Rinza

Rinza is a combination medicine used to relieve the symptoms of colds and flu. This medication contains several active ingredients, each aimed at reducing specific symptoms associated with colds and flu. Here are the main components of Rinza and their effects:

1. Paracetamol: It has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Paracetamol effectively reduces body temperature and reduces headache and other pain sensations without causing significant gastrointestinal irritation.
2. Caffeine: A central nervous system stimulant that can improve alertness and reduce fatigue. Caffeine also enhances the analgesic effect of paracetamol, making pain relief more effective.
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride: A sympathomimetic that constricts blood vessels, thereby reducing swelling of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. This helps to relieve nasal congestion and improve airway patency.
4. Chlorphenamine maleate: An antihistamine that helps reduce allergic reactions and symptoms such as sneezing, itchy eyes, and runny nose by blocking the action of histamine.

Rinza is often used in the treatment of symptomatic manifestations of colds and flu, including fever, body aches, headache, nasal congestion and allergic reactions. The drug is available without a prescription, but before using it, it is important to carefully study the instructions for use and make sure that there are no contraindications. The use of Rinza should be limited to the recommended course of treatment to avoid possible side effects or overdose, especially given the presence of paracetamol, the excess of which can cause damage to the liver.

Indications Rinza

1. Pain: Rinza helps manage pain, including headaches, muscle aches, and sore throats that often accompany a cold or flu.
2. Fever: Paracetamol, one of the ingredients in Rinza, is an antipyretic that helps reduce fever when the body temperature rises.
3. Runny nose and stuffy nose: The phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate in Rinza may help relieve nasal congestion and runny nose.
4. Fatigue and drowsiness: Caffeine, also found in Rinza, may help with fatigue and drowsiness.

Release form

1. Tablets: This is the most common form of Rinza. Tablets are easy to use and are suitable for adults and children over a certain age specified in the instructions for use.
2. Fizzy tablets: Fizzy tablets dissolve in water to form a drink with medicinal properties. This form may be preferred for people who have difficulty swallowing regular tablets and provides a quick onset of action.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Paracetamol: This is an analgesic and antipyretic that is commonly used to reduce pain and fever. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is thought to affect the central nervous system by blocking the production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus, which reduces sensitivity to pain and allows body temperature to be reduced.
2. Caffeine: It is a central stimulant that increases the activity of the central nervous system. It can increase wakefulness, improve mood and reduce fatigue.
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride: This is an alpha-adrenomimetic that narrows the blood vessels in the nose while reducing swelling of the mucous membranes. This can help relieve nasal congestion and make breathing easier.
4. Chlorphenamine maleate: This is a first-generation antihistamine that has anti-allergic properties. It blocks histamine receptors, which reduces allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose and tearing.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics of Rinza describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes of each of the active components of the drug in the human body. Here is how these processes are characterized for each component:

1. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

• Absorption: It is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with maximum concentration (Cmax) in the blood reached 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion.
• Distribution: Evenly distributed in most body tissues.
• Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver with formation of several metabolites, most of which are inactive.
• Excretion: Excreted by the kidneys mainly as metabolites, less than 5% is excreted unchanged.

2. Caffeine

• Absorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with maximum plasma concentrations reached in 15 minutes to 2 hours.
• Distribution: It is distributed to all body tissues.
• Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to three major metabolites.
• Excretion: Excreted by the kidneys as metabolites.

3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride

• Absorption: Absorption of phenylephrine after oral administration is less efficient due to its intensive metabolism during its first passage through the liver.
• Distribution: Data on distribution are limited.
• Metabolism: Undergoes extensive metabolism on first passage through the liver.
• Excretion: Metabolites of phenylephrine are excreted by the kidneys.

4. Chlorphenamine maleate

• Absorption: Absorption of chlorphenamine from the gastrointestinal tract is quite rapid.
• Distribution: Chlorphenamine is well distributed in body tissues.
• Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
• Excretion: Excreted mainly by the kidneys, partly unchanged and partly as metabolites.

This combination provides synergistic action to relieve cold and flu symptoms, but it is important to consider individual metabolism and possible interactions with other drugs. It is recommended to consult your doctor before starting Rinza, especially if you have chronic diseases or are taking other medications.

Dosing and administration

The method of use and dosage of Rinza, a combination drug for the relief of cold and flu symptoms, includes the following recommendations:

For adults and children over 12 years of age:

• Tablets/Fluffy tablets: It is generally recommended to take 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours as needed. The maximum daily dose of paracetamol should not be exceeded, which is 4000 mg for adults, equivalent to usually no more than 8 tablets of Rinza over 24 hours.

