Human papillomavirus: typing and genotyping

Medicine knows more than 120 types of HPV, which are classified using different approaches. There is a summary table of the main types of the virus, based on the results of large-scale screening studies:

Symptoms	A type
Skin:
Plantar Warts	1, 2, 4
Conventional warts	2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57
Flat warts	3, 10, 28, 49
Warts Butcher	7th
Wart epidermodysplasia	5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 36
Nondestructive skin lesions	37, 38
Mucous membranes of genital organs:
Genital Warts	6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54
Noncondylomatous lesions	6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70
Carcinoma	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68
Lesion of mucous membranes not of genitals:
Papilloma of the larynx	6, 11, 30
Carcinoma of the neck, tongue	2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30

 

All neoplasms are divided according to the oncological danger, localization and form of skin growths.

1. Localization of infection:
   • Alpha - affects the mucous membranes of the genital organs in men and women, manifests condylomas.
   • Beta - affects the surface layers of the epidermis, manifests itself on the surface layers of the epidermis with classical warts.
2. From the genotype of the virus depends on its oncogenic potential, that is, the possibility of causing oncological degeneration of infected tissues. Genotyping distinguishes such types of infection according to the risk of oncogenicity:
   • Low risk - 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55. They have low chances of causing cancer changes, but are responsible for the appearance of outgrowths in different parts of the body, thus causing aesthetic discomfort.
   • Intermediate - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66. They are classified as probable risk.
   • High Rice - 16, 18, 45, 56. Integrate their genome into healthy cells and replicate with each replication of the host cell.
3. Forms of cutaneous neoplasm. Papillomas are divided into five main categories.
   • Simple - the most common type of outgrowth. As development develops a horny tubercle of warm color. Warts are localized to the skin, both alone and in groups. Most often occur on the inner and outer side of the hand, the lower part of the face (lips, chin). There are also plantar growths.
   • Flat - have a dark color and show up in small accumulations on the skin. As a rule, they appear on the upper part of the trunk, less often on the genitals. Very often make themselves felt in adolescence with a malfunction of the immune system, arising in the neck and arms.
   • Pointed - warts affect the mucous membranes and are included in the category of oncogenic risk. Characterized by rapid expansion.
   • Threadlike - acrochorda or senile papillomas occur in middle-aged and elderly people. A feature of such neoplasms is the presence of a leg that supports the mole.
   • Internal moles - localized on internal organs. This category includes condylomas on the walls of the stomach and rectum, outgrowths in the oral cavity and bladder.

The method of diagnosis, treatment and prevention depends on the type of neoplasm revealed.

Human papillomaviruses of high risk

HPV refers to the most common viruses. Most often, infection occurs sexual and contact-household way. For many years the virus can be at rest and not manifest itself. It can be activated by various factors, for example, a weakened immune system or chronic diseases.

Especially dangerous are high-risk human papillomaviruses. This category includes:

• The average oncogeneity is 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66
• High carcinogenicity is 16, 18, 45, 56, 59, 68.

Under the influence of certain factors, these types of infection can provoke malignant cell mutations. Genotypes 18 and 16 are most dangerous. According to the studies, they contribute to uncontrolled cell division of the epithelium and in 2/3 cases of diagnosed cervical cancer, they are the main cause of pathology.

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses

Serious danger is carcinogenic HPV, that is, viruses that can cause malignant degeneration of healthy cells. The risk group includes such genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. They significantly increase the likelihood of cancer of the genitals, uterus, anal and urethra.

Oncogenic viruses are manifested by genital warts on the genitals. Their appearance is a signal for seeking medical help and removing neoplasms. Most often, cancer develops from types 18 and 16, as 2/3 of them have one of these genotypes. The presence of 56 and 66 HPV in the blood is the reason for testing on oncomarkers, since these viruses lead to carcinoma.

In this case, the presence of high-risk HPV in the blood is not a verdict. Of course, the presence of the virus increases the chance of developing precancerous conditions by 60%, but with timely diagnosis, it is possible to prevent the development of pathology.

