Threatened miscarriage - main causes, symptoms and treatment

The reasons for the threat of miscarriage can be very diverse. According to statistics, up to 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage.

There are early miscarriages - up to 12 weeks and late ones - from 12 to 22 weeks of pregnancy. In case of spontaneous termination of pregnancy from 23 to 37 weeks, this process is called premature birth.

Causes of threatened miscarriage

The following reasons are distinguished that threaten miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy:

1. Genetic defects in the embryo that are incompatible with life. According to statistics, this is the reason for the threat of miscarriage in about 70%. Genetic disorders are not hereditary, but arise as a result of certain mutations in the germ cells of a man and a woman due to the action of exogenous factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs). It is not possible to prevent miscarriage associated with genetic mutations; it is only possible to reduce the risk of genetic defects in the fetus in advance, before pregnancy, by eliminating mutagenic factors.
2. Hormonal disorders in women associated with insufficient production of the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for the onset, maintenance and progression of pregnancy. It is possible to prevent a miscarriage associated with a lack of progesterone if the causative factor is identified in a timely manner and eliminated.
   • Also, high levels of androgens in the body of a pregnant woman can contribute to the threat of miscarriage, since these hormones suppress the secretion of female hormones - progesterone and estrogen, which are necessary for pregnancy.
   • An imbalance of adrenal and thyroid hormones in a pregnant woman's body also contributes to the threat of miscarriage.
3. Rhesus conflict, which occurs as a result of the rejection of the Rhesus-positive fetus by the body of a Rhesus-negative woman. In such a problem, progesterone is often prescribed to prevent miscarriage.
4. Infectious diseases in women caused by non-specific and specific infections.
   • Non-specific diseases include flu, hepatitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis, etc.
   • Specific infections include gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, herpes, and cytomegalovirus infections.
5. Given the high risk of miscarriage due to infectious causes, it is recommended to undergo examination before pregnancy and, if necessary, undergo the necessary course of therapy so that the subsequent pregnancy proceeds without complications.
6. Previous abortions can be the cause of miscarriage, since abortion is a manipulation that is stressful for a woman’s body and disrupts the functioning of her reproductive organs.
7. Taking medications and herbs can cause a threat of miscarriage. For example, taking hormonal drugs, narcotic analgesics, antibiotics, etc. Herbs that can cause a threat of miscarriage in the early stages include St. John's wort, nettle, tansy, parsley, etc.
8. Frequent emotional stress provokes the threat of miscarriage.
9. Leading an unhealthy lifestyle, which consists of taking drugs, drinking alcohol, including smoking and drinking caffeinated beverages.
10. The threat of miscarriage is also increased by sexual intercourse, physically strenuous exercise, falls, and blows to the stomach.

In addition to those described above, the following may be causal factors for the threat of miscarriage in late pregnancy:

• blood clotting disorders,
• placental pathology - placental abruption or placenta previa,
• the presence of late gestosis in a pregnant woman - increased blood pressure, impaired renal function, which is accompanied by the presence of protein in the urine and the appearance of edema,
• polyhydramnios,
• the presence of isthmic-cervical insufficiency, which occurs after previous traumatic births or abortions, which is accompanied by trauma to the cervix or isthmus of the uterus,
• various types of injuries – in the form of bruises to the abdomen and/or head.

Given the huge number of reasons that contribute to the risk of miscarriage, both in the early and late stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to carefully prepare for pregnancy.

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The first signs of a threatened miscarriage

The first signs of a threatened miscarriage are, first of all, any change in the pregnant woman's well-being. The first signs of a threatened miscarriage may be:

• A feeling of heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen and lumbar region.
• The appearance or change in the color of discharge - from scarlet to dark brown. The volume of discharge does not matter - spotting or heavy bloody discharge is a reason for an urgent visit to the doctor.
• Changes in the tone of the uterus that a woman feels – tension in the uterus and cramping pains, especially in the later stages, require immediate medical attention.

