Antibiotics for intestinal infections

Antibiotics for intestinal infection are needed when the patient is in a very serious condition, he has a fever and dehydration due to diarrhea and it is reliably known that the disease is not caused by the virus. Antibiotics do not work against viruses. If you chewed your nails or visited a patient with symptoms of an intestinal infection, then it is likely that it was passed on to you. Just do not immediately take the first antibiotic, you need to consult a doctor.

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Antibiotics for the treatment of intestinal infections

Antibiotics for intestinal infections are justified only in 20% of cases. Here are some preparations.

Rifaximin is an antibiotic of non-systemic action, practically not absorbed. The drug is safe for both adults and children, for pregnant women, for the elderly. Antibiotics have changed the look at how to treat infections. Rifaximin prevents complications and lethality in intestinal infections. Other antibiotics from this group are: Bancomycin, Bacitracin, Ramoplanin, Neomycin.

You can use one of these drugs. Do not suppress diarrhea and vomiting. So the body is cleared of poisons, which excrete pathogens of infection. You can drink rehydron, diluting one sachet in a liter of water. It will help repair the loss of fluid. Drink fruit juices, chicken broth, eat rusks, blueberries, currants. To restore the microflora, ask your doctor to prescribe probiotics for you: Probiophore, Beefistim.

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Indications for use of antibiotics for intestinal infections

As you know, children carelessly treat everything that surrounds them. And the younger the child, the greater the spread of intestinal infections. About 40 pathogens cause diarrhea, among them 5 viruses, with them antibiotics are ineffective. Indications for prescribing antibiotics in children are: severe diarrhea, intestinal infection against the background of blood cancer and immunodeficiency. For a child in a light state, tablets are in any case better than injections. A great popularity in pediatrics began to use the antibiotic Cefix. Its bioavailability is 40-50%. It is in the form of a suspension for toddlers and tablets for older children. The dose is mg / kg per day. The dose should be divided into two doses with equal intervals and drink an antibiotic for at least 5 days. When treating intestinal infections, we often come across two very harmful extremes: either an antibiotic is not prescribed, when it is needed, or is prescribed to all indiscriminately. A lot of today there are bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, and all because they are appointed very often. Along with antibiotic therapy, oral rehydration with oralit, rehydron, super-ORS should be performed. Anti-diarrhea and antiemetics such as imodium and cerucal should be used very carefully. Diarrhea and vomiting remove microorganisms from the intestine, you do not need to prevent it. This - a kind of protective mechanism of the body, the wise nature has thought of everything. Smecta protects the intestines and sorpts toxins. It well "collects" also viruses in viral diarrhea. Viral diarrhea is usually combined with nausea, vomiting and runny nose. Substitution therapy with enzyme preparations and antiviral drugs may be prescribed: Arbidol-Lens (0.05 g-0.1 g 3-4 times a day for 7 days) and suppositories Kipferon (for infants - 1 soup per day, for children from 1 to 3 years - 1 soup 2 times a day, from 3 years - 3 times a day for 7 days).

With intestinal infections, dysbiosis almost always develops. And irrational administration of antibiotics can lead to its amplification and prolonged bacteriocarrier.

Form of issue

Antibiotics for intestinal infections exist in the form of tablets, suspensions and capsules.

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Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics for intestinal infections

For example, consider the drug tetracycline, which has been prescribed for many years by doctors, despite the fact that there are other antibiotics for intestinal infections. It has a bacteriostatic effect on leptospira, large viruses and amoebas. Representative of tetracycline antibiotics is also doxycycline. It breaks the synthesis of protein in the cells of microorganisms. It is used for enterococcus, brucella, Shengella, salmonella, campylobacteria.

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics for intestinal infections

Take for example the same doxycycline.

Bioavailability of doxycycline is 97-98%. The maximum concentration is reached in 2-2.5 hours. After 20-45 minutes after administration, doxycycline can already be detected in the liver, lungs, bones, bile. Penetrates the placenta and female milk. Metabolism of doxycycline occurs in the liver. It is allocated with feces, to a lesser extent - with urine.

Antibiotics for intestinal infections in children

Food and water in summer quickly deteriorate. They are not sterile, which means that they contain bacteria, including those dangerous to your baby's stomach and intestines. Yes, children are particularly vulnerable due to imperfections in the immune system. Their body is literally attacked by millions of microscopic malicious monsters. Nature has given us many ways to defeat them. Even special blood cells, which they tidy. Both saliva and gastric juice are all the first obstacles in the way of microbes after ingesting food. But there are survivable microbes, which still manage to overcome all barriers. Especially dangerous are salmonella and typhoid fever. The first sign is diarrhea and vomiting, there may be a fever, but always. The patient should always provide a separate dish. Immediately after the onset of symptoms, there is no question of any reception of even light food. But the reserves of liquid, which is actively lost, you need to replenish. Suitable as ordinary water, and tea, and broth of wild rose. It is from the loss of fluids in diarrhea that 2 million children die each year in the world! Children up to 3 months with intestinal infections, antibiotics are appointed pediatrician almost always. We can recommend the antibiotic that Ukraine produces together with Spain, he called Lecor. Children from 2 to 6 months give a suspension on a teaspoon twice a day, for older children (up to 5 years) - 3 times. After 5 years, give the tablets Lekor, 200 mg 4 times a day. It is enough to drink them for 5 days. They do not have a harmful effect on the intestinal flora.

