Zinnat

Zinnat is a cephalosporin antibiotic, belongs to the category of 2nd generation antibiotic drugs.

Indications Zinnata

It is used in the process of eliminating infections that were caused by certain bacteria that are hypersensitive to the drug:

• lesions of the lower or upper respiratory tract: infected bronchiectasis, bronchitis (both acute and chronic), bacterial pneumonia, as well as pulmonary abscess and infections that develop as a result of operations performed inside the sternum;
• ENT pathologies: otitis media in the acute stage, as well as tonsillitis, sinusitis or pharyngitis;
• diseases of the urogenital system: urethritis with cystitis or pyelonephritis (acute or chronic stages), asymptomatic bacteriuria. Also used for gonorrhea (this includes cervicitis and acute uncomplicated urethritis caused by gonococci);
• lesions of the subcutaneous layer with the surface of the skin: pyoderma, as well as impetigo or furunculosis;
• for the treatment of prostatitis, peritonitis, as well as meningitis or sepsis.

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Release form

Available in granules (for the preparation of oral suspension; 100 ml bottle) or tablets (10 pieces inside a blister).

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Pharmacodynamics

The drug has a wide range of medicinal effects, it has bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties, destroying the process of binding the walls of bacterial cells. The active element of the drug is cefuroxime, which acetylates membrane-bound transpeptidases. This helps the drug destroy the cross-synthesis of peptide glycans, which ensures the rigidity and strength of cell walls. Zinnat is resistant to many β-lactamases.

Cefuroxime exhibits medicinal activity against:

• aerobes from the gram-positive subgroup: epidermal staphylococci (this also includes strains with resistance to penicillin, excluding rare methicillin-resistant elements), Staphylococcus aureus, pyogenic streptococci (and other β-hemolytic streptococci), Streptococcus mitis, pneumococci, whooping cough bacilli and streptococci from subclass B (Streptococcus agalactiae);
• aerobes from the gram-negative subgroup: Klebsiella with Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Providence Roettger, gonococci (this includes strains that produce the substance penicillinase) with meningococci and influenza bacilli (this list also includes elements resistant to ampicillin) with Haemophilus parainfluenzae;
• anaerobes: peptostreptococci with peptococci, fusobacteria with clostridia and propionibacteria, borrelia burgdorferi with bacteroides.

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Pharmacokinetics

The drug is absorbed inside the gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyzing on the intestinal mucosa and then penetrating into the bloodstream in the form of cefuroxime. Absorption becomes more complete if the drug is taken with food. About 50% of the substance undergoes protein synthesis inside the plasma. Maximum serum levels are determined after 2-3 hours after taking the drug.

The drug is able to pass through the placenta and be excreted with mother's milk. The substance reaches medicinally significant indicators in the cerebrospinal fluid only when treating meningitis.

Excretion of cefuroxime occurs unchanged through the kidneys, via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

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Dosing and administration

It is recommended to take the medicine with food or immediately after taking it. The attending physician selects dosages and treatment course - each patient has an individual regimen. On average, therapy lasts about 1 week.

Average sizes of standard therapeutic dosages:

• for the treatment of lesions in the lower respiratory tract (moderate or mild): 250 mg twice daily (for adults); 40-60 mg twice daily (for infants 3-6 months); 60-120 mg twice daily (for children 0.5-2 years old); 125 mg twice daily (for children 2-12 years old);
• elimination of lesions in the lower respiratory tract (in severe form) or treatment of otitis media: twice a day, 0.5 g of the drug (for adults); twice a day, 60-90 mg (for infants 3-6 months); twice a day, 90-180 mg (for children 0.5-2 years old); twice a day, 180-250 mg (for children 2-12 years old);
• elimination of pathologies in the urogenital tract: 2-fold use of 125 mg of the drug per day (for adults);
• treatment of pyelonephritis: 250 mg of Zinnat twice a day (for adults);
• therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea: 1-time administration of 1 g of drug (for adults).

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Use Zinnata during pregnancy

There have been no relevant tests for the effect of cefuroxime on the fetus in the womb. Zinnat can only be prescribed by the attending physician, provided that the probable benefit to the woman is more expected than the risk of developing adverse reactions in the fetus. The use of the drug in the 1st trimester during organogenesis is considered very undesirable.

Cefuroxime penetrates into breast milk, therefore it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding during therapy.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• intolerance to the elements contained in the drug;
• history of allergy to penicillins;
• diseases or bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (this includes ulcerative colitis of a non-specific type);
• infants under 3 months of age.

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Side effects Zinnata

Taking the drug may cause some side effects:

• Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system dysfunction: vomiting with nausea, as well as diarrhea. In addition, hepatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis and transient increase in liver enzyme activity;
• disorders in the functioning of the hematopoietic system: the appearance of eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, as well as hypoprothrombinemia;
• damage to the central nervous system: a feeling of drowsiness, as well as hearing impairment, headaches and convulsions;
• Allergy symptoms: itching, fever, urticaria and rashes. Anaphylaxis has been reported sporadically;
• others: development of vaginosis, candidiasis or dysbacteriosis, and also tubulointerstitial nephritis.

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Overdose

Manifestations of intoxication include the appearance of convulsions and excitation of central nervous system reactions.

The drug has no antidote. Cefuroxime can be removed by hemodialysis. Standard symptomatic treatment is also performed.

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Interactions with other drugs

Cefuroxime inhibits the activity of intestinal microflora and weakens the processes of vitamin K binding.

Combination with drugs that reduce blood clotting may lead to bleeding.

Zinnat potentiates the properties of anticoagulant drugs.

Combined use with loop diuretics increases the likelihood of a nephrotoxic effect.

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Storage conditions

Zinnat should be kept in a place where moisture does not penetrate, at a temperature of no more than 25°C. At the same time, the prepared suspension of the drug can be kept in the refrigerator, at a temperature of 2-8°C.

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Special instructions

Reviews

Zinnat is popular with parents - they often buy the medicine to treat their children and are satisfied with the result. Reviews show that after just a few days of therapy, the patient's condition with infectious lesions significantly improved. Among the advantages, the convenience of the medicine (in the form of a suspension) in use was also mentioned.

Side effects are observed quite rarely - they mainly occur in the form of headaches or allergies.

A disadvantage of the drug is that many adult patients, as well as parents of children who took the antibiotic, noted the need to use probiotics after completing the course of treatment using Zinnat.

Shelf life

Zinnat is allowed to be used for a period of 2 years from the date of manufacture of the medicine. The finished suspension can be kept in the refrigerator for a maximum of 10 days.

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