Cyst of the tooth

The tooth cyst is a forced reaction of the body to the attack of a microbial infection in the gingival tissue and the jawbone tissue when the infected area is necrotic and surrounded by a blocking shell. Cystic formation is a cavity with contents, often purulent. Dimensions of education can be as small - no more than 3-5 millimeters, and large enough - up to 4-5 centimeters. A granuloma is a small cyst that can grow into a large neoplasm. Actually, granulomatous formation is the first stage of arresting the inflammation of the jawbone.

The tooth cyst can differentiate by species depending on where it is located and for what reason it developed. Most often, the tooth cyst affects the front, less often the wisdom teeth, and it also develops in the area of the maxillary sinuses.

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of the tooth cysts

• The tooth cyst on the root is radicular. If a person is diagnosed with tooth decay and then with periodontitis - chronic inflammation of the tissues, as well as bone tissue, the tooth loses stability, the granuloma develops and grows into a cyst. 
• Follicular formation, which develops due to infection of the dental epithelial congestion - the rudiment, from which the tooth is formed. The cyst of the tooth is formed in such a way that it is inside it. 
• If the tooth develops, it grows incorrectly, such a violation can provoke a keratokistu or a primary cyst that spreads through the interdental spaces, displacing the dentition. 
• Retromolar formation is a cyst, which, as a rule, is localized in the lower jaw, behind the teeth of wisdom. Provoke retromolar cysts chronic inflammation in the tissues surrounding the teeth. Cyst of the tooth as if covered by the erupting molar. 
• The cyst is residual, which is provoked by tooth extraction. 
• Cyst, provoked by a natural process - eruption, or more precisely - the appearance of the tooth. Most often occurs in early childhood.

Among the main causes of the appearance of cysts, dentists call the following: 

1. Caries. 
2. Infection of the pulp - connective tissue, tissues surrounding the tooth and bone tissue itself. 
3. Injuries caused by mechanical causes. 
4. Infection of the dental canals in the treatment of the tooth. 
5. Congenital malformations of the formation. 
6. Inflammatory, infectious pathologies of the nasopharynx. 
7. Prosthetics of untreated teeth, unsuccessfully matched crowns.

[4], [5]

Symptoms of the tooth cysts

The main danger of cysts is that the initial stage of their development, as a rule, is asymptomatic. Often the cyst of the teeth for years does not manifest itself with pain, edema, or inflammation of the gums, but the destructive process occurs daily.

The tooth may lighten slightly, it begins to shift. Granulomas, for which small sizes are characteristic, gradually increase and turn into full-blown cysts, which become noticeable when they reach a size of 2-3 centimeters. The cyst of the tooth begins to cause at first discomfort when eating, then the inflammatory process provokes pain, often increases the body temperature, lymph nodes increase. If the cyst of the tooth is not treated, the process develops rapidly, the cystic fluid increases, a flux appears (often with pus), the gingiva greatly swells.

Complications and consequences

• Acute, purulent inflammation in the root area is a purulent abscess. 
• Periodontal purulent abscess - abscess of gum. 
• Loss of teeth - they begin to fall out of the cavity of cystic education. 
• Periostitis (flux) is an inflammatory process in the periosteum. 
• Purulent inflammation in the tissues of the neck or face - phlegmon. 
• The inflammatory process in the tissues of the jaw is osteomyelitis. 
• Benign tumors in the tissues of the gums. 
• Sepsis.

If the cyst of the tooth develops, becomes inflamed and increases in size, it is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible. It is not recommended to engage in self-medication and perform the following actions, which can only aggravate the inflammatory process: 

• You can not warm the cyst, the inflamed gum, even the bandage can have a warming effect and provoke the spread of the infection throughout the mouth. 
• It is not recommended to take antibiotics alone. Uncontrolled use of drugs distorts the clinical picture, in addition, the choice of the drug should depend on the cause, which can only determine the doctor. 
• Anesthetics should be taken only in case of acute pain, it is not advisable to drink them two hours before the visit to the doctor, so as not to distort the clinical picture of the inflammatory process. 
• You can not conduct experiments on your health on the advice of friends and relatives, use the so-called alternative means, which can lead to formidable complications, up to the general infection of blood - sepsis.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Treatment of the tooth cysts

If cystic education is detected at an early stage of development, then treatment is usually conservative. Dental channels are subject to treatment - they are cleaned, washed with special medicinal solutions, and closed. Therapeutic method of treatment is suitable for neutralization of small cysts, the size of which does not exceed 7-8 millimeters. If the cyst of the tooth is large, it is removed by surgery. Modern dental techniques are aimed at maximum preservation of teeth, so the doctor chooses the most gentle method, which allows to remove the cyst and, if possible, leave the tooth. Most often, a gum resection is performed in the upper part of the root to remove damaged tissue. The cyst is completely neutralized. If the cyst is formed around the wisdom tooth, most often they are removed together. After surgery, swelling of the gums may persist, which resolves after two to three days, and the acute pain caused by the cyst disappears immediately. There may be painful sensations caused by resection, but they are incomparable in intensity with those that were caused by inflammation.

Prevention

With any anxiety symptom, irritation of the gums, aching pain, which can be tolerated, it is necessary to consult a dentist. Timely diagnosis of cysts is a guarantee of prompt and effective treatment of formations without the use of surgical instruments. The remaining recommendations are fairly standard - regular cleaning of teeth, use of high-quality toothpastes and solutions, rinses and mandatory scheduled visits to the dental clinic.

[10], [11], [12], [13]