Zirid

Zirid is a drug that stimulates peristalsis.

Indications of the zirida

It is used in the treatment of dyspeptic manifestations and abnormalities of the gastrointestinal function: sensation of gastric overflow, flatulence, discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, and in addition, with heartburn, vomiting and loss of appetite with nausea.

Release form

The release occurs in tablets, in an amount of 10 pieces inside the blister. In a separate pack contains 4 or 10 blister packs with tablets.

Pharmacodynamics

Elythropride hydrochloride promotes the activation of GI motility - by antagonizing the D2-receptors of dopamine, as well as the slowing down of acetylcholinesterase. The active drug component activates the process of releasing the element acetylcholine, and also slows its degradation.

In addition, the drug has anti-emetic properties - due to interaction with the D2 receptors inside the chemoreceptor-trigger region. The active component of the drug contributes to gastric emptying (achieved due to a specific effect on the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract).

Etymoprid hydrochloride does not affect the gastrin levels inside the serum.

Pharmacokinetics

The medicine is almost completely and fairly quickly absorbed inside the digestive tract. The level of relative bioavailability is approximately 60% (because of the effect of the 1 st hepatic transmission - the so-called presystemic metabolism). Eating does not affect bioavailability. Inside the plasma peak values of the drug are observed after 30-45 minutes (in case of 50 mg of the drug).

With the repeated use of medicines in portions in the range of 50-200 mg (reception three times a day), the linearity of the pharmacokinetic properties of the active ingredient with its decay products (within the 7-day course of therapy) was found to be minimal with a minimum accumulation of the substance.

Protein synthesis inside the blood plasma is about 96%. The process is carried out mainly with the help of albumins. Also, the drug is synthesized with α-1-acid glycoprotein (less than 15%).

Most of the drug is distributed within a variety of tissues (distribution volume index: 6.1 l / kg), excluding the central nervous system. High values of the substance reaches inside the small intestine, kidneys, stomach, as well as the adrenal glands with the liver. In the central nervous system, only a small part of the drug penetrates. It is also emitted into mother milk.

The drug is undergoing intensive hepatic metabolism. Three products of drug disintegration were found, among which only one has a weak activity, which has no medicinal significance (about 2-3% of the medicinal action of the active substance). The main product of the decomposition is the N-oxide, formed by oxidation of the tertiary category of amino-N-dimethyls.

Metabolism of the drug occurs with the help of flavin-containing multi-oxygenase (FMO). The efficacy and number of human FMO isoenzymes may be different due to genetic polymorphism, which can lead to a rare disorder of the autosomal recessive type - trimethylaminuria. The half-life of the substance in people with this disorder may last longer.

In pharmacokinetic tests in vivo using CYP-mediated reactions, it was found that the active ingredient of the preparation does not have either inducing or retarding effects on the elements of CYP2C19, as well as CYP2E1. In addition, the use of isopride hydrochloride did not affect the content of CYP-enzymes and the activity of the UGT1A1 element.

Most of the active substance of the drug and its decay products are excreted in the urine. In the case of a single dose of volunteers in a standard dose, excretion (under the guise of an active drug substance and N-oxide) was 3.7% and 75.4%, respectively.

The half-lead time is about 6 hours.

Dosing and administration

The size of the total daily dose of the drug is 150 mg (taking 1 tablet three times a day before eating). It is also allowed to reduce this dosage to 0.5 tablets three times a day (taking into account the course of the disease). In general, tablets should be taken at approximately the same length of time. The medicine is consumed without chewing and washed down with water.

The duration of the course is determined by the attending doctor, taking into account the severity of the disease. However, it can not last longer than 2 months.

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Use of the zirida during pregnancy

There is no data on whether it is safe to take Zirid during pregnancy. Because of this, the use of the drug in a given period of time must be abandoned. Also, before you start taking drugs, you need to make sure that the patient is not pregnant.

There is no information about the use of drugs in the lactation period, which is why it is recommended that lactating women refuse to use tablets.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• intolerance of the active drug component, as well as any of its additional elements;
• problems in the gastrointestinal tract - perforation, impaired patency or the development of bleeding.

Side effects of the zirida

Taking a medication can cause some side effects:

• violations of the function of blood flow and lymph: sometimes develops leukopenia. Occasionally - neutropenia. There may be thrombocytopenia;
• immune disorders: anaphylactoid symptoms may occur;
• manifestations from the NA: sometimes there is dizziness, but in addition, sleep disorders and headaches. Perhaps the development of tremors;
• reactions of the gastrointestinal tract: sometimes there are abdominal pain, constipation, hypersalivation and diarrhea. It is possible to develop dryness of the oral mucosa and the appearance of nausea;
• disorders in the hepatobiliary system: jaundice may develop;
• disorders of the urinary system and kidneys: sometimes there are problems with urination in persons with prostatic hypertrophy, and the increase in the creatinine with urea nitrogen;
• damage to the subcutaneous layer and skin: occasionally there is itching, redness and rash;
• Dysfunction of ODA and connective tissues: sometimes there are pain in the back or sternum;
• problems in the endocrine system: sometimes there is an increase in prolactin levels. Possible development of galactorrhea or gynecomastia;
• systemic disorders: sometimes there is a feeling of fatigue;
• mental disorders: sometimes there is a feeling of irritability;

Indications of laboratory tests: it is possible to increase the parameters of ALT, AST, GGTP, bilirubin, and also alkaline phosphatase.

Overdose

At the moment there is no information about cases of drug poisoning.

In case of an overdose, it is required to perform standard procedures for such situations - gastric lavage and elimination of symptoms of disorders.

Interactions with other drugs

When the drug is combined with diazepam, nifedipine and wafarin, and in addition substances ticlopidine, nicardipine chloride and diclofenac, no pharmacological interactions have occurred.

At the level of the hemoprotein P450, interactions should also not be expected, because the drug is metabolized by the element of the FMO.

Itopride has a gastrokinetic effect that can affect the absorption of oral medications consumed with Zirid. Particularly carefully in this case, it is required to monitor the indices of drugs with a narrow spectrum of drug exposure, drugs that have a delayed release process of the active ingredient, and agents whose dosage form has a gastric dissolution shell.

Cholinolytic ligaments can reduce the effectiveness of the drug.

The elements ranitidine, cetraxate, as well as cimetidine with terrenone, do not affect the prokinetic properties of the taredropus.

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Storage conditions

No special conditions are required to store the drug. Keep out of the reach of small children.

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Special instructions

Reviews

Zirid has fairly good reviews about drug efficacy. Patients note that with a feeling of heaviness and overcrowding in the stomach, as well as with flatulence, the medicine works best. Quickly it eliminates and heartburn - in some days of reception of tablets. There is also a rapid normalization of intestinal peristalsis and a return of appetite.

Shelf life

Zirid can be used in the period of 3 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.