Sometimes, in the absence of complaints, during a routine medical examination, an ultrasound can determine the threat of miscarriage: increased uterine tone, abnormal fetal heartbeat, discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the gestational age, etc.

Pain during threatened miscarriage

Pain associated with a threatened miscarriage can be very diverse and is the first and only sign. Pain associated with a threatened miscarriage is most often localized in the lower abdomen, above the pubis, in the lumbar region and sacrum. Pain can be constant or periodic, not stopping for several days and increasing in intensity and duration. Pain can be nagging, cramping or acute. The presence of pain that increases and is accompanied by bloody discharge are signs of a threatened miscarriage and require urgent help from an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Temperature in case of threatened miscarriage

The temperature during a threatened miscarriage can be normal or elevated (up to 37.4°C), especially in the early stages of pregnancy, which is explained by the hyperthermic effect of the hormone progesterone and is a normal variant.

• If a high temperature appears and signs of any infection are noted in the body, this can provoke a threat of miscarriage or, if it already exists, aggravate this process.
• Also, in the case of an unexplained increase in temperature to 38°C and above, in the absence of other symptoms, this is an alarming sign and a reason to see a doctor.

Discharge during threatened miscarriage

Discharges with a threatened miscarriage change their nature and can be one of its first signs. Discharges become bloody, their color varies from bright red to dark brown. Bloody discharges can be scanty, smearing or abundant. In addition, in the late stages of pregnancy, a threat of miscarriage can be suspected even in the absence of bloody discharge, but by liquid discharge of a light color. Such watery discharge indicates leakage of amniotic fluid, as a result of a violation of the integrity of the amniotic membranes. Discharges in the case of a threatened miscarriage are almost always accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and / or lower back.

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Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage are characterized by:

1. Pain in the lower abdomen and/or lumbar region. The pain is nagging, constant or cramping, gradually increasing.
2. The appearance of bloody discharge.
   • In the early stages of pregnancy, the color of the discharge varies from scarlet (which may indicate detachment of the ovum) to dark, dark brown (which may indicate that detachment of the ovum has occurred and a hematoma has formed, which is leaking).
   • In the later stages of pregnancy (in the second and third trimesters), bloody discharge occurs due to placental abruption from the uterine endometrium, and its color can also range from light to dark. As a result of placental abruption, the fetus does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, and if total placental abruption occurs, the child may die.
3. Bloody discharge may be light, spotting or heavy.
4. A manifestation of the threat of miscarriage in the late stages of pregnancy may be watery discharge due to leakage of amniotic fluid. As a result of the violation of the integrity of the amniotic membranes, a colorless fluid flows out, which surrounds the fetus. This process is accompanied by an increase in the tension of the uterine muscles - hypertonicity, which is also a threat of miscarriage.
5. The presence of uterine hypertonicity, which must be differentiated. That is, there is uterine hypertonicity, which is determined by ultrasound, and uterine hypertonicity, which the pregnant woman feels herself. Increased uterine tone can be local, which affects a certain area, and total, when the entire uterus is tense. Local uterine tone is usually determined by ultrasound, it is not very dangerous, but requires significant attention. Total uterine tone is felt by the pregnant woman as a pronounced compaction and is accompanied by painful sensations in the abdomen.

Threat of miscarriage in the first trimester (from 1st to 12th week)

The threat of miscarriage in the first trimester (from the 1st to the 12th week) most often occurs in the first critical period, which is observed in the 2nd and 3rd week of pregnancy. During this period, a woman may not know that she is pregnant, but it is very important, since the fertilized egg penetrates the uterine cavity and is implanted in the endometrium. This process can be disrupted by various exogenous and endogenous factors. Endogenous factors include genetic disorders in the embryo that are incompatible with life.

Exogenous factors include a woman's lifestyle, in particular drinking alcohol, drugs, medications, smoking and stress, which can cause a risk of miscarriage. Also, pathology of the female genitals can cause a violation of the penetration of the fertilized egg into the uterus and its subsequent implantation. Such pathologies include:

• abnormalities in the structure of the uterus (saddle-shaped or bicornuate uterus, presence of partitions in it, genital infantilism),
• traumatic injury to the endometrium after abortion,
• presence of uterine fibroids,
• the presence of scars after a cesarean section.