Another good antibiotic is Cefixime. The suspension is given at a rate of 8 mg / kg 1 time. Capsules - 400 mg 1 time. Course - 5 days.

Azithromycin is given at the rate of 10 mg per kg of body weight. At day 3, a dose of 5 mg / kg is sufficient. The course of treatment is 5 days.

For 5-10 days you can completely restore the intestinal microflora with the help of probiotics.

If the doctor insists on treatment in the hospital, you should not refuse. As a rule, they put them in a hospital with convulsions and dehydration. In the hospital, the child is given a rational diet, antibiotics, enzymes and probiotics. If the temperature rises, give paracetamol. Before the doctor comes, Smektu is allowed to drink. But activated charcoal is not worth it, since it stains the feces black, and gastric or intestinal bleeding can be missed. You can solder a child with rice decoction or a decoction of raisins. Remember that for an infant during this period the best food is mother's milk. It will help the baby recover, increase immunity.

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Antibiotics for acute intestinal infection

Most often there are intestinal infections caused by E. Coli, salmonella and lamblia.

In acute intestinal infections, the basis of therapy is diet and antibiotics. The diet consists of products that slow down peristalsis: blueberries, strong tea, cottage cheese, biscuits, rice. Raw vegetables and fruits can not be eaten. Antibiotics for intestinal infections caused by salmonella are usually fluoroquinolones (for example, Norfloxacin 0.4 g every 12 hours for 3-5 days or Ciprofloxacin 0.5 g every 12 hours for 3-5 days). With typhoid and paratyphoid - Ciprofloxacin 0.5 g every 12 hours for 10 days. With cholera - 1 g of ciprofloxacin once or 0.3 g of Doxycycline once. When the E. Coli antibiotics give impotent. With giardiasis, Metronidazole 0.25 mg is shown after 8 hours one week. Indications for antibiotic therapy in all cases are signs of inflammation in the stool: white blood cells, mucus, blood and high ESR in the blood test, fever. In other cases, antibiotics are not indicated. If you suspect a cholera, antibiotic therapy is always necessary.

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Dosing and Administration

For example, consider the drug Ofloxacin. Its maximum concentration in the blood is reached after 1-2 hours. Detected in the skin, bones, respiratory system, saliva, half-life - 5-7 hours, most of it is excreted by the kidneys. Take cautiously for violations of cerebral circulation. Tablets are drunk entirely, 200-800 mg per day (adult dose) 7-10 days. Children - only according to vital indications: 7.5 mg / kg. Possible intravenous drip for 30 - 60 minutes. In a dose of 200 mg.

Cefotaxime is classified as cephalosporin. The half-life of the drug is 1h. 60% is excreted by the kidneys. Effective against salmonella, shigella and clostridia. Side effects: headache, arrhythmia, violation of the picture of blood, kidney function, vomiting, flatulence, stomatitis. It is impossible to combine cefotaxime with other antibiotics in one syringe. Adults usually enter intravenously 1-2 g after 8-12 hours.

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Use of antibiotics for intestinal infections during pregnancy

Antibiotics for intestinal infections are prescribed very rarely, when the possible risk of infection for the mother and fetus is greater than the risk of taking medications. Drugs for choice can be nonabsorbable antibiotics, for example, Alpha Normix. When it is received, there are no systemic effects. The drug belongs to the group of rifamycins. Effective in shigella, salmonella, proteus, cholera, clostridia. Take it 1 tablet every 8 hours. The course of treatment is 7 days. You can also prescribe Amoxicillin and Ceftizine to pregnant women. Amoxicillin should be drunk 500 mg 3 times a day.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for intestinal infections

Antibiotics for intestinal infections of the fluoroquinolones are not recommended for children under 2 years. Caution is also prescribed in adolescence. This is due to their negative effect on the musculoskeletal system. Do not prescribe to pregnant women.

Azithromycin and other drugs based on erythromycin are contraindicated in pregnant and lactating mothers. All antibiotics are cautiously prescribed to patients with liver and kidney damage.

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Side effects of antibiotics for intestinal infections

No antibiotics without side effects. They are often allergic, they have a bad effect on blood, liver and kidneys. Therefore, antibiotics for intestinal infections should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor! Only in this case we can talk about their safety, because the doctor is responsible for their appointments.

Overdose

An overdose of antibiotics for intestinal infections, in particular, Cefotaxime, is manifested by convulsions and encephalopathy, with the intake of ofloxacin in high doses, dizziness, drowsiness, and retardation are possible. Unfortunately, there is no antidote against antibiotics, treatment should be symptomatic and aimed at removing the drug by washing the stomach.

Conditions of storage of antibiotics for intestinal infections

Antibiotics for intestinal infections are stored at room temperature. But there are exceptions. So read the instructions.

Antibiotics for intestinal infections are not always prescribed, only if the patient's condition is very severe, or if the pathogen poses a serious danger to others, for example, with cholera.

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