Okupres

Ocupressure is an antiglaucoma drug from the group of β-blockers.

Indications of the ocupresa

Used in ophthalmology:

• to reduce high intraocular pressure;
• for the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma;
• glaucoma of the closed type (an auxiliary preparation in conjunction with drugs-miotics);
• the secondary form of glaucoma (among them also aphakic);
• glaucoma of the congenital type (if other medicinal measures did not work).

[1]

Release form

Produced in the form of eye drops (0.25%), in bottles-droppers with a volume of 5 ml. Inside a separate package contains 1 bottle of solution.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug is an indiscriminate β-blocker. As a result of its local use in ophthalmology, the level of normal and high intraocular pressure decreases. This is due to a decrease in the amount of produced intraocular fluid, as well as improving the processes of its outflow. The medicine does not cause the development of mydriasis and does not affect the accommodation of sight.

The drug has antihypertensive, antianginal, and antiarrhythmic properties, manifested in the case of systemic use. It also reduces the heart rate and automaticity of the sinus node, and in addition inhibits the AV-conductivity and reduces the oxygen demand of the myocardium and its contractility.

[2]

Pharmacokinetics

After the local use of drugs, it quickly passes through the cornea, after which a small part of it enters the circulatory system. This is due to the absorption of matter through the vessels of the conjunctiva, nasal mucous and mucous membranes of the lacrimal tract.

Dosing and administration

The size of the initial dosage is equal to the 1st drop of the solution (0.25%), which must be instilled in the damaged eye 2 times per day. With insufficient effectiveness of such a dose, it needs to be increased - apply a 0.5% solution (1 drop twice a day).

In case the parameters of intraocular pressure are normalized, it is required to transfer the patient to maintenance treatment - bury 1-drop drop once a day. The optimal option for testing the response to drugs is to measure the intraocular pressure several times, and do this at different times of the day (this is necessary, because pressure indicators vary under the influence of natural diurnal factors).

In the process of switching to timolol from other antiglaucoma drugs (but not β-blockers), the patient will need regular pressure measurement and close monitoring of the condition. On the 1st day, it is necessary to begin digging in the Ocuprese in combination with the medicine used (1 drop of timolol in the damaged eye 2 times per day). In the future, it is required to continue using Ocupres at the indicated dose, and the antiglaucoma drug used before it should be canceled.

In case of combined use of the drug with miotics (such as polycarpine), as well as with inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase and adrenomimetics, it is required to instill a solution (0.25%) in the amount of the 1st drop twice a day.

If you need to use large doses, you should apply a 0.5% solution - 1-drop 2 drops a day in a damaged eye.

The therapeutic course usually lasts for a maximum of 1 month.

[4]

Use of the ocupresa during pregnancy

There is no information on the efficacy and safety of this medication in pregnant women.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• bradycardia, heart failure in chronic form (2B-3 stages) and acute form of heart failure;
• sinoauric blockade and AV blockade (2nd and 3rd degree);
• SSSU, Raynaud's syndrome and other obliterating vascular pathologies;
• vasomotor runny nose, metabolic acidosis;
• decreased blood pressure;
• lactation period.

[3],

Side effects of the ocupresa

Use of the solution can cause such local side effects: the development of hyperemia or irritation in the skin of the eyelids and conjunctiva, and in addition, increased lachrymation, eye burning with itching and the appearance of photosensitivity. It is also possible the appearance of edema in the epithelial layer of the cornea, the development of ptosis, diplopia or dry eye syndrome, as well as corneal hypoesthesia and point epithelial erosion. In the period after performing penetrating antiglaucoma operations, an ocular retinal detachment may occur.

As a result of systemic use, bradycardia, heart failure, AV blockade and lowering blood pressure can develop. In addition, sleep disorders, nightmares, headaches, depression, asthenia, feelings of excitement, paresthesias and cooling of the limbs are possible. Diarrhea and vomiting with nausea, bronchial spasms and dyspnea are also possible, and in addition muscle weakness, exacerbation of psoriasis, the appearance of allergic symptoms on the skin and the development of dryness of the conjunctiva.

Overdose

Because of an overdose, general resorptive symptoms that are characteristic of β-adrenoblockers can develop: headaches with dizziness, bradycardia with arrhythmia, nausea, bronchial spasms and cardiac arrest.

To remove the violations, you should immediately perform eye wash - saline or ordinary water. Then symptomatic treatment is performed.

[5],

Interactions with other drugs

Combined use of the Ocupress with medicines of digitalis, Ca channel blockers, and also reserpine should be careful, because timolol maleate increases the effect of systemic β-blockers.

Timolol also improves the properties of muscle relaxants, which requires the withdrawal of the Ocupras at least 48 hours before the operation, in which general anesthesia is used.

When combined with epinephrine, in some cases, the pupil dilates may develop.

The combination with quinidine increases the manifestations of bradycardia.

[6], [7]

Storage conditions

The medicine must be kept in a place that is closed from light and moisture. Temperature values are within 15-25 ° C.

[8]

Shelf life

Ocupressure is suitable for use in the period of 2 years from the date of manufacture of the medicine. At the same time after opening the bottle, the expiration date is only 1 month.