The next critical period when a threat of miscarriage may arise in the first trimester is the 8th to 12th week of pregnancy. The main reason for the threat in this period is hormonal disorders in a woman, for example, insufficient production of the hormone progesterone.

Threat of miscarriage in the second trimester (from 13th to 26th week)

The threat of miscarriage in the second trimester (from the 13th to the 26th week) may arise in the critical period, which is observed from the 18th to the 22nd week of pregnancy, when intensive growth of the uterus is observed. In this period, various types of placenta previa are especially dangerous - low, incomplete or complete. If a woman has a pathology of internal organs and / or any infection, the placenta is sensitive and its abnormal location can be accompanied by detachment and bleeding, which is a threat of miscarriage.

It is important to know that all trimesters of pregnancy are considered critical on the days when menstruation should have occurred if pregnancy had occurred, as well as in the periods when there was a spontaneous or artificial termination of previous pregnancies - there is an opinion that the woman's body retains the memory of the necessary hormonal changes.

Tests for threatened miscarriage

Tests for threatened miscarriage are prescribed immediately after a woman seeks medical help. If a threatened miscarriage is suspected, a comprehensive examination is carried out, including:

• determination of the level of sex hormones in the blood - progesterone, estrogen, testosterone,
• a urine test is performed for 17-KS (ketosteroids),
• blood test for the content of antibodies to hCG,
• blood test for the presence of intrauterine infection (rubella virus, herpes, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus),
• blood and smear tests for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis),
• If necessary, a blood test is prescribed to check the level of thyroid hormones, as well as the lupus anticoagulant.
• A coagulogram is prescribed to determine the state of the woman's blood coagulation system; this study is important in cases where previous pregnancies ended in miscarriage.

Conducting a comprehensive examination in case of a threatened miscarriage is necessary to determine or clarify its cause.

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Smear test for threatened miscarriage

A smear for the threat of miscarriage is performed to identify possible hormonal disorders or bacterial sexually transmitted infections. A smear is taken with a sterile spatula from the lateral walls of the vagina and the microflora is examined, and a colpocytological study is also performed, where, first of all, the karyopycnotic index (KPI) is determined. KPI is an indicator of the degree of saturation of the female body with estrogen hormones.

• In the first trimester of pregnancy, the smear shows a predominance of intermediate and superficial cells, and the presence of boat-shaped cells is noted in isolated cases. The KPI is normally from 0 to 15-18% in the first trimester. With the threat of miscarriage, this indicator increases to 20% and higher.
• In the second trimester of pregnancy, the predominance of scaphoid and intermediate cells is noted, and superficial cells are almost absent. The normal CPI in the second trimester is from 0 to 10%. In case of threatened miscarriage, the CPI is more than 10%.

The CPI increases due to a decrease in estrogen production, which contributes to the risk of miscarriage. In addition, during a colpocytological study, the eosinophilic index (EI) and maturation index (MI) are assessed to understand the overall picture of a woman's hormonal environment.

Ultrasound for threatened miscarriage

Ultrasound is one of the main and important diagnostic methods for the threat of miscarriage.

During an ultrasound, it is possible to see the earliest symptoms of a threatened miscarriage, which are manifested by a local thickening of the myometrium on one of the walls of the uterus, as well as an increase in the diameter of the internal os. Also, with the help of an ultrasound, in case of a threatened miscarriage, an assessment is made of the viability of the fetus (its heartbeat, motor activity), the placenta and the uterus as a whole (its tone, the condition of the cervix).

What to do if there is a threat of miscarriage?