Typing and genotyping of the human papillomavirus

To classify viral pathogens, their thorough and comprehensive diagnosis is necessary. To determine the nature of the disease caused by papillomavirus and make up its prediction, typing is shown. Genotyping of infectious DNA is aimed at revealing the type of pathogenic microorganism. For the analysis, skin and mucous membranes are examined, blood samples and other biopsy samples are examined.

There are such basic types of papilloma neoplasms:

• Warts - structures of a rounded shape with clear boundaries and a size of 2-10 mm. As a rule, they do not carry the danger of malignant degeneration and are formed on damaged skin.
• Simple papillomas - neoplasms with a soft structure and flesh color. Occur in different parts of the body, most often the armpits, on the face, neck.
• Pointed condylomas - outgrowths with a soft texture and uneven shape. Most often affects the lining surfaces of the genitalia and are carcinogenic. Rapidly proliferating, damaging the DNA structure of healthy cells.
• Bovenoid papulosis - rashes affecting the skin with a high risk of cancer of the epithelium.

Genotyping of HPV is carried out to identify the characteristics of its structure. From the type and information stored, the virus can both apply and does not apply to carcinogenic. To determine the genotype, the following methods are used:

• The method of polymerase chain reaction - identifies the virus and determines its type. This method is based on the body's response to different viral structures. Blood, smears from the urethra, cervix are used for the study.
• Hybrid DNA capture of HPV is a more modern and accurate method. Determines the types of infection and the degree of damage to the structures of the body.

Genotyping allows to determine the number of strains of the pathogen, their carcinogenicity and danger to humans. Typing provides an opportunity to pinpoint the type of infection: persistent or reinfection (chronic course of the disease).

Human papillomavirus 1

This infectious agent gives impetus to the development of calcaneus and common warts. Very often, with this papillomavirus, deep lesions appear on the feet, which cause discomfort and painful sensations to the wearer. Grafts can form on the back of the hands and on the chin. In some cases, they appear on the eyelids, scalp, fingers and toes.

This type of virus has a low oncogeneity. At the same time, it is impossible to completely remove it from the body. Modern medicines can temporarily suspend its activity. The treatment is aimed at eliminating aesthetic problems, that is, removing the growths. Further therapy is carried out to increase the protective forces of the immune system. Mandatory prescribe drugs that depress papillomatosis.

Human papillomavirus 4

Another common form of viral disease. It appears with heel and ordinary warts. As the development grows darken and acquire a rough surface. In some cases, formations of a smaller size are formed around one large wart.

Patients complain of itching, burning and pain in the lesions. Also HPV 4 promotes the development of calluses and corns on the soles of the feet.

This genotype does not represent a risk of malignant degeneration. For treatment, surgical removal of the growths with further immunotherapy of the patient is used.

Human papillomavirus 5

Responsible for the development of different types of growths. Most often, papillomavirus 5 leads to the appearance of wart or verruxiform epidermodysplasia. The disease is rare and manifests a large accumulation of warts. The pathological condition develops in youth and proceeds throughout life. According to statistics, women are more likely to get sick than men.

Verruxiform epidermodysplasia (EVLL) is in fact a unique predisposition of the epidermis to infection with papillomavirus. In this case, HPV 5 has a high carcinogenicity, that is, the risk of degeneration of skin changes in squamous cell carcinoma.

The disease is hereditary autosomal recessive. If both parents are infected, then the child is 100% sick. If one parent is infected, the child will be an asymptomatic carrier of EVLL.

Characteristic symptoms of epidermodysplasia:

• Warty growths of small size, which, as they grow, merge into large lesions.
• Eruptions appear on the face, back, neck, abdomen and even on the buttocks.
• If the skin is damaged, linear warty structures appear on the wound site.
• On the body and limbs, the growths are larger and denser than on the face and neck.

A person does not experience painful sensations, but there is aesthetic discomfort. For the treatment use of immunotropic drugs and various drugs that suppress the growth of warts. If necessary, build-ups are removed by cryodestruction, laser cauterization or electrocoagulation.

Without timely treatment and with frequent trauma, papillomas caused by type 5 virus have a high risk of serious complications. About 25% of patients are prone to degeneration of tumors into squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus 6

The sixth type of HPV is diagnosed in middle-aged and older people. Neoplasms pink or flesh-colored and in their form resemble cauliflower. This type of papillomavirus is included in the group of infections with low oncogeneity and increases the risk of such pathologies:

• Genital warts (condylomas).
• Laryngeal papillomatosis.
• Non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs.
• Papillomas conjunctiva.

