Isoprinosine

Immunity is the main protective force of the body. If the immune system works without failures, even getting into the body, bacteria and viruses can not develop and multiply. If there are some violations in the work of the immune system and she is unable to cope with her duties, medicines that can support and enhance the immunity of a person come to the rescue, as, for example, the preparation with the immunostimulating and antiviral action "Isoprinosine" does.

Acquire the drug in the pharmacy can only be prescribed by a doctor.

[1], [2], [3]

Indications Isoprinosine

To effectively treat the bulk of diseases requires the joint work of medicines and the human body itself. Since many diseases have their development precisely against the backdrop of poor immunity, when the body is not able to fight a bacterial or viral infection, their treatment must begin with the activation of the body's defenses. One of the ways of such activation is the intake of immunostimulating drugs, such as "Isoprinosine".

Indications for the use of the drug "Isoprinosin" in connection with the above have a fairly extensive list:

• states indicating a weak immunity, in particular frequent relapses of infectious diseases,
• as part of a comprehensive treatment of infectious diseases under the common name of ARVI, including influenza virus,
• diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus: herpetic keratitis (ocular herpes) and labial (on the lips and nose) or genital herpes,
• diseases caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus: chickenpox (chicken pox) and shingles, which is also viral in nature, unlike other lichen species,
• a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is a special form of herpesvirus type 4 (infectious mononucleosis),
• cytomegaly or cytomegalovirus infection caused by the herpesvirus type 5,
• a severe course of such an infectious disease as measles, the causative agent of which is a virus from the family of paramyxoviruses,
• diseases associated with the human papillomavirus (warts and condylomas, including anogenital, caused by genital papillomavirus infection, sexually transmitted infections, fibrous papilloma of the larynx or vocal cords, cervical dysplasia in the presence of papillomavirus infection),
• a viral skin disease called molluscum contagiosum caused by the same virus as smallpox.

But that is not all. The use of the drug "Isoprinosine" is justified for chronic infectious diseases with localization in the respiratory or urinary system, viral bronchitis, hepatitis B and C, having a viral etiology, epidemic parotitis ("mumps"). The drug is also shown in such a "childhood" illness as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, which is a complication after the transmitted measles and caused by the same virus that was not completely destroyed in its time.

[4], [5]

Release form

The drug for maintaining the protective functions of the organism "Isoprinosin" has only one form of release. It is made in the form of tablets containing 500 mg of inosine pranobex (inosiplex), which is the active substance of the drug.

As auxiliary substances are: mannitol (diuretic) and wheat starch for 67 mg, povidone as an enterosorbent in the amount of 10 mg and magnesium stearate, or stearic acid for the uniform distribution of components in tablets (total 6 mg).

The drug is presented in the form of white oblong tablets, convex on both sides, which have one side of the risk and have a slight amine flavor.

Tablets are placed in blisters of 10 pcs. In each. Blisters are packaged in cardboard boxes of 2, 3 and 5 pieces. 

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacodynamics

"Isoprinosine" is a drug that stimulates human immunity to fight various infections, including viral infections. It is a synthetic derivative of purine, a nitrogen-containing substance that forms part of the human body and indirectly participates in many vital reactions in it.

Immunostimulating effect of the drug is due to its ability to restore the function of leukocytes in conditions of reduced immunity. It promotes the reproduction of monocytes (large leukocytes), increasing the sensitivity of membrane receptors in E-lymphocytes, which are responsible for the quality of the body's immune response to any external interference. The drug also protects lymphocytes from the negative effect of glucocorticosteroids, which can reduce the activity of cells of the immune system, and provides sufficient inclusion of thymidine, which increases their effectiveness.

The antiviral effect of the drug "Isoprinosine" is based on damage to the genetic machinery of the virus, which limits its ability to reproduce. In addition, the drug has a stimulating effect on macrophages that "devour and digest" foreign cells, including cells of a viral infection, activates the activity of cytokines responsible for the joint effective work of the nervous and immune systems, and the proliferation of cells of the immune system (T-lymphocytes) .

Apparent therapeutic and prophylactic effect of the drug is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of symptoms of the disease, rapid recovery of the body after the disease, increasing the body's resistance to negative influence from the outside.

[9], [10]

Pharmacokinetics

The oral administration of the drug is due to a good absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of the active substance, the maximum concentration of which is observed after 1-2 hours.

Metabolization of the inosiplex (active substance) occurs rather quickly, as a result of which uric acid is formed, as in the exchange reactions with respect to purines. The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys in the form of metabolites, not accumulating in the body. In the urine, metabolites can be detected within 2 days.

The half-life of the two components formed during the metabolism of the drug is 50 minutes and 3.5-4.5 hours.

[11], [12], [13], [14],

Dosing and administration

Immediately it is worth recalling that the main condition for the effective and safe intake of drugs is their use strictly according to the doctor's prescription and in a certain dosage. The method of administration and dose of drugs described in the instructions to them are approximate and somewhat averaged, since they do not take into account the individual characteristics of the organism of each individual patient.

The method of application specified in the instruction to the drug "Isoprinosin" means taking the tablets after meals. Drink them with a small amount of clean water.

On the recommendation of manufacturers, the daily dosage of the drug should be calculated based on the weight of the patient: for each kilogram of body weight should be 50 mg of the drug (for adults, about 6-8 tablets). Thus the daily dose should be divided into 3, and even 4 receptions. The maximum daily intake for adults is 4 g.