Many pregnant women are concerned about what to do if there is a threat of miscarriage. First of all, calm down and assess the severity of the clinical symptoms (pain, bleeding) - can a woman go to an obstetrician-gynecologist on her own or is there a need to call an ambulance to her home. If the symptoms of a threatened miscarriage are pronounced, you need to call an ambulance, and absolute bed rest is necessary until it arrives. If the symptoms are mild and the pregnant woman has decided to get to the doctor on her own, then this must be done as soon as possible. Self-medication and using advice from others, especially incompetent people, is not recommended.

Treatment for threatened miscarriage

Treatment for threatened miscarriage is generally performed in hospital, and in rare cases can be performed on an outpatient basis. Drug therapy is prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the causal factor that caused the threat of miscarriage, the gestational age and the individual characteristics of the pregnant woman, taking into account the data of a comprehensive examination. The earlier the treatment for threatened miscarriage begins, the higher the percentage of pregnancy preservation. Therapy for threatened miscarriage is comprehensive and includes the following measures:

• complete bed rest,
• use of psychotherapy sessions,
• prescribing sedatives (tincture of valerian, motherwort),
• use of antispasmodic drugs (no-shpa, papaverine, drotaverine, magnesium sulfate),
• prescription of vitamins (E, C),
• Usually, in the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal agents are used to ensure the normal course of pregnancy. These agents include progesterone preparations (Duphaston, Utrozhestan),
• if in the first trimester there is hyperandrogenism and/or immune factors threatening termination of pregnancy, corticosteroids (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone) are prescribed,
• If cervical insufficiency is detected, conservative or surgical therapy is performed. Surgical treatment can be performed by mechanical narrowing of the defective internal os of the cervix or by suturing its external os.
• in case of bloody discharge, hemostatic agents can be used (Dicynone, Etamsylate, Tranexam),
• If necessary, treatment of identified infections is carried out.

It is important to know that hormones for pregnant women should be prescribed strictly according to indications and after a preliminary examination. Rules for prescribing hormonal agents during pregnancy:

• the prescription of hormonal agents must be strictly justified,
• constant monitoring of the effectiveness of hormonal therapy is important,
• hormonal agents should be prescribed in minimal dosages,
• Estrogens (Estrogel) are prescribed from the fifth week of pregnancy, and gestagens after eight weeks and up to 14-16 weeks, and from this period the formed placenta will begin to perform the function of producing hormones.

No less important role in the treatment of threatened miscarriage are played by non-drug methods - electroanalgesia, electrorelaxation of the uterus, acupuncture, magnesium electrophoresis.

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Duphaston for threatened miscarriage

Duphaston is one of the drugs of choice in case of threatened miscarriage. The indication for its use is a lack of progesterone in the woman's body, confirmed by laboratory methods. Duphaston is a synthetic analogue of progesterone, and structurally it is quite close to the natural progesterone of a woman. When taking Duphaston tablets orally, its selective effect on specific receptors of the uterus sensitive to it is noted. In case of threatened miscarriage, Duphaston is highly effective, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, and safe, which is confirmed by its long-term use. Positive aspects of Duphaston:

• does not affect blood clotting,
• does not impair liver function,
• does not cause the development of virilism syndrome (male-pattern hair growth) in either the woman or the embryo, which is typical of some other progestogens.

Treatment regimens and dosages of Duphaston are selected by the doctor in each individual case, taking into account his clinical experience and adhering to the recommendations of the instructions.

Dosage

The dosage of Duphaston for threatened miscarriage is 40 mg at a time, and then 10 mg every 8 hours until the symptoms disappear completely. If there is no positive dynamics, then the dosage can be increased by 10 mg every 8 hours. After eliminating the symptoms of threatened miscarriage, therapy with the optimally selected dosage is continued for seven days, after which the dose is gradually reduced. If, however, when the dose is reduced, the symptoms of the threat resume, then it is necessary to return to the optimal dosage at which they disappeared. Duphaston is usually used in the first trimester of pregnancy - up to 16 weeks, i.e. until the placenta is formed, which then takes over the function of producing hormones.

In case of habitual miscarriage, Duphaston can be used up to the 20th week of pregnancy at 10 mg twice a day, with a gradual reduction in the dose.