In most cases, the virus does not show itself. But such a factor as a weakened immune system, can cause its activation and appearance of skin changes. Infectious infection is most often manifested by genital warts in the genital area and on the mucous membranes. In severe cases, other localizations of the growths are possible.

When the cervix is affected, there is a risk of dysplasia, and in the absence of treatment - oncological changes. A painful condition requires urgent treatment, as the tissues are constantly growing, and the infection spreads rapidly throughout the body. The virus contributes to the destruction of the mucous membrane of the genital organs, oral cavity, larynx and respiratory tract.

Treatment consists of antiviral and general restorative therapy, surgical removal of neoplasm. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures: personal hygiene, balanced nutrition, increased immunity.

Human papillomavirus 7

As a result of infection with HPV 7, the so-called Butcher warts or Butcher warts appear on the skin. They represent painless growths of light brown color, which are most often localized on elbows and shoulders.

Warts of butchers arise in people who often come into contact with raw meat. Infection penetrates into the skin through minor damage. The growths appear on the elbows and hands with convex, painless formations.

Human papillomavirus 11

11 type of papillomavirus is most often diagnosed in women, and it is manifested by genital warts. In the pathological process, skin and mucous membranes are involved. This HPV has a low carcinogenicity, that is, it is not susceptible to malignant degeneration.

At risk of this disease are men and women who have an active sexual life and often change their sexual partners. Infection can occur with other sexually transmitted infections. When genome 11 is infected, the pathogen is inserted into the human chromosome set, infecting the daughter cells of the carrier.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• Single or multiple rashes.
• Female growths appear on the labia, cervix, clitoris, urethra.
• In men, neoplasms appear on the head and body of the penis, scrotum, bridle.
• In both sexes papillomas have adjacent localizations: anus, perineum, oropharynx, bladder, perianal region.

Patients complain of itching and burning in the area of rashes, severe pain during urination and sexual intercourse. Separation from the genital organs is also possible. As progression progresses, the infection replaces the normal cellular morphology of the affected tissues with a coarser one, provoking the development of dysplasia.

Diagnosis is carried out according to the type of vysypnyh structures and is not difficult. Completely destroy the virus is impossible, but there are a number of therapeutic methods that can suppress its activity. To do this, use special medicines. To remove skin changes, cryodestruction methods, laser therapy and other surgical techniques are used.

Prevention of HPV 11 infection is based on adherence to barrier methods of contraception to prevent infection during intercourse. It is also recommended strengthened strengthening of the immune system to improve its protective properties.

Human papillomavirus 12

When certain factors are involved, HPV 12 may manifest as vertexiform or wart epidermodysplasia. This pathological condition is also called Lewandowski-Lutz disease. It refers to genetic disorders.

The main symptom is the generalized formation of flat warty structures on the skin. At the initial stage, the growths are small and localized on the forearms, shins and hands. In rare cases, the rashes affect the skin of the face, neck and trunk. As the infection spreads, the number of warts increases. Neoplasms merge, occupying the entire surface of the skin. Elements have a different color from light pink to dark brown. By their density, they do not differ from healthy tissues.

Papillomavirus 12 requires a comprehensive diagnosis. This is due to the fact that the disease that it causes can lead to severe dermatological defects and severe complications. In ¼ of patients, transformation of affected tissues into squamous cell carcinoma is observed.

Human papillomavirus 16

One of the most common papillomaviruses diagnosed in 60% of people is HPV 16 (Human papillomavirus). This type of infection is oncogenic and leads to such pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Carcinoma of the neck, tongue.

After infection, the virus is inserted into the DNA sections of healthy cells, thereby violating the natural antitumor immunity of the organism. According to statistics, in 42% of cases, 16 genotype is the main cause of cervical cancer.

The immune system of a healthy person can cope with papillomatosis independently within 6-12 months after infection. That is why the analysis on HPV 16 is carried out 3-4 times. With positive results of diagnosis, patients are prescribed antiviral drugs and immunostimulants, vitamins. All neoplasms are subject to removal because of the risk of their malignancy.