Important Directions for Use:

• Before taking: Make sure you do not exceed the recommended dose of paracetamol, taking into account any sources of this substance in other medicines you may have taken.
• Tablet administration: Swallow tablets whole with enough water. For effervescent tablets, dissolve in the specified volume of water before use.
• Duration of treatment: Without a doctor's recommendation, Rinza should not be taken for more than 5 consecutive days due to the risk of side effects and possible addiction to caffeine.
• Take only if you have symptoms: Rinza is intended as a symptomatic treatment, so it should only be taken if you have symptoms of a cold or flu.

Use Rinza during pregnancy

Before using Rinza (a preparation containing paracetamol, caffeine, phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate) during pregnancy, you should consult your doctor. It should be remembered that many medicinal products may affect the development of the fetus, so the safety and appropriateness of using Rinza during pregnancy should be evaluated by a medical specialist.

Each component of Rinza may have specific uses during pregnancy:

1. Paracetamol: It is generally considered relatively safe for use during pregnancy, especially in the first and second trimesters. However, you should consult your doctor before using it, especially if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
2. Caffeine: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy is generally considered safe, but high doses of caffeine may be associated with a risk of pregnancy complications. It is recommended to minimize caffeine intake during pregnancy.
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride: Use of phenylephrine during pregnancy may be associated with a risk for fetal development. You should always consult your doctor before using Rinza containing phenylephrine.
4. Chlorphenamine maleate: The use of chlorphenamine during pregnancy should be restricted only for strict medical reasons, as its safety in pregnant women has not been established.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with known hypersensitivity to paracetamol, caffeine, phenylephrine hydrochloride, chlorphenamine maleate or other ingredients of the drug should not use Rinza.
2. Cardiovascular diseases: The use of phenylephrine hydrochloride may be undesirable in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, arterial hypertension or arrhythmias.
3. Glaucoma: Phenylephrine hydrochloride may exacerbate symptoms of glaucoma, so its use should be avoided in patients with this condition.
4. Liver and kidney disease: The use of paracetamol may be undesirable in patients with liver or kidney disease, as it is metabolized in the liver and may cause toxic effects if it accumulates in the body.
5. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of Rinza is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical advice due to potential adverse effects on the fetus or breast milk.
6. Pediatric age: Rinza may be undesirable for children under a certain age. Dosage and administration should be coordinated with a doctor.
7. Thyroid Disease: Caffeine may increase symptoms of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid disease.

Side effects Rinza

1. Cardiovascular system: There may be an increase in blood pressure and increased heart rate due to the presence of phenylephrine hydrochloride.
2. Nervous system: Dizziness, insomnia or nervousness due to caffeine may occur.
3. Gastrointestinal tract: Nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain may occur.
4. Drowsiness: Although caffeine can help combat drowsiness, it can cause nervousness and restlessness in some patients.
5. Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching or angioedema may occur.
6. Others: Insomnia, headache, or anxiety may occur.

Overdose

1. Paracetamol: An overdose of paracetamol can lead to liver failure, which can be a serious threat to health and even life. The first signs of paracetamol overdose may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic state.
2. Caffeine: Caffeine overdose can cause heart arrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, headache, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride: Phenylephrine overdose may cause cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, insomnia and anxiety.
4. Chlorphenamine maleate: Chlorphenamine overdose may cause drowsiness, central nervous system depression, dizziness, dry mouth, difficulty in urination, constipation, changes in heart rate and vision.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Paracetamol:

   • Increased hepatotoxic effect of paracetamol is possible with concomitant administration of inducers of liver microsomal enzymes (e.g. Phenytonin, rifampicin, alcohol) or with the use of alcohol.

2. Caffeine:

   • Caffeine can enhance the effects of stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and ephedrine.
   • When combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serious side effects including increased blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias may occur.

3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride:

   • Phenylephrine may increase blood pressure, especially when used concomitantly with other sympathomimetics or with MAOIs.
   • Combination with antihypertensive drugs may lead to a decrease in their effectiveness.

4. Chlorphenamine maleate:

   • Concomitant administration of chlorphenamine with other centrally acting depressants, such as sedatives, may potentiate their effects and cause drowsiness.
   • Interaction with MAOIs can cause serious side effects including hypertensive crisis.