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Utrozhestan for threatened miscarriage

Utrozhestan is also the drug of choice for the threat of miscarriage. It is prescribed when the body of a pregnant woman produces insufficient progesterone, which increases the contractile activity of the uterus and contributes to the threat of miscarriage. Utrozhestan is a natural progesterone. It reduces the contractile activity of the uterus and its excitability, which ensures a favorable course of pregnancy. There are two forms of Utrozhestan - tablets and suppositories, which has some advantages, since in the presence of toxicosis with vomiting, the tablets will not be absorbed, which makes it possible to use suppositories. Utrozhestan can be used not only for the threat of miscarriage, but also for preventive purposes - before pregnancy and in its early stages with habitual miscarriages.

Dosage

The dose of Utrozhestan for threatened miscarriage is selected by a gynecologist in each case individually and according to the instructions. In case of threatened miscarriage or for the purpose of preventing habitual miscarriages due to progesterone deficiency, the dose of Utrozhestan is 200-400 mg per day - one hundred to two hundred mg at a time every 12 hours up to twelve weeks of pregnancy. In case of threatened premature birth, 400 mg is taken every six to eight hours until the symptoms are eliminated. The effective dosage and number of doses are selected individually depending on the symptoms of threatened miscarriage and their severity. After the symptoms of threatened miscarriage are eliminated, the dose of Utrozhestan is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose - two hundred mg three times a day. In this dosage, it can be used up to 36 weeks of pregnancy.

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Papaverine for threatened miscarriage

Papaverine is used quite often in combination therapy and as monotherapy for the threat of miscarriage. Papaverine is a myotropic antispasmodic drug that is available in tablets, injections and suppositories. Effects of papaverine:

• decreased tone of smooth muscles of internal organs, including the uterus,
• improving blood flow,
• has a mild calming effect,
• lowering blood pressure.

Usually during pregnancy, with increased uterine tone, suppositories with papaverine are used, because they are very well absorbed by the intestinal mucosa. But there are cases when there is a need for injection of papaverine, especially with the threat of miscarriage. Papaverine injections can be performed subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intravenously.

• In case of intravenous administration of papaverine, it must first be diluted in a physiological solution at the rate of 1 ml (20 mg) of papaverine hydrochloride and 10-20 ml of physiological solution. It must be administered slowly at 3-5 ml/min, with intervals of at least 4 hours. The maximum single dose of papaverine is one milliliter.
• Papaverine suppositories are used rectally, one at a time, 2-3 times a day.

No negative effects of papaverine on the fetus have been noted. Its use without consulting a doctor is not recommended.

Dicynone (Etamsylate) for threatened miscarriage

Dicynone (Etamsylate) in case of threatened miscarriage can be prescribed in any trimester of pregnancy, even in the earliest stages, in case of bleeding, bloody discharge or placental abruption. In such situations, its use is combined with antispasmodic and sedative agents. Dicynone is a hemostatic agent that strengthens the walls of capillaries, improves their permeability and microcirculation, stimulates the production of platelets, which improves blood clotting. Dicynone is available in injection and tablet forms. As a rule, it is prescribed to pregnant women in the form of tablets of 250 mg of Etamsylate three times a day for three days, but it can also be used intramuscularly at 2 ml, followed by a transition to tablets. Instead of Dicynone (Etamsylate), Tranexam can be used, also in tablets and at a dose of 250 mg. Independent use of Dicynone (Etamsylate), Tranexam during pregnancy with a threat of miscarriage is contraindicated; before using them, you must consult a doctor.

