Zinnat

Zinnat is a cephalosporin antibiotic, it belongs to the category of the second generation of antibiotic medicines.

Indications of the zinnata

It is used in the process of eliminating infections that were provoked by individual bacteria that have hypersensitivity to the drug:

• lesions of the lower or upper parts of the respiratory tract: bronchiectasis of the infected type, bronchitis (both acute and chronic stage), bacterial form of pneumonia, and in addition pulmonary abscess and infections developed as a result of operations made inside the sternum;
• ENT pathology: otitis media in the acute stage, and in addition tonsillitis, sinusitis or pharyngitis;
• diseases in the urogenital system: urethritis with cystitis or pyelonephritis (acute or chronic stage), bacteriuria that occurs without symptoms. Also used for gonorrhea (this includes cervicitis and urethritis of acute uncomplicated form caused by gonococci);
• lesions of the subcutaneous layer with the skin surface: pyoderma, as well as impetigo or furunculosis;
• for the treatment of prostatitis, peritonitis, as well as meningitis or sepsis.

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Release form

Release in granules (for the manufacture of oral suspension, a bottle of 100 ml) or tablets (10 pieces inside the blister).

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Pharmacodynamics

The drug has a large range of medicinal effects, it has bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic properties, destroying the process of binding the walls of bacterial cells. The active element of the drug is cefuroxime, which acetylates membrane-bound transpeptidases. This helps the drug to destroy the cross-synthesis of peptidoglycans, which ensures the rigidity and strength of the cell walls. Zinnat is resistant to many β-lactamases.

Cefuroxime displays a drug activity against:

• aerobes from the Gram-positive subgroup: epidermal staphylococci (here also include strains with penicillin resistance, excluding rare methicillin-resistant elements), golden staphylococci, pyogenic streptococci (and other beta-hemolytic type streptococci), streptococci mitis, pneumococci, pertussis sticks and streptococci from subclass B (streptococcus agalactia);
• aerobes from the Gram-negative subgroup: Klebsiella with Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Providence Rettger, gonococci (including penicillinase-producing strains) with meningococci and Influenza (also ampicillin resistant elements) in this list with Haemophilus parainfluenzae;
• anaerobes: peptostreptococci with peptococci, fusobacteria with clostridia and propionibacteria, borrelia of Burgdorfer with bacteroides.

[3], [4]

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is absorbed inside the gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyzing it on the intestinal mucosa and then penetrating into the bloodstream in the form of cefuroxime. Absorption becomes more complete if the medicine is taken with food. About 50% of the substance undergoes protein synthesis inside the plasma. The maximum serum levels are determined after 2-3 hours after drug use.

The medication is able to pass through the placenta and excreted together with the mother's milk. Medically significant indices inside the cerebrospinal substance reach only in the treatment of meningitis.

Excretion of cefuroxime occurs unchanged through the kidneys - by filtering the glomeruli, as well as the secretion of the tubules.

[5], [6], [7]

Dosing and administration

It is recommended to consume drugs with food or immediately after taking it. Selection of dosages and treatment course is handled by a doctor in charge - for each scheme is individual. On average, therapy lasts for about 1 week.

Average sizes of standard medical dosages:

• when elimination of lesions in the lower part of the respiratory system (moderate or mild form): two-time intake of 250 mg per day (adult); double intake of 40-60 mg per day (infants 3-6 months); double intake of 60-120 mg per day (children 0.5-2 years); double intake of 125 mg per day (children 2-12 years old);
• elimination of lesions in the lower part of the respiratory system (severe) or treatment of otitis media: two-time intake of 0.5 grams per day (adult); two-time intake of 60-90 mg per day (infants 3-6 months); 2-time intake of 90-180 mg per day (children 0.5-2 years); 2-time intake of 180-250 mg per day (children 2-12 years old);
• elimination of pathologies in the area of the urogenital tract: 2-fold use of 125 mg of the drug per day (adult);
• treatment of pyelonephritis: 2-time intake of 250 mg Zinnat per day (adults);
• therapy for gonorrhea of uncomplicated type: 1-time use of the 1st g of drugs (adults).

[10], [11]

Use of the zinnata during pregnancy

The corresponding tests for the effect of cefuroxime on the fetus in the womb were not performed. Zinnat can be appointed exclusively by a doctor who treats, provided that the likely benefits for a woman will be more anticipated than the risk of developing fetal adverse reactions. Very undesirable is the use of drugs on the 1 st trimester during organogenesis.

Cefuroxime penetrates into the mother's milk, and therefore it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding for the duration of therapy.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• intolerance of the elements contained in the drug;
• a history of allergy to penicillins;
• disease or bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (this includes the ulcerative form of colitis nonspecific type);
• infants less than 3 months old.

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Side effects of the zinnata

Taking the drug can cause some side effects:

• disorders of the function of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system: vomiting with nausea, as well as diarrhea. In addition, hepatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, and a transient increase in hepatic enzyme activity;
• disorders in the hematopoietic system: the appearance of eosinophilia, hemolytic form of anemia, leuko- or thrombocytopenia, and hypoprothrombinemia;
• lesions of the central nervous system: a feeling of drowsiness, and in addition disorders of auditory function, headaches and cramps;
• allergy symptoms: itching, fever, hives and rashes. Single occurrence of anaphylaxis was noted;
• others: the development of vaginosis, candidiasis or dysbiosis, but also tubulointerstitial nephritis.

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Overdose

Among the manifestations of intoxication: the appearance of seizures and the excitation of CNS reactions.

The drug has no antidote. You can withdraw cefuroxime by hemodialysis. Standard symptomatic treatment is also performed.

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Interactions with other drugs

Cefuroxime inhibits the activity of intestinal microflora and weakens the binding process of vitamin K.

Combination with drugs that reduce blood flow can lead to bleeding.

Zinnat potentiates the properties of anticoagulant drugs.

Combination with diuretics of the loop type increases the likelihood of a nephrotoxic effect.

[15], [16]

Storage conditions

Zinnat should be kept in a place where moisture does not penetrate, provided that the temperature does not exceed 25 ° C. At the same time, the finished LS suspension can be contained in the refrigerator, at a temperature in the range of 2-8 ° C.

[17], [18]

Special instructions

Reviews

Zinnat is popular with parents - they often buy medicine to treat children and are satisfied with the result. The reviews demonstrate that after a few days of therapy, the condition of the patient with infectious lesions improved significantly. Among the advantages mentioned was the convenience of the drug (in the form of a suspension) in use.

Side effects are noted quite rarely - mostly they arise as headaches or allergies.

The disadvantage of the drug is that many adult patients, as well as parents of children taking an antibiotic, noted the need for probiotics at the end of the treatment course using Zinnat.

Shelf life

Zinnat is allowed to be used in the period of 2 years from the date of release of the drug. The finished suspension can be kept in the refrigerator for a maximum of 10 days.

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