Solian

Solian (amisulpride) is a medication belonging to the group of antipsychotic drugs, which is used in psychiatry for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. Amisulpride belongs to the class of selective dopamine and serotonin antagonists (SDA), it exerts its effects by blocking dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.

The dosage and regimen of Solian may vary depending on the characteristics of the disease and the individual patient. It is important to consult your doctor for an individualized dosage and treatment plan.

Indications Soliana

1. Schizophrenia: Solian is used to treat schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions and perception of reality.
2. Bipolar affective disorder: The drug may be used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (manic-depressive psychosis), which is characterized by periods of emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and depression.
3. Huntington's chorea syndrome: Solian may be used to treat some symptoms of this inherited neurodegenerative disease, such as movement disorders and psychiatric symptoms.
4. Psychotic disorders in the elderly: The drug may be used to treat psychotic symptoms occurring in the elderly, such as psychosis or delirium.

Release form

• Tablets: Solian is most commonly available as oral tablets. Tablet dosages can vary, common dosages include 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg of amisulpride per tablet. Tablets allow precise dosing of treatment and are convenient to administer.
• Oral solution: In some countries, Solian may also be available as a solution, which is an alternative for patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets.

Pharmacodynamics

Solian is an antipsychotic medication that acts as a selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist. It affects dopamine transmission in the brain, improving the balance between dopamine and serotonin.

Primarily, amisulpride blocks presynaptic D2/D3 receptors in the mesolimbic system, resulting in an increase in dopamine concentration at the synaptic gap. This improves the symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with overactivity of the dopamine system.

In addition, amisulpride also has some effect on serotonin receptors, but its main action is related to the dopamine system.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Amisulpride is generally well absorbed after oral administration and rapidly reaches peak blood concentrations.
2. Distribution: After absorption, amisulpride is rapidly distributed in body tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). It has a high level of binding to plasma proteins.
3. Metabolism: Amisulpride is metabolized in the liver primarily via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme CYP2D6 and, to a lesser extent, CYP3A4.
4. Excretion: Amisulpride metabolites are excreted mainly through the kidneys, both unchanged and as metabolites.
5. Half-life: Thehalf-life of amisulpride can be variable and depends on many factors, including individual patient characteristics. It usually ranges from 12 to 24 hours.
6. Factors affecting pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of amisulpride may be altered by concomitant administration of other drugs, patient condition (e.g., hepatic or renal impairment), and other factors.

Dosing and administration

The method of administration and dosage of Solian depends on the patient's individual needs, severity of the condition and response to treatment. Here are the general recommendations:

Dosage in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses:

• Mild to moderate cases: The usual starting dose is 400-800 mg per day, divided into two doses.
• Severe cases: The dose may be increased to 1200 mg daily depending on individual response and tolerability of treatment.
• Maintenance therapy: Lower doses may be recommended for long-term treatment.

Dosage in the treatment of depression (depending on doctor's recommendations):

• The starting dose is usually 50-300 mg daily, with possible gradual increases depending on treatment response and tolerability.

Method of Application:

• Solian can be taken with or without food, but it is important to maintain a regular schedule to ensure stable levels of the drug in the blood.
• Tablets should be swallowed whole, without chewing and with sufficient water.
• The dosage and duration of treatment should be strictly adhered to as directed by the physician.

Important points:

• Do not stop taking Solian suddenly without consulting your doctor, as this may lead to worsening of symptoms or withdrawal symptoms.
• See your doctor regularly to monitor your condition and adjust the dosage as needed.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbs, to avoid drug interactions.

Use Soliana during pregnancy

Solian is not recommended for use during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, unless absolutely necessary. This medicine may affect the development of the fetus.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with known hypersensitivity to amisulpride or other ingredients of the drug are not recommended to use it due to the risk of allergic reactions.
2. Conditions Requiring Caution: The use of amisulpride requires caution in patients with certain medical conditions such as seizure syndrome, heart, liver or kidney disease, and in patients with disorders of hematopoiesis.
3. Pediatric age: The safety and efficacy of amisulpride in children and adolescents younger than 18 years of age have not been established; therefore, its use in this age group may be undesirable.
4. Pregnancy and lactation: Amisulpride use during pregnancy and lactation should be performed only after careful assessment of the benefits and risks for mother and child.
5. Concomitant use with certain medications: Amisulpride may interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants and antihypertensives, so it is important to consult your doctor before starting treatment.

Side effects Soliana

1. Extrapyramidal symptoms: These include tremors, gesticulation, myoclonic seizures, muscular dystonia, and other movement disorders that may occur with long-term use of the drug.
2. Sedation and drowsiness: Some patients may experience drowsiness, fatigue, or lethargy during the day while taking Solian.
3. Hyperprolactinemia: Amisulpride can increase prolactin levels in the blood, which can lead to various side effects such as gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men), menstrual irregularities, decreased libido, and erection problems.
4. Increased appetite and weight gain: Some patients may notice an increase in appetite and weight gain while taking the drug.
5. Decreased blood pressure: In some people, Solian may cause hypotension (decreased blood pressure), which may be manifested as dizziness or a feeling of weakness.
6. Long QT-interval syndrome: In rare cases, amisulpride may cause prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiogram, which may pose a risk for the development of cardiac arrhythmias.
7. Other side effects: Include headache, anxiety, insomnia, GI disorders (nausea, constipation, or diarrhea), changes in taste, increased blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and others.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include:

1. Hyperactivation of the nervous system, manifested as restlessness, agitation, insomnia.
2. Cramps and muscle contractions.
3. Disorders of consciousness, including loss of consciousness.
4. Poisoning can also lead to heart rhythm irregularities, changes in blood pressure, and breathing problems.

Treatment of overdose usually includes maintenance of vital functions of the body, as well as symptomatic therapy aimed at reducing the manifestations of overdose.

Interactions with other drugs

1. CNS depressants: Co-administration of amisulpride with other central nervous system depressants (e.g. Sleeping pills, analgesics, sedatives) may increase their depressant effect.
2. Anticholinergic drugs: Drugs that have anticholinergic effects (e.g. Antihistamines, antiparkinsonian drugs) may increase the side effects of amisulpride, such as constipation, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, etc.
3. Drugs that prolong the QT interval: Co-administration of amisulpride with drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., class III antiarrhythmic drugs, some antidepressants) may increase the risk of arrhythmias.
4. Drugs metabolized via cytochrome P450: Amisulpride may affect the metabolism of other drugs through inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver, which may lead to changes in their blood concentrations.
5. Drugs that increase prolactin concentration: Amisulpride may increase hyperprolactinemia, therefore combination with other drugs that may also increase prolactin concentration (e.g. Antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs) requires careful monitoring.