Zitrocin

Zitrocin is a subgroup of macrolides. Has a systemic action and antibacterial properties.

Indications of the zitrocin

It is used in the process of eliminating inflammations and infections that were caused by bacteria that have increased sensitivity to drugs:

• lesions of the ENT system and respiratory system: tonsillitis with bronchitis, pneumonia with middle otitis, whooping cough with sinusitis, and angina with scarlet fever;
• skin infections and soft tissue lesions: a secondary form of dermatoses and impetigo with erysipelas;
• diseases in the genitourinary tract: cervicitis with salpingitis, urethritis (gonorrheal / non-gonorrheal origin), and chalamidiosis with prostatitis;
• infectious pathologies in the mouth: periostitis or periodontitis;
• the initial phase of borreliosis;
• arising from exposure to a pathogenic microorganism Helicobacter pylori ulcers inside the duodenum or stomach (as a combination therapy).

[1], [2],

Release form

Release in powder form (for the manufacture of a suspension), inside a glass vial having a volume of 30 ml. Inside the package - 1 bottle and a syringe with a measuring spoon.

[3], [4], [5]

Pharmacodynamics

The drug has a large range of pharmacological activity, is part of the sub-category of macrolides - is a drug-azalide. Forming high concentrations of the active substance inside the affected area, it has a bactericidal effect. Synthesizing with ribosomes (their 50S subunit), destroys protein biosynthesis inside pathogenic microbes.

Among the bacteria sensitive for the preparation are:

• separate cocci from the gram-positive group: pyogenic streptococci with pneumococci, and in addition Streptococcus viridans, golden staiflococci and streptococci agalactia with streptococci of subclasses C and F or G;
• microbes from the gram-negative group: legionella pneumophila, gardnerelli vaginalis, campylobacteria and cervix gonococci, and in addition moraxelli cataralis, bacteria Borde-Gangu, along with a stick of Pfeiffer and Ducrea, and also a paraclobel;
• separate groups of anaerobes: clostridium perfringens, a group of peptostreptococci, and in addition Bacteroides bivius;
• Other: mycoplasma pneumonia, pale treponema, ureaplasma, Chlamydia trachomatis with Borredorfer's Borrelia and cryptosporidia with Toxoplasma gondii.

The drug does not affect bacteria from the Gram-positive group, which have resistance to erythromycin. In addition, many strains of staphylococci, methicillin-resistant substances, and fecal enterococci are resistant to Zitrocin. In this case, the drug shows activity against microbes that produce β-lactamase.

Pharmacokinetics

Zitrocin is absorbed quickly, staying inside the gastrointestinal tract - this is due to the fact that the substance has resistance to a high pH level in the stomach, and in addition to lipophilicity. On the first day of oral intake of 0.5 g of drugs, the maximum possible plasma level of the substance is observed after 2.5-2.96 hours, amounting to 0.4 mg / l. At the same time, the figures for bioavailability are 37%.

The drug is distributed inside the respiratory system, organs with tissues of the urinary tract (this list also includes the prostate), and with it inside the subcutaneous tissues and inside the skin. High values of drugs inside the tissues (exceed the plasma level by 10-50 times), and in addition a sufficiently long term of its half-life is caused by the fact that azithromycin is rather weakly exposed to protein synthesis inside the plasma; at the same time, it is observed inside eukaryotic cells, and besides it accumulates in the lysosome region - inside a medium with low acidity. As a result, the medicine acquires high values of the distribution volume (in the amount of 31.1 l / kg), and besides the clearance within the blood plasma. The fact that azithromycin is able to accumulate for the most part inside the lysosomes, is extremely important for the removal of bacteria within the cells.

It is known that phagocytes transport a drug substance to the area of the infectious focus, where its release occurs - during phagocytosis. The level of the active component of the medication within the inflamed tissues is higher than that of the healthy ones (the average value is about 24-34%), and correlates with the strength of the swelling caused by inflammation. Although the drug component in large quantities is concentrated inside the phagocytes, it acts weakly on their activity.

The medicament in its bactericidal concentrations is retained within the affected area for about 5-7 days after the last portion of the drug has been used, which makes it possible to take the drug in short courses (3 or 5 days).

Excretion is carried out in 2 separate phases: the half-life is 14-20 hours (the time interval is about 8-24 hours after the use of the suspension), and also 41 hours (the time interval is approximately 24-72 hours), so you can take the medicine once in a day.