But by and large the dosage, the frequency of taking the drug and the duration of therapy should be calculated not only based on body weight, but also taking into account the diagnosis of the patient.

Therapy of severe infectious diseases may require an increase in the daily dosage of the drug to 100 mg per kg of body weight. Then the frequency of reception will be 4 to 6 times. Therapeutic course for acute diseases is from 5 days to 2 weeks. The drug is stopped after 2 days after the symptoms disappear completely. In the case of a chronic course of the disease with frequent relapses, therapy is conducted in courses of 5 to 10 days, between which an 8-day break is mandatory.

Supportive therapy involves the use of the drug for a month for 1-2 tablets a day.

If there is a herpetic infection, the pill should be taken 5 to 10 days until the symptoms of the disease disappear. To prevent recurrence of the disease, a preventive monthly course is recommended, when the drug is taken 2 times a day for 1 tablet.

To treat papillovmovirus infection, the drug is prescribed as a monotherapy. Adults take 2 tablets 3 times a day, the child's dosage is calculated individually at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight per day (divided into 3-4 admission). The duration of therapy is from 2 to 4 weeks.

In the chronic course of the disease and frequent relapses of anogenital condylomas, the therapeutic course is repeated three times. The interval between courses should be 1 month.

If a patient has dysplasia of the uterus, caused by papillomavirus, treatment with the drug as part of a complex therapy is carried out according to the scheme: 2 tablets 3 times a day with a course of 10 days. This course is repeated 2-3 times. The interval between courses should be at least 10 and not more than 14 days.

[19], [20], [21]

Use Isoprinosine during pregnancy

Use of the drug "Isoprinosin" during pregnancy and lactation is considered undesirable, although in contraindications to the use of this is not indicated. The fact is that studies of the effect of the drug on the course of pregnancy, as well as the health of the mother and fetus in humans have not been carried out, and therefore the risk of developing various pathologies can not be ruled out.

Contraindications

Sometimes, it would seem, the useful and relatively safe action of the drug can be turned into harm, if you do not take into account certain features of the drug associated with its composition and pharmacokinetics.

In the case of the drug "Isoprinozine", the contraindications for use associated with its pharmacokinetics include:

• chronic kidney failure,
• urolithiasis (stones in the bladder),
• younger children's age (up to 3 years) and a small body weight (up to 20 kg).

As for the composition of the drug, it can provoke unwanted reactions in patients with:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug,
• gout (the drug is a derivative of purine, the excess of which causes the development of the above disease).

Sometimes still note an arrhythmia, but this is a controversial issue. There is information that in the original instructions to the preparation produced by Hungary, this contraindication was not noted.

[15], [16]

Side effects Isoprinosine

Side effects of any drug, including the drug "Isoprinozin", are those unwanted symptoms that arise during therapy with this drug. Synthetic drugs usually have multiple side effects.

Side effects of "Isoprinozin" are reduced to:

• to abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of abdominal pain, nausea, often accompanied by vomiting, a brief increase in the activity of liver enzymes (transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), less often to disturbing the stool (diarrhea or constipation),
• skin reactions in the form of itching,
• reactions of the nervous system (pain in the head, palpable weakness and dizziness, less frequent sleep disturbances, manifested as daytime drowsiness and sleeplessness at night)
• development of polyuria (increased urination),
• frequent pain in the joints,
• exacerbation of gout,
• increase the level of uric acid in the blood.

[17], [18]

Overdose

Cases of overdose with the drug "Isoprinosin" in the manufacturer's instructions are not described. 

[22], [23], [24]

Interactions with other drugs

"Isoprinosine" is not recommended to be taken simultaneously with drugs that artificially suppress the human immune system (immunosuppressants), which is necessary in the treatment of some autoimmune pathologies. Such interaction will neutralize the effectiveness of both drugs, especially "Isoprinosine."

As a result of the metabolism of the drug "Isoprinosine", uric acid (urea) is formed. Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, as well as antidotal agents (including diuretics) also tend to increase the level of uric acid in the blood plasma. Significantly increased urea levels in the blood can cause the development of diseases such as gout, which limits the mobility of joints, urolithic and renal stone diseases, characterized by long-term treatment with a high probability of surgical intervention, and also lead to intoxication of the whole organism. For this reason, the joint use of the above described means and "Isoprinozine" is considered undesirable.

[25], [26], [27]

Storage conditions

To avoid premature deterioration of the drug and other undesirable consequences, it is necessary to observe certain storage conditions noted in the manufacturers instruction. Storage temperature should not exceed 25 degrees. Store "Isoprinozine" in your native packaging, placing it in a dark place without access to moisture and light. Keep away from children.

[28], [29]

Special instructions

To avoid complications caused by an increase in the level of urea in blood plasma, after a 2-week treatment with the drug "Isoprinosin" you need to make a control analysis for the blood uric acid content.

Long-term use of the drug (more than 28 days) should be carried out against a background of monthly monitoring of the liver and kidneys.

The drug does not affect memory and attention, so its reception can not adversely affect the performance of works that require increased concentration of attention.

[30], [31], [32],

Shelf life

The effectiveness of the drug persists for a shelf life of 5 years. 

[33], [34], [35]