Human papillomavirus 18

One of the most common urogenital viral infections is papillomatosis. 18 The type of this infection is associated with such diseases as 16 HPV: cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer. It has high oncogeneity. Embedded in the human genome provokes the growth of benign growths, which gradually degenerate into cancer. In 70% of cases, HPV 18 is detected in women with uterine cancer.

Immediately after infection, the virus does not make itself felt, but after the action of certain factors manifests itself. Its main symptom is papillomatous growths on the surfaces of the genital organs and cervix.

Treatment is appointed only after a comprehensive diagnosis and establishing the probability of malignant neoplasm. Therapy consists of surgical removal of growths, 2-3 courses of antiviral and immunostimulating drugs. In this case, it should be taken into account the fact that to date there are no medicines completely neutralizing the 18 genotype of papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus 21

Another type of infection that causes verruziforme epidermodysplasia is HPV 21. In this case, it refers to viruses with low carcinogenicity. Most often manifested anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.

Since the infection does not penetrate into the blood, but affects only the skin, then for the diagnosis use scrapings of the epidermis and smears from the mucous membranes. Treatment is complex, aimed at removing skin defects and strengthening immunity.

Human papillomavirus 31

To date, there are more than a hundred papillomaviruses, among which are oncogenic, that is, those that can provoke malignant processes in the body. HPV 31 refers to an infection of medium carcinogenicity, which under certain factors leads to cancer.

31 genotype is associated with such diseases:

• Neoplasia of 2 and 3 degrees of severity.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Cancer of the penis.
• Cancer of the anus.
• Cancer of the oral cavity and larynx.
• Bowen's disease.
• Erythroplasia of Keira.
• Dental complications.

Infection often occurs with unprotected intercourse and presents the same danger for both women and men. Infection is possible with the contact of the virus with an open wound or during the birth process, that is, transmission from mother to child.

With strong immunity the virus can for a long time not make itself felt. But with the weakening of the body, it begins to progress. Infection is manifested by outgrowths on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs from the outside and from the outside. In rare cases, type 31 leads to the development of bovine papulosis, which is manifested by smooth nodules on the surface of the external genitalia.

At the first symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to begin treatment. This is due to the fact that the infection spreads very quickly, affecting healthy tissues and contributing to their malignancy. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, a number of complications arise that are dangerous for human life.

Human papillomavirus 33

HPV of this type is most often diagnosed in women, as it contributes to the development of such diseases:

• Non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Cervical dysplasia.
• Cervical cancer.

The pathological condition is considered anthropogenic, infection occurs only between people. 2-4 months after HPV 33 enters the body, genital warts with concomitant painful symptoms begin to form on the genitals.

According to medical statistics, in 80% of cases, infection is diagnosed with gynecological examination. Skin lesions are dangerous by the development of erosions, which without timely treatment can lead to tumor lesions of the cervix.

Human papillomavirus 35

Infection with this HPV is dangerous development of malignant processes in the body. Type 35 is diagnosed in both men and women, but only in the latter it causes serious problems.

The infection manifests itself in the condylomatous lesions of the perineal region, the external genitalia, the anus and the oral cavity (the root of the tongue, the inner part of the cheek). Infection can cause the development of dysplasia and cancer processes of the cervix.

Curing HPV 35 is not so simple, so special attention is paid to preventive measures: protected sex, a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system, and more. In case of infection, the treatment consists of a set of techniques aimed at eliminating skin defects and suppressing the activity of papillomatosis.

Human papillomavirus 39

This genotype poses a serious danger and a threat to life, since it promotes the regeneration of healthy tissues into malignant ones. HPV 39 is the most sensitive woman, because it leads to the defeat of the internal genitalia. Infection can cause dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Infection can for a long period of time not manifest itself, feeding on healthy tissues and increasing in size.

• External symptoms of infection are skin growths on the inner walls of the vagina, mucous membranes of the cervical canal, in the cervix.
• Less often, condylomas are formed on the external genitalia, as well as around the exit of the urethra or near the anus.
• Neoplasms appear as single, and multiple growths, which outwardly resemble cauliflower.