[6], [7]

Dosing and administration

Suspension Zitrocin is usually prescribed to children, although adults can also take it (if it is not possible to use the drug in the form of tablets).

For children, whose weight is in the range of 10-45 kg:

• during infections in the respiratory tract (lower or upper compartment), in the subcutaneous layer or skin: taking the drug at a rate of 10 mg / kg during the course of 3 days;
• chronic stage of Lyme-borreliosis: a 5-day course of treatment with a daily dosage is recommended. The first day requires taking 20 mg / kg of the drug, and the remaining 4 - at a dose of 10 mg / kg.

For teenagers weighing more than 45 kg, as well as adults:

• skin lesions, respiratory organs and subcutaneous layer: daily intake of 0.5 g of the drug for 3 days (total dose for the entire course is 1.5 g) or 0.5 g on the first day of the course, and then, during 2 -5th day - 0.25 g per day;
• chronic form of tick-borne borreliosis: a 5-day treatment course with the 1st dose of drugs taken on the first day, and then, during the next 4 years, 0.5 g;
• infections affecting the genitourinary system: a one-time use of the drug in a dosage of 1 g;
• during combined therapy to eliminate ulcers inside the stomach or 12-gut (caused by Helicobacter pylori activity): during a 3-day period, drink a drug in the amount of 1 g / day.

If the drug was missed for some reason, it is necessary to drink the medicine as quickly as possible, and then take new portions, observing the interval of 24 hours.

Use the suspension is recommended separately from food - either 1 hour before eating, or after 2 hours after this.

Production of a suspension.

It is required to boil water, and then cool it, then pour it into the vial where the medicinal powder is located (to the mark indicated in it in 30 ml), and then shake it. Further required to hold the medicine under conditions of temperature to 25 ^on C (about 5 minutes).

After that, check the level of the liquid in the vial: in case the volume of the finished suspension does not reach 30 ml, it is necessary to add more water to the vial and shake again. The whole small measuring spoon contains 2.5 ml of the drug (100 mg), and in the whole filled with a large 5 ml of the substance (200 mg).

After using the suspension, it is required to give the baby a drink of her liquid - in order to swallow the left in the oral cavity remnants of the drug.

[9], [10], [11]

Use of the zitrocin during pregnancy

Prescribe a drug in pregnancy is allowed only in those cases when the benefits for a woman will exceed the risk of complications in the fetus.

During the period of taking Zitrocin during lactation, it is required to refuse breastfeeding.

Contraindications

The main contraindications: hypersensitivity to the constituent elements of the medication and application to children, whose weight did not reach 10 kg.

[8]

Side effects of the zitrocin

In general, when taking medication, there is a rather low incidence of side effects. They mainly affect the intestinal tract: there are violations such as anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, and bloating. Occasionally, there was a temporary increase in liver transaminase activity.

There may be signs of allergies - such as urticaria, rashes, eosinophilia, as well as neutropenia / neutrophilia. Normalization of indicators is often observed after 2-3 weeks after the completion of the therapeutic course.

Overdose

As a result of intoxication, the victim may experience a feeling of weakness and a temporary loss of hearing, and besides this, severe vomiting with nausea, as well as diarrhea.

If necessary, perform gastric lavage, and then give the patient activated charcoal, do hemosorption and carry out procedures that restore the water-salt balance inside the body and remove irritations in the gastrointestinal tract.

Interactions with other drugs

When combined use of a drug with antacids, it is necessary to keep intervals between their methods at least 2 hours long.

Azithromycin is not synthesized with enzymes that enter the 450 gemprotein complex, which is different from many macrolides. Because of this, the drug almost does not interact with substances such as ergotamine and carbamazepine, and in addition, cyclosporine with digoxin and theophylline with other derivatives of xanthines, as well as triazolam, phenytoin, and orally administered anticoagulants.

Tetracycline with chloramphenicol potentiates the medicinal properties of azithromycin, but the lincosamides on the contrary weaken them.

[12], [13], [14]

Storage conditions

The suspension must be kept in a place that is closed from light and moisture and, at the same time, inaccessible to children. Storage temperatures are not more than 30 ° C.

[15], [16]

Shelf life

Zitrocin is allowed to use no more than 2 years from the date of release of the drug. At the same time, the finished suspension has a 5-day shelf life (it needs to be kept in the refrigerator).

[17],