Dopamine Admed

Dopamine Admeda is a drug whose main active ingredient is dopamine. Dopamine belongs to a class of drugs known as vasopressors, which act on the cardiovascular system.

Dopamine is used in medical practice to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Shock: Including shock of various etiologies (hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, and others), when it is necessary to maintain blood circulation and blood pressure.
2. Increased blood pressure: Dopamine may be used to increase blood pressure in cases of hypotension or hypotension.
3. Increasing blood flow to the kidneys: In some cases, the drug can be used to improve blood flow to the kidneys in acute renal failure.

Admeda Dopamine is usually administered intravenously or extravenously in a controlled medical environment, often in hospitals or other health care settings under the supervision of medical personnel.

Indications Dopamine Admeda

1. Shock: Dopamine is used to treat shock of various etiologies, including hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, cardiogenic shock and other types of shock. It helps maintain blood circulation and blood pressure in patients with acute circulatory failure.
2. Hypotension and hypotension: The drug is used to increase blood pressure in patients with low blood pressure.
3. Maintaining Kidney Blood Flow: Dopamine can be used to increase kidney blood flow, especially in conditions of acute renal failure where maintenance or improvement of kidney function is required.
4. Maintaining blood flow in small arteries and venules: This may be important in some surgical procedures, such as peripheral artery reconstruction.
5. Maintaining cerebral blood flow: In some situations, Dopamine Admeda may be used to ensure adequate cerebral blood flow in patients with hypoxia or ischemia.

Release form

Concentrated solution for infusion: Dopamine Admeda is usually available as a solution for infusion (intravenous administration), which is diluted before use. This solution is intended for drip administration into a vein using an infusion system.

Pharmacodynamics

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that transmits signals in the nervous system. It plays a key role in regulating many body functions, including movement, mood, motivation and pleasure.

The pharmacodynamics of Dopamine Admed is that it is a direct agonist of dopamine receptors. This means that it binds to and activates dopamine receptors, which leads to changes in the electrical activity of nerve cells and subsequent changes in dopamine-related functions.

Admeda Dopamine is commonly used to treat conditions associated with insufficient dopamine levels in the body, such as shock, hypotension (low blood pressure), hypotension during pregnancy, and in some cases of sepsis. It can be used in intensive care and resuscitation to maintain blood pressure and blood flow to vital organs.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Dopamine is usually injected into the body intravenously and directly enters the bloodstream. After administration, it is quickly distributed throughout the tissues of the body.
2. Distribution: Dopamine has a relatively small volume of distribution. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the central nervous system.
3. Metabolism: Dopamine is rapidly metabolized in the liver with the participation of the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). It is metabolized to inactive metabolites such as homovanillic acid and 3-methoxytyrosine.
4. Elimination: Dopamine is excreted from the body primarily through the kidneys in the form of metabolites and, to a lesser extent, unchanged. Its half-life from the body is short and amounts to only a few minutes.
5. Pharmacokinetics in different populations: In elderly patients or patients with impaired renal function, the pharmacokinetic parameters of dopamine may be altered.

Dosing and administration

1. Method of administration: Dopamine Admeda is usually administered intravenously (IV) using an infusion pump, which allows precise control of the rate of administration of the drug.
2. Dosage: The dose of dopamine may vary depending on the severity of the patient's condition, weight, and response to treatment. It is important to start with a low dose and gradually increase it under the supervision of medical personnel. Typically, dosage starts at 2-5 mcg/kg/min and can be increased to 20-50 mcg/kg/min depending on patient response and goals of therapy.
3. Monitoring the Patient: During dopamine treatment, vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, urine output, and other cardiovascular indicators, should be closely monitored.
4. Duration of Treatment: The duration of dopamine treatment depends on the patient's condition and response to therapy. The physician should regularly reassess the need for continued treatment and adapt the dosage according to changes in the patient's condition.

Use Dopamine Admeda during pregnancy

Use of Dopamine Admed during pregnancy may be risky and its use should be strictly supervised by a doctor. Here are the key points from the research:

1. A study of low dose dopamine in women with severe preeclampsia showed that dopamine can be used to prevent and treat acute kidney failure. However, its role in the management of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia remains unclear. A study found a significant increase in urine production over a six-hour period in women given dopamine, but it is not clear whether this benefits women (Steyn & Steyn, 2007).
2. A study of the effects of dopamine on vascular and uterine responsiveness in pregnant sheep found that dopamine reduces uterine blood flow and may increase blood pressure and uterine tone, with potential adverse effects on the fetus (Fishburne et al., 1980).

These data highlight the potential risks of dopamine use during pregnancy, particularly with regard to its effects on uterine and vascular tone, which may adversely affect the fetus.

Contraindications

1. Dopamine Hypersensitivity: People with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to dopamine or any other component of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Pheochromocytoma: Dopamine is generally contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, which is a rare tumor-like disorder that can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular complications.
3. Atrial fibrillation: In patients with atrial fibrillation (an abnormal heart rhythm), the use of dopamine may not be advisable without first consulting your doctor.
4. Tachyarrhythmias: The drug may increase tachyarrhythmias (fast heart rate) and other arrhythmias, so its use requires caution in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
5. Heart failure: Patients with heart failure are advised to use dopamine with caution under medical supervision as it may affect cardiac function.
6. Vascular insufficiency: People with severe forms of vascular insufficiency should also use dopamine with caution and only under medical supervision.

Side effects Dopamine Admeda

1. Increased Blood Pressure: Dopamine may cause increased blood pressure in some patients.
2. Atrial Fibrillation and Other Heart Arrhythmias: In some people, Dopamine may cause abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation.
3. Headache and dizziness: These are some of the most common side effects of Dopamine.
4. Focal Vascular Injuries: Dopamine may cause blood clots in peripheral vessels, especially in patients with hypertension.
5. Increased heart rate (tachycardia): This is another possible side effect of the medicine.
6. Changes in blood counts: Including changes in the level of red blood cells and white blood cells.
7. Appetite suppression and nausea: Some patients may experience loss of appetite or nausea while taking Dopamine.
8. Inherited changes in the cardiovascular system: Dopamine can affect hemodynamics and circulation, which may be especially important for patients with hereditary diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Overdose

1. Acute hypertension (high blood pressure).
2. Cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythm).
3. Tachycardia (fast heartbeat).
4. Sore throat (pain in the heart area due to insufficient blood supply).
5. Cardiogenic shock (acute heart failure).

Interactions with other drugs

1. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Interaction of dopamine with MAOIs may result in increased effects of dopamine, which may cause increased blood pressure and other adverse reactions.
2. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Dopamine may increase the cardiotoxic effects of TCAs, such as cardiac arrhythmias.
3. Beta blockers: Dopamine may reduce the effectiveness of beta blockers because it may antagonize their effects on the cardiovascular system.
4. Levodopa: Interactions with levodopa may increase the effects of both drugs, which may lead to increased blood pressure.
5. Drugs that increase norepinephrine release: Interactions with such drugs may enhance dopaminergic effects and cause an increase in blood pressure.