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Magnesia for threatened miscarriage

Magnesia is often used by doctors when there is a threat of miscarriage. Magnesia or magnesium sulfate can be administered both intramuscularly and intravenously, but under the mandatory supervision of medical personnel. Magnesia has a number of properties that help to avoid a miscarriage when there is a threat, namely:

• relaxes the muscles, which reduces the tone of the uterus,
• eliminates cramps,
• has a relaxing effect on the walls of blood vessels,
• lowers blood pressure,
• reduces swelling due to its diuretic effect,
• has a calming effect,
• is prescribed in case of acute magnesium deficiency in the body of a pregnant woman,
• strengthens cell membranes

Magnesium sulfate is involved in the metabolic processes of various substances, including calcium. The relaxing effects of magnesia are associated with its ability to reduce the activity of substances that transmit impulses from the central nervous system to the peripheral and back.

Usually, when there is a threat of miscarriage, a 25% solution of 10-20 ml of magnesium sulfate dissolved in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride is prescribed and administered intravenously by drip or without dilution intramuscularly. But the dosages may vary, which depends on each specific case. Taking magnesium orally when there is a threat of miscarriage is not advisable, since in this form magnesium is poorly absorbed and practically does not enter the blood, but has only a laxative effect.

No-shpa for threatened miscarriage

No-shpa is prescribed quite often for the threat of miscarriage, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. No-shpa reduces the tone of smooth muscles of internal organs, including the muscles of the uterus, reduces their motor activity, and promotes the expansion of blood vessels. You should be careful with the use of No-shpa in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, since it causes relaxation of the cervix, which promotes its opening. Usually, No-shpa is prescribed in the form of tablets, in individually selected doses, although its intramuscular administration is also possible.

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Progesterone for threatened miscarriage

Progesterone is very often prescribed for the threat of miscarriage, since its deficiency in the body can be one of the reasons for the threat. Progesterone promotes the normal course and development of pregnancy, reduces the contractile activity of the uterus. It can be prescribed both in the form of tablets and suppositories (Duphaston, Utrozhestan). The duration of therapy and dosage of progesterone are selected by the doctor individually.

HCG for threatened miscarriage

HCG increases significantly more slowly in the case of a threatened miscarriage, does not change, or, on the contrary, begins to decrease. In this case, in the case of a threatened miscarriage, in order to support the normal development of pregnancy, maintenance doses of HCG (Pregnyl) can be administered. Its initial dose is 5,000–10,000 IU once, no later than 8 weeks, then 5,000 IU twice a week until 14 weeks of pregnancy.

Vitamins for the threat of miscarriage

Vitamins play an important role in the threat of miscarriage. Since both their deficiency and excess can contribute to or increase the threat of miscarriage. It is not recommended to take vitamins thoughtlessly and on your own. It is advisable to consult a doctor before using them. A balanced and rational diet containing fruits and vegetables, fermented milk products, lean meat and fish is often sufficient.

Vitamin E for Threatened Miscarriage

Vitamin E in case of a threatened miscarriage helps to maintain pregnancy and promotes proper development of the child, and also has an antioxidant effect. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is contained in nuts, seeds, vegetable and butter oils, sprouted wheat, etc. During pregnancy, an average of 25 mg of vitamin E per day is required. But its dosage is individual for each pregnant woman and is selected by a doctor taking into account the recommendations of the instructions.

Ring for threatened miscarriage

A ring for a threatened miscarriage can be offered, first of all, to those women who have a short cervix, isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Such a gynecological ring or pessary keeps the cervix in a stable state and prevents its premature opening. At first, when wearing the ring, slight discomfort may be noted, which quickly passes. Usually the ring is inserted after the 20th week of pregnancy and removed no earlier than the 38th week, but everything is individual.

• The placement of the ring on the cervix is practically painless.
• After the pessary is placed, tests for bacterial flora are taken every two to three weeks.
• After the ring is installed, sexual activity is not recommended.
• Once the ring is removed, the cervix relaxes and labor can begin within a week.

The ring may be removed prematurely in the event of premature rupture of amniotic fluid, the onset of premature labor, or as a result of an inflammatory process in the uterus.

