Neuroxon

Neuroxon is a subcategory of psychostimulants; used in the treatment of ADHD. It is a nootropic substance.

[1]

Indications Neuroxon

It is used for therapy in such conditions:

• stroke ;
• disorders of cerebral blood flow in the acute stage, as well as the consequences of such disorders;
• received TBI and neurological complications of these injuries;
• cognitive or behavioral disorders due to chronic, degenerative and vascular cerebral disorders.

[2], [3]

Release form

The release of the pharmaceutical element is made in the injection liquid, 0.5 or 1 g inside the ampoules with a capacity of 4 ml. Inside the cell plate - 5 ampoules; in the box - 2 such records.

[4]

Pharmacodynamics

Citicoline helps to stimulate the development of the biosynthesis of systemic phospholipids of the neural walls, which was found during the execution of MRS procedures. This principle of influence allows citicoline to improve the activity of the following membrane functions - the activity of ion-exchange terminations and pumps, whose modulation is required for the stable conduct of neural impulses.

The normalizing effect on neural walls leads to the development of anti-edema effects, which helps to weaken brain edema.

Experimental tests revealed that citicoline slows down the activity of certain phospholipases (such as A1 and A2, as well as C and D), reduces the volume of free radicals that form, prevents the destruction of membrane structures and ensures the safety of antioxidant protective structures (such as glutathione).

The active component preserves the energy neuronal reserve, and at the same time slows down the processes of apoptosis and stimulates the binding of acetylcholine.

Experiments have confirmed that citicoline has prophylactic neuroprotective activity in the case of cerebral ischemia, which has a focal nature.

Clinical tests revealed that citicoline helps restore functions in individuals with an acute phase of ischemia that disrupts intracerebral blood flow, which also slows down the proliferation of ischemic brain lesions (with neuroimaging).

In people with TBI, the drug increases the rate of recovery, and also reduces the severity and shortens the duration of the existing post-traumatic syndrome.

The drug increases the attention and consciousness indicators, affects neurological and at the same time cognitive disorders arising from cerebral ischemia, and at the same time helps reduce the intensity of the symptoms of amnesia.

[5], [6],

Pharmacokinetics

The use of the drug leads to a significant increase in the plasma values of choline. The substance is exchanged inside the liver as well as the intestines; in the process, cytidine and choline components are formed.

Introduced citicoline is distributed within the cerebral structures, quickly incorporating choline fractions into phospholipid structures and cytidine fractions into nucleotides of cytidines with nucleic acids. Inside the brain, the component is integrated with the mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and besides cell walls, integrating into the system of the phospholipid fraction.

Through the faeces and urine only an insignificant part of the dosage of the drug is excreted (less than 3%). Approximately 12% of the portion is excreted with exhaled CO2.

Excretion of the drug with urine has 2 stages: the first lasts 36 hours (during it, the rate of excretion decreases rapidly), and at the second, the rate of excretion decreases much slower. Similar phasing accompanies the process of excretion through the respiratory ducts. First, the speed reduction occurs quickly (in the first 15 hours), and then - much more slowly.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Dosing and administration

Adults need to apply 0.5-2 g of substance per day (the exact portion depends on the intensity of the manifestations of the pathology).

Substance is administered to the patient in / in or in the / m method.

Intravenous medication is applied by injection, at low speed (3-5 minutes, taking into account the size of the portion used), or drip (at a speed equal to 40-60 drops / minute).

During the day, a maximum of 2 g of the substance is allowed. The duration of therapy depends on the course of the disease and is chosen by the attending doctor.

Injection fluid can be administered only once - it is used immediately after opening the ampoule. The rest of the substance must be disposed of. The drug is allowed to mix with any isotonic fluids for intravenous injection, and in addition with a hypertonic glucose solution.

When there is a need to continue the therapeutic course, the solution can be used for ingestion.

Use Neuroxon during pregnancy

There is not enough information regarding the use of citicoline in pregnant women. There is also no information regarding the excretion of substances with mother's milk and its effects on the fetus. During lactation or pregnancy, Neuroxon is used only in situations where it is expected that the benefit for the woman will be higher than the probability of the risk of negative consequences for the infant or fetus.

[11]

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• severe intolerance associated with citicoline or other elements of the drug;
• increased parasympathetic NA tone.

[12], [13], [14]

Side effects Neuroxon

Among the side effects:

• disorders affecting the PNS or the central nervous system: vertigo, intense headaches or hallucinations;
• disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system: tachycardia and a decrease or increase in blood pressure indicators;
• lesions of the respiratory organs: dyspnea;
• problems with digestive function: vomiting, nausea, or diarrhea;
• immune manifestations: signs of allergy, including purpura, anaphylaxis, itching, rash, and besides this rash, angioedema, hyperemia and urticaria;
• systemic disorders: changes in the injection zone or the appearance of chills.

[15]

Interactions with other drugs

Citicoline potentiates the effects of levodopa.

It is forbidden to combine Neuroxone with medicines, which include meklofenoksat.

[16], [17], [18],

Storage conditions

Neuroxon needs to be kept in a place inaccessible to small children. Temperature indicators should not exceed 30 ° C.

Shelf life

Neuroxone can be applied within a 36-month term from the date the drug was manufactured.

[19]

Application for children

There are only limited data regarding the use of drugs in pediatrics.

[20]

Analogs

Analogues of the medication are Quanil, Cytimax-Darnitsa, Diphosphocin and Somazina with Somakson, and in addition Cytocon, Lira, Farmaxon, Neurodar with Ceraxone and Tsitikolin-Novo with Neocebrone.

[21], [22], [23]