsiness.
• Ophthalmic disorders.
• Ischemic heart disease.
• Left ventricular dysfunction
• Myocardial infarction.
• Vascular disorders.
• Stomatitis, pharyngitis, proctitis.
• Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea.
• Reversible alopecia.

Please note that side effects and reactions of the body to the drug depend entirely on the dose of the drug and the period of use.

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Overdose

Overdose of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" has a number of negative consequences for the body. Let's consider the most common reactions of the body to an overdose of the drug.

• Increased drowsiness.
• Acute psychotic reactions.
• Ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Diarrhea.
• Suppression of bone marrow functions.

The body's reactions to overdose depend on the dose of the drug and the period of administration. As a rule, after prolonged use of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE", minor side effects begin to appear, and over time, symptoms of overdose.

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Interactions with other drugs

The interaction of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" with other drugs depends on the disease and drugs that are included in the complex treatment. Thus, in medical practice, combined therapy with fluorouracil in combination with dolinic acid and potassium folinate is allowed. But such interaction of drugs can cause severe diarrhea.

When 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" interacts with drugs that suppress brain function, the doctor adjusts the dosage of fluorouracil. It is strictly forbidden to take phenylbutazone, sulfanilamide or aminophenazone with the drug. When the drug interacts with allopurinolan, a decrease in the medicinal effects of both the first and second drugs has been recorded. Please note that 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" significantly weakens the body's defense mechanisms, which reduces the action of the immune system to a critical level and allows the disease to progress with renewed vigor. To prevent this from happening, the drug must be used together with immunostimulating drugs.

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Storage conditions

The basic storage conditions for 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" do not differ from the storage of other drugs. When the storage conditions of the drug are met, fluorouracil is a light yellow or transparent solution.

The drug should be stored in a cool and dark place. It is strictly forbidden to keep an open ampoule of the drug in the air, as this reduces its effectiveness. The storage period of an open ampoule should not exceed 24 hours, provided that the temperature regime is observed - 2-8 º C. The drug must be stored in the original packaging, as its shelf life depends on it.

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Special instructions

5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" - is produced as an injection solution. For some diseases, 5-Fluorouracil is used as the main therapy. But, for example, in the treatment of breast cancer, the drug is part of a therapy complex and has an auxiliary effect. Despite the high effectiveness of the drug, which it has in the treatment of cancer, the drug has a number of contraindications and side effects that can lead to death.

5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" is a modern drug used to treat various cancers. The drug is highly effective in treating, but it can only be used under the condition of inpatient treatment and strict adherence to dosage.

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Shelf life

The shelf life of the drug 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE" in the original packaging is two years from the date of manufacture of the drug and subject to full compliance with the storage features of the drug. The drug must not be supercooled and frozen, as this reduces its medicinal properties to zero. Upon expiration of the shelf life of 5-Fluorouracil "EBEVE", the ampoules must be disposed of. It is strictly prohibited to use the drug after the expiration date, as this will entail unpredictable reactions of the body, which can have irreversible consequences.

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