Folk remedies for threatened miscarriage

Folk remedies for threatened miscarriage should be used with caution and after consultation with a doctor. In case of threatened miscarriage, you can use:

• Dandelion herb decoction. To make it, pour 5 grams of the herb with 200 grams of water and boil for about 5 minutes. The prepared decoction is consumed in a quarter of a glass three to four times a day. In addition, a decoction is also prepared from dandelion root in the same dosages.
• Viburnum application. Crushed viburnum bark (one teaspoon) should be poured with 200 grams of boiling water and boiled for about five minutes. Drink the decoction one to two tablespoons three to four times a day. Viburnum flowers can also be used. To do this, pour 30 grams of flowers with 1.5 liters of boiling water and leave in a thermos for 2 hours. Drink the infusion a quarter of a glass three or four times a day.
• An infusion of St. John's wort and calendula flowers is easy to prepare. To do this, take equal amounts of these herbs and pour a glass of boiling water over them. Leave in a thermos for 30 minutes. Drink two to three glasses throughout the day with honey.

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What should not be done if there is a threat of miscarriage?

What should not be done when there is a threat of miscarriage worries all pregnant women who have encountered this problem? A pregnant woman with a threat of miscarriage should not:

• perform physical activities, including jumping, lifting weights,
• drink alcohol and smoke,
• to experience, to be subject to stress,
• have sex,
• take a bath, especially a hot one,
• go to the sauna,
• make sudden movements,
• drink coffee and eat a lot of chocolate,
• take any medications on your own.

Prayer for the Threat of Miscarriage

Prayer for threatened miscarriage can help even in the most difficult situations.

You can also pray in your own words, because the power of prayer lies in sincerity.

You can use already composed prayers, namely, the prayers:

To the Lord God,
to the Most Holy Theotokos,
read akathists to the icons of the Mother of God “Unexpected Joy”, “Helper in Childbirth”, “Kazan”,
pray to the saints and righteous Joachim and Anna.

Also, if there is a threat of miscarriage, you need to ask your Guardian Angel for help, and also pray for the forgiveness of sins; you can read Psalm 50.

How to prevent the threat of miscarriage?

How to prevent the threat of miscarriage, a question that many pregnant women ask themselves? To prevent its occurrence, it is necessary, first of all, to plan the pregnancy - to be examined and, in case of illness, to undergo the necessary course of therapy. If the pregnancy is not planned, then you should immediately give up bad habits - smoking and alcohol, register in a timely manner and regularly visit an obstetrician-gynecologist, eat a balanced and nutritious diet, often spend time in the fresh air, do not be nervous and be careful about taking medications.

Sex when there is a threat of miscarriage

Sex is contraindicated when there is a threat of miscarriage, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy in the presence of bleeding and isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Anal sex, oral sex and self-gratification are also not recommended. Since the most minimal contractions of the uterus during a threat can provoke a miscarriage or premature birth. During pregnancy, a woman must decide for herself what is more important for her - sex or a child, especially when there is a threat of miscarriage.

Sex after a threatened miscarriage

Sex after a threatened miscarriage is possible only after the critical period has passed, after examination and permission from the doctor. The time for having sex after a threatened miscarriage is individual in each specific case. In some cases, for example, with habitual miscarriages, sex is not recommended until the end of pregnancy.

Orgasm during a threatened miscarriage

Orgasm with a threat of miscarriage is highly undesirable, since additional contraction of the uterus can cause a miscarriage, especially if there is already a threat. During orgasm, detachment of the ovum in the early stages and premature birth in the late stages of pregnancy can occur. With a threat of miscarriage, it is generally strictly contraindicated to have sex, both traditional and anal. Moreover, orgasm can be the cause of a threat of miscarriage.

Why do I dream about the threat of miscarriage?

Why dream of a threat of miscarriage worries some women who dream of such a dream? If a pregnant woman dreams of a threat of miscarriage, then this may be a reflection of the woman's real fears. But, it should be noted that if the dream was very realistic, with the sight of blood, pain and dreamed in the second half of pregnancy, then in reality it is necessary to be more careful, rest more, eat a balanced diet and not visit places with a large crowd of people. For women who are not pregnant and have not given birth, such a dream may indicate the destruction of plans, especially in personal relationships.