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Relanium
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Indications Relanium
It is used for insomnia, spastic conditions, anxiety disorders and dysphoria. In addition, with muscle spasms of the skeleton due to arthritis, injuries, myositis and bursitis, severe headaches or polyarthritis with progressive nature and chronic form, as well as arthrosis, angina and spondyloarthritis of rheumatic nature, caused by tension.
The medication is also prescribed for anxiety, tension, transient reactive states, alcohol withdrawal or tremors in the limbs. It is also used for the complex therapy of ulcers inside the digestive tract, psychosomatic disorders, elevated blood pressure, epileptic status, menstrual disorders, preeclampsia, disorders associated with menopause, and in addition, feelings of irritability, drug intoxication, eczema and Meniere's disease.
Before performing endoscopic or surgical procedures, the drug is used for sedation. Parenteral administration of the substance is performed as a premedication before the patient is introduced into system anesthesia, as well as in the case of myocardial infarction.
Relanium is often used in neurology and psychiatry, and also to facilitate the processes of labor, with preterm labor or prematurely exfoliated placenta.
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Pharmacodynamics
The active drug element is diazepam. It acts by stimulating benzodiazepine endings. The drug has an anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and with it, central muscle relaxant and sedative effects. By affecting the amygdala complex located inside the visceral brain, the drug has an anxiolytic effect, reducing the severity of feelings of fear and anxiety, and in addition to this anxiety and strong emotional stress.
Relanium has pronounced sedative properties due to exposure to the nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and the reticular formation of the cerebral trunk. The drug reduces the severity of manifestations that have a neurological nature. By inhibiting the cells of the reticular formation inside the cerebral trunk, the drug leads to the development of hypnotic effects.
The drug potentiates the process of presynaptic slowing down, thereby causing an anticonvulsant effect. Diazepam does not eliminate excitement within the focus of epilepsy, but inhibits the spread of epileptogenic activity.
Slowing down of spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways of inhibition leads to the development of muscle relaxant effect. The sympatholytic effect leads to the development of a vasodilating effect on the coronary vessels and to a decrease in blood pressure values.
The drug can increase the boundaries of the pain threshold, and in addition to inhibit paroxysms with parasympathetic and sympathoadrenal, as well as vestibular character.
In addition, the substance reduces the activity of secretion of gastric juice at night.
The therapeutic effect develops within the 2-7th day of the treatment course. The drug does not affect the productive manifestations of psychological origin (hallucinations, affective disorders and delusions).
In the case of alcohol withdrawal or the chronic form of alcoholism, the drug weakens the agitation, as well as the negativity with tremor and the severity of delirium of alcoholic nature and hallucinations.
In people with arrhythmias, as well as paresthesias or cardialgias, the development of a medication effect is observed by the end of the 1st treatment week.
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Pharmacokinetics
When a / m injection drug is absorbed unevenly, but completely. The Cmax level is noted after the expiration of the 1st hour.
For intravenous injection in an adult, Cmax is achieved after 15 minutes and is determined by the size of the serving. The medicinal substance undergoes rapid distribution within the tissues with organs (especially inside the liver and brain), penetrates the placenta and BBB, as well as into the mother's milk.
The processes of intrahepatic metabolism lead to the formation of active metabolic products: N-dimethyldiazepam (50%) and oxazepam with temazepam. In this case, the N-dimethyldiazepam component accumulates inside the brain, providing a long-lasting and pronounced anticonvulsant effect.
Dimethylated and hydroxylated metabolic products of diazepam along with bile and glucuronic acids are excreted to a greater extent through the kidneys.
Diazepam is a tranquilizer with a long-lasting type of influence, therefore its half-life after i / v injection is 32 hours, and the half-life of N-dimethyldiazepam is 50-100 hours. At the same time, the total clearance inside the kidneys is in the range of 20-33 ml / minute.
Dosing and administration
The portion size must be calculated, taking into account the indications, the reaction to the medicine, the patient’s condition and the clinical picture of the pathology (both basic and concomitant).
In psychiatry, medication is used for dysphoria, phobias, hysterical or hypochondriac manifestations and neurosis - 2 times daily administration of 5–10 mg. Sometimes, if necessary, the dosage can be increased to 60 mg.
In case of alcohol withdrawal, the drug is administered 3 times in the first day (10 mg of the substance), and then the dose is reduced to 5 mg with 3 times daily use.
People with atherosclerosis or weakened patients should be administered 2 mg of the drug 2 times a day.
In neurology, Relanium is used for spastic conditions or degenerative diseases - 2-3 times per day in the amount of 5-10 mg.
In case of cardiological or rheumatological diseases: in the case of angina pectoris, 2–5