What is cystitis?

Cystitis is an infectious inflammatory process of the bladder wall, more often localized in its mucous membrane. This is one of the most frequent urological diseases, which is a serious medical problem due to the often frivolous attitude towards the treatment of cystitis on the part of patients and so widespread self-treatment. Today, acute cystitis affects every second woman and every third man. The only difference is that acute cystitis in women, most often, is an independent disease. In men, acute cystitis in most cases accompanies such serious diseases as prostatitis and prostate adenoma.

What causes cystitis?

Cystitis is a multi-causative disease, but the leading cause is an infection. Cystitis of other origin is rare. The causative agents of cystitis can be bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, fungi of the genus Candida, Trichomonas, anaerobic microorganisms, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pale treponema and others. As a rule, uncomplicated urinary tract infection is caused by one microorganism, with chronic cystitis often defined mixed flora.

Most uropathogenic bacteria that cause cystitis live in the large intestine and rectum. From this point of view, cystitis refers to autoinfection - diseases caused by its own conditionally pathogenic microbial flora, which acquires pathogenic properties under unfavorable conditions for the body.

Most often, inflammation of the bladder causes a nonspecific microbial flora. First of all, these are gram-negative enterobacteria: E. Coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteria. From gram-positive there are: staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus. Despite the fact that cystitis can cause different types of microorganisms, the leading one is the E. Coli.

But in order to create cystitis is not enough presence in the body of the pathogen. There should be presumptive factors from the side of the bladder, the environment and the whole organism as a whole. One of the main causes associated with the onset of cystitis is the general hypothermia of the body, especially for the female body. During supercooling, the resistance of the infection decreases, local immunity decreases. As a result, an inflammatory reaction develops. Other factors that provoke the development of this disease include avitaminosis, persistent viral infections, and general overwork of the body.

What complications of cystitis can there be?

After improper treatment (or non-treatment) of cystitis, the following complications may occur:

• elevation of infection in the upper parts of the urinary system;
• acute cystitis passes into a chronic form (in 25-40% of newly infected women, acute cystitis becomes chronic (three or more exacerbations per year);
• deformation of the urethra.

With a prolonged course of cystitis, the infection from the bladder enters the kidneys, which can lead to the development of pyelonephritis - inflammation of the kidney tissue (40% of cases of chronic cystitis is complicated by pyelonephritis). Acute pyelonephritis (or chronic in the acute stage) is manifested by high fever and low back pain on one side. Sometimes pyelonephritis is bilateral, and this situation is already life-threatening. Pyelonephritis, as a rule, is treated seriously, often in the hospital, conduct a thorough diagnosis, massive therapy and rehabilitation. Therefore, when symptoms of acute pyelonephritis appear, it is necessary to urgently contact a specialist (urologist or nephrologist) if the temperature is not high, and at high temperature - call an ambulance.

Complex treatment of cystitis

• Inflammation of the bladder is just the disease that women are used to treating themselves ...

Cystitis is indeed considered more a woman's disease. The reason for this is more anatomical structure of the female body:

• • The urethra is short, its length is not more than 5 cm.
  • The vagina is closely located from the anus. This creates a favorable environment for the spread of microbes into the bladder, as well as into the lumen of the urethra.
  • Pregnancy and childbirth, in which blood circulation in the walls of the bladder, as well as in the small pelvis is disrupted.
  • Decreased local immunity.

In recent decades, the social, economic, political, creative activity of women has intensified, and as a result, the woman began to pay less and less attention to the timely and qualitative resolution of health problems. In everyday practice, there is often a frivolous attitude towards the treatment of cystitis by patients, and sometimes by doctors. To some extent this is facilitated by the term itself - an uncomplicated infection, which means easy, not serious. Often patients are engaged in self-medication. As a result, the symptoms disappear, and the disease remains and more than 60% of cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis remains without proper treatment. For this reason, many diseases turn into chronic forms and give complications.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]