Skin lesions have an average risk of malignancy, that is, degeneration into a cancerous tumor. Their appearance is the reason for seeking medical help for diagnosis and treatment. To minimize the risk of traumatization of genital warts and eliminate aesthetic discomfort, their surgical excretion is carried out. In mandatory order, patients are prescribed a complex of antiviral drugs and immunostimulants.

Human papillomavirus 44

From the point of view of oncology, 44 the type of HPV poses no danger. At the same time, infection with this infection is manifested by genital warts and genital warts on the cervix and other important organs.

Treatment of skin outgrowths is performed to eliminate aesthetic discomfort, that is, neoplasms are removed. Also, all patients are prescribed a course of antiviral drugs and immunostimulants to suppress papillomatous infection in the body.

Human papillomavirus 45

Another representative of the group of oncogenic papillomaviruses with high risk of degeneration is type 45. The following are typical for infection:

• Pointed condylomas.
• Bovenoid papulosis.
• Genital warts.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Infection occurs during unprotected intercourse. A man acts as a carrier of a virus, and may not know about it. In women, the infection is manifested by warty growths on the genitals. Pathology is very dangerous for the female body and requires serious treatment. From the moment of infection to the development of a malignant tumor caused by HPV 45 can pass more than 20 years.

When there are pathological changes in the skin in the genital area and the anus, you should seek medical help. In addition to external symptoms, general health deteriorates. Many infected people note the appearance of itching and burning in the genital area, atypical discharge from the vagina, discomfort during urination and during intercourse.

During the diagnosis, PCR, a daidzhen test, calcoscopy, biopsy and cytological studies are performed to identify the pathogen genotype. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. At a mild degree, general restorative medications are prescribed, antiviral therapy is performed at an intermediate stage. In severe lesions, a complex approach is shown, which consists of medical and surgical methods.

Human papillomavirus 51

This type of HPV refers to anogenital infections of average oncogenic risk. Infection is mainly sexually transmitted and can lead to such problems:

• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Oncological lesions of the anus, vulva or vagina in women.
• Malignant neoplasms in the area of the anus and penis in men.
• Genital warts.
• The giant condyloma of Buschke-Levenshtein.

For the diagnosis of HPV 51 patients must pass an urogenital smear. With its help, clinical confirmation of the presence of infection in the body, genotyping and assessment of the risk of malignancy.

Specially developed drugs to treat this type of infection does not exist. Therapy is aimed at preventing malignant transformations and mobilizing the antitumor immunity of the body.

Human papillomavirus 52

According to medical statistics, HPV 52 in 70% of cases is identified in women after 35 years. Infection usually occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse. A painful condition is associated with such pathologies:

• Genital warts on the genitals and in the anal region.
• Colon cancer in men.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

The first signs of infection are not immediately apparent and are characterized by condylomatous growths on the labia and vaginal mucosa. Active progression of infection leads to a decrease in the protective functions of the body and its aging.

It is impossible to completely cure the virus, but with early diagnosis and proper therapy it is possible to protect cells from destruction and malignancy. To do this, surgical removal of the growths, the course of antiviral therapy and taking drugs to strengthen the immune system.

Human papillomavirus 53

Infection with HPV 53 is possible by contact with the mucosa or skin cells of an infected person. This genotype has a low carcinogenicity, so it does not represent a risk of malignant degeneration.

After infection, the virus can be in a dormant state for an extended period of time. The effect of various factors, for example, weakening the protective properties of the immune system leads to its activation. Because of this, epidermal cells begin to actively divide, forming warty neoplasms and genital warts.

Treatment of papillomavirus type 53 is reduced to removing skin growths, taking antiviral drugs and strengthening immunity.

Human papillomavirus 56

One type of papillomavirus infection is HPV 56. This type is characterized by high oncogeneity and is associated with such pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the genitals.

The virus is dangerous for both women and men, causing genital warts and other tumor growths. Penetration of the infection into the body occurs through the mucous membranes during unprotected sex or with open wound injuries of the epidermis.

Disease-causing microorganisms can remain latent for a long period of time. With the action of certain factors, they are activated and manifested by various skin growths that bring aesthetic discomfort and cause painful sensations.

