List Symptoms – D
Isolate the primary and secondary forms of dystonia, while their clinical manifestations depend on the etiology. Dystonia is a syndrome manifested by deforming movements and postures that result from simultaneous involuntary contraction of agonist muscles and antagonists.
Dyspnoe is a violation of the frequency, rhythm and depth of breathing, accompanied by increased respiratory muscles and, as a rule, subjective sensations of lack of air or difficulty breathing, often cyanosis because of hypercapnia).
The study of pupils is of particular importance for the diagnosis of a large number of pathological conditions. To examine pupils in darkness (darkened room), turn off all light sources and hold a flashlight near the patient's chin, giving a quantity of scattered light so that the size of the pupil can be measured.
Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food or liquids. If it is not due to catarrh due to a cold, it is a serious symptom that justifies further examination of the patient (endoscopic) to exclude neoplasia.
Dyspareunia is a painful sexual intercourse. There may be a vicious circle in which the expectation of pain causes muscle tension and a decrease in the release of lubricant, which in itself increases the pain.
In dysarthria, in contrast to aphasia, the "technique" of speech suffers, and not its higher (praxic) functions. In dysarthria, despite defects in pronunciation, the patient understands what he has heard and written, and logically expresses his thoughts.
Dry skin can be either a reflection of physiological changes in the body (eg, aging, menopausal changes due to a significant decrease in the content of estrogen in the blood), and painful conditions.
If you suffer from constant dryness in the nose, it should be borne in mind that your chances of catching an infection that spreads through airborne droplets is practically one hundred percent.
Dry mouth - what does this symptom show, what are the causes of dryness, and what can be done to eliminate dry mouth?
Dizziness is a feeling of imaginary movement of one's own body or surrounding objects. With non-systemic vertigo, in contrast to the systemic, there is no sensation of movement of the body or objects.
The normal pupil always responds to light (direct and friendly reactions) and to convergence. This group of syndromes includes cyclic oculomotor paralysis, ophthalmoplegic migraine, benign episodic unilateral mydriasis and tadpole pupil (intermittent segmental spasm of the dilator lasting several minutes and repeating several times a day).
If the violation of eye movements is not accompanied by double vision, then this presupposes a supranuclear character of the lesion, that is, eye violations. At a clinical examination, paralysis is found only with friendly eye movements, in both eyes the same deficiency of movements is detected, eyeballs remain parallel with the preservation of the direction of the eye.
The presence of double vision in the eyes of a patient with sufficient visual acuity implies the involvement of the eye muscles or oculomotor nerves or their nuclei in the pathological process. The deviation of the eyes from the neutral position (strabismus) is always noted, and can be detected by direct examination or with the use of instruments.
No vaginal discharge from pathological impurities can be psychogenic. Discharge from the vagina often have an unpleasant odor, cause itching in the vagina and are the result of infection. Very plentiful discharge from the vagina can appear due to the presence of a foreign body (for example, a forgotten tampon, etc.).
Otorrhea - discharge from the ear, they are serous, serous-hemorrhagic or purulent. At the same time, otalgia, fever, itching, dizziness, ringing in the ears and hearing loss can be observed.
Diarrhea in a child may be the first symptom of a urinary tract infection. A frequent mushy stool (4 to 6 times a day) can be observed in normal infants; this should not cause concern, unless there is evidence of anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, slowing the rate of weight gain, blood separation with stool.
It is necessary to find out when diarrhea arose, its duration and severity, the circumstances of the onset of the disease (including recent travel, food consumed, water sources and medications taken, as well as any antibiotics during the previous 3 months), abdominal pain and vomiting, frequency and time of bowel movements, changes in the stool (for example, blood admixture, changes in color and consistency, signs of steatorrhea) and related changes in weight and appetite, as well as sudden urge to stool or tenesmus.
In the newborn period, all pathological conditions that complicate the act of sucking lead to rhinitis, congenital defects in the development of the posterior nasal apertures (stenosis, atresia), organic lesions of the central nervous system, suppression of the sucking reflex, for example, with prematurity or birth trauma, mucosal diseases lead to a decrease in appetite. Mouth,
Although temporary hearing loss in children due to the presence of effusion in the middle ear cavity ("glued ear") occurs quite often, permanent deafness occurs much less often (in infants, approximately 1-2 per 1000 children). But it is important to remember that since children of early age are affected, they need to provide all possible assistance to restore the hearing so that these children learn to speak.
Deafness, unlike blindness, is not precisely defined as a disability, so any degree of hearing loss can be described as deafness. This is a defect to the patients themselves and to the persons in contact with them, since this reduces the possibility of communication. In the UK, there are approximately 3 million adults with hearing impairment.