Tazar

The drug Tazar is a combined penicillin-containing drug that belongs to β-lactam antibiotics.

Indications Tazar

Tazar is used in therapeutic regimens for widespread or localized infections caused by gram-positive or gram-negative aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug.

For adult patients, Tazar may be prescribed:

• in infectious diseases of the respiratory organs;
• in complicated or uncomplicated infectious processes in the urinary system;
• in infectious lesions of the skin and underlying tissues;
• for infections of internal organs;
• in bacterial sepsis;

In febrile conditions occurring against the background of neutropenia, in combination with aminoglycoside drugs.

In pediatric practice, Tazar is used:

• to relieve fever developing against the background of neutropenia, in combination with aminoglycosides;
• in case of infection of internal organs, in particular in case of complications of acute appendicitis (peritonitis, abscessing infiltrate);
• in mixed infectious processes caused by microorganisms sensitive to the effects of the drug.

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Release form

Tazar is a white powder substance that is used to prepare an injection solution.

The active ingredients of the medication are piperacillin and tazobactam.

The cardboard box contains one bottle of powdered preparation.

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Pharmacodynamics

One of the main ingredients of the drug is piperacillin, a representative of semi-synthetic penicillins with a wide range of antibacterial activity, suppressing the development of bacteria by inhibiting the formation of the cell membrane and the production of the cell wall.

The second of the two main ingredients, tazobactam, is a β-lactamase inhibitor, including enzymes that establish resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin drugs. Tazobactam has less antibacterial activity, but when combined with piperacillin, it significantly expands the antibacterial action of the latter.

Tazar acts on the following groups of microorganisms:

• Brevibacteria, Corynebacteria;
• enterococci, lactococci;
• listeria, propionobacteria, staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• acinetobacter, citrobacter;
• enterobacteria, escherichia;
• Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus;
• pseudomonads, salmonella, shigella;
• bifidobacteria, clostridia, eubacteria;
• peptococci, peptostreptococci;
• bacteroides, fusobacteria, porphyromonas;
• legionella, etc.

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Pharmacokinetics

The kinetic properties of the antibiotic Tazar have not been fully studied.

It is known that up to 30% of the active ingredients of the drug are bound to plasma proteins. The drug penetrates well into the cerebrospinal fluid and tissues in the body:

• into the lungs;
• in the organs of the female reproductive system;
• in the prostate;
• into the liver and bile ducts;
• into bone tissue;
• into the intracellular fluid.

The average drug level in tissues can range from 50 to 100% of its level in plasma fluid.

The drug penetrates poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid.

The half-life can be 0.7-1.2 hours. Excretion from the body occurs with urine.

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Dosing and administration

Tazar is administered by drip over a 30-minute period. The treatment regimen involves administering 4.5 g of the drug approximately every 7 hours.

The usual daily dosage of Tazar is 12 g, the maximum is 16 g.

The duration of the therapeutic course is from 5 to 10 days (for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia – up to 2 weeks).

For patients undergoing hemodialysis, the drug is administered in an amount of 2.25 g at the end of each hemodialysis session (during a 4-hour procedure, an average of 40% of the administered Tazar drug can be excreted).

In pediatrics, for appendicitis or peritonitis, Tazar is used every 8 hours in the amount of 112.5 mg per kilogram of the child’s weight.

In case of renal dysfunction in childhood, Tazar is not prescribed.

Instructions for preparing injection liquid:

• the powder from the vial is diluted in 20 ml of a solvent (isotonic sodium chloride solution, dextrose solution, water for injection);
• the bottle is not shaken, but slowly swirled until the drug dissolves;
• The resulting medicine is administered intravenously slowly over the course of half an hour.

Use Tazar during pregnancy

The kinetic properties of Tazar have not been sufficiently studied, so experts definitely do not recommend using this medication during pregnancy.

The drug has been proven to enter breast milk, which makes Tazar undesirable for use during lactation. In extreme circumstances, breastfeeding is suspended for the duration of treatment with the drug.

It is strictly forbidden to use the drug Tazar without a doctor’s prescription.

Contraindications

The medicine Tazar should not be used:

• in case of hypersensitivity of the patient to penicillin or cephalosporin drugs, as well as to other drugs that inhibit β-lactam antibiotics;
• children under 2 years of age;
• pregnant and lactating patients.

Relative contraindications are:

• internal and external bleeding;
• enterocolitis;
• chronic kidney disease;
• cystic fibrosis;
• hemodialysis and anticoagulant therapy.

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Side effects Tazar

• Dyspepsia, dry mouth, abdominal pain, jaundice, cholestasis.
• Rashes, fever, chills, allergic reactions, runny nose, conjunctivitis.
• Anemia, leukopenia, increased creatinine, thrombocytopenia, prolongation of the prothrombin index, neutropenia, thrombocytosis.
• Hypotension, rapid or slow heartbeat, abnormal heart rhythm, heart failure, chest pain, heart attack.
• Headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, development of depressive and hallucinogenic states, tremors in the limbs, pain in the joints and muscles, general weakness, pain in the spine, convulsions.
• Local manifestations in the form of pain and redness at the injection site.
• Renal dysfunction, thrush, bleeding gums, stomatitis.
• Symptoms of bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, inflammation of the pharynx, sore throat.
• Anuria, dysuria, oliguria, blood in urine, enuresis.
• Signs of hypoglycemia.
• Hemorrhages on the skin, bleeding of the nasal mucosa.
• Disturbances of consciousness.

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Overdose

Clinical symptoms of overdose may include a state of neuromuscular overexcitation and the appearance of convulsions.

Treatment measures for overdose include taking medications depending on the symptoms:

• anticonvulsant drugs (barbiturates, diazepam);
• hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis procedures.

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Interactions with other drugs

The combination of Tazar with drugs such as heparin, anticoagulants, and other medications that affect hemostasis requires constant monitoring of the degree of blood clotting.

There is no compatibility between Tazar and sodium bicarbonate, as well as aminoglycosides in one injection. Similar incompatibility is found in:

• Ringer's lactate solution;
• blood and blood substitutes;
• albumin hydrolysates.

Combination treatment with probenecid prolongs the half-life of the main components of Tazar.

The combination of Tazar and vecuronium prolongs neuromuscular blockade.

Tazar inhibits the elimination of methotrexate from the body.

Tazar does not affect the kinetic properties of tobramycin, regardless of renal function.

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Storage conditions

Vials with Tazar powder are stored in dry, darkened rooms, in factory packaging, at a temperature of no more than +25°C. Storage areas for medicines should be located in places difficult for children to access.

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Shelf life

Tazar can be stored for up to 3 years.