HPV 56 requires comprehensive treatment. Therapy consists of taking antiviral drugs, surgical removal of the growths and strengthening the immune system. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures to protect the body from infection.

Human papillomavirus 58

Viral pathogen from the category of medium risk of malignant degeneration is type 58. Infection is part of the alpha group, that is, contributes to the appearance of such pathologies:

• Non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs.
• Kondilomy internal surface of the anus.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

After introduction into an organism provokes occurrence of small outgrowths with dense and soft structure. Depending on the location, they can be light pink or brown. This genotype is very often manifested in the neck, in the armpits, in the intestines, the external and internal genital organs, the bladder.

The danger of infection is explained by the hidden course of the infectious process. Since the pathogen can remain in a dormant state for an extended period of time. Timely diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment can prevent complications of Human papillomavirus type 58.

Human papillomavirus 59

HPV 59 genotype belongs to oncogenic viruses. Under the influence of certain factors, it can cause damage to the tissues of the cervix and uterine epithelium, provoking a precancerous condition. Infection with this pathogenic occurs with unprotected anal or vaginal contact, less often with oral sex.

Often the infection does not manifest itself for a long time. But the appearance of skin growths and warts indicates its activation. Genital warts are formed on the external genitalia and their mucous membranes. If the growths appear on the cervix, then it manifests bloody discharge and severe pain during urination and sexual intercourse. Also, HPV 58 can cause changes in the surface layer of the rectal mucosa, both in men and in women.

To diagnose a disease state, an analysis is performed for viral DNA and PCR. Treatment consists of taking antiviral medications to suppress infection. Removal of outgrowths is also indicated to reduce the risk of their traumatization and degeneration into malignant tumors. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures and vaccinations, which prevent relapse of infection and reduce the risk of infection with other genotypes.

Human papillomavirus 66

Very often the appearance of warts and papillomas on the body is associated with infection with type 66 papillomavirus. In this case the skin growths have the most improper localization: axillary cavities, perianal and periorbital region, perineum, mucous membranes of the genital organs. It is the aesthetic discomfort and frequent trauma of neoplasms that makes one seek medical help.

As a rule, after infection, the infection is at rest for a long period of time. But under the influence of certain factors it is activated. Such factors include:

• Weakening the protective forces of the immune system.
• Unbalanced nutrition.
• Bad habits.
• Frequent change of sexual partners and unprotected sexual intercourse.
• Non-compliance with personal hygiene.
• Frequent abortion and other.

Treatment of HPV 66 is aimed at removing skin growths and eliminating the factors that cause the spread of the infection. Antiviral therapy and vitamin supplements are used to increase immunity. Preventive measures include vaccination, timely treatment of any diseases and a healthy lifestyle.

Human papillomavirus 67

According to the conducted studies 67 type HPV refers to viruses with the average status of oncological degeneration. That is, infection with this genotype under certain conditions can provoke precancerous conditions.

Infection penetrates through the mucous membranes and damaged skin. Infection is manifested by papillomatous growths on the body. Sprains can form on the mucous membrane of the cervix. At the same time, if there are no pathological changes on the part of this body, the average virus titer is not dangerous and is considered a normal condition.

Before starting treatment, the patient must undergo PCR diagnosis, pass a cytological smear and a number of other tests. This will confirm the genotype of papillomatosis and assess the percentage of its carcinogenicity. Therapy consists of the removal of altered tissues by the surgical method and the course of antiviral therapy.

Human papillomavirus 68

This type of infection develops due to the effect of a viral agent that has penetrated the body through mucous membranes or wound surfaces. Most often, infection occurs with unprotected sex and makes itself felt when the defenses of the immune system weaken.

68 the genotype of HPV has a low oncogeneity and is manifested by skin outgrowths of different localization. The large spread of defects and their frequent traumatization are dangerous. Since at this stage, viral DNA replaces healthy cells, changing their structure. Leaving the problem without medical care, the active progression of type 68 papillomavirus can lead to carcinoma.

To prevent severe consequences and various complications of HPV, when the first warts or papillomas appear, you should consult a dermatologist or therapist for their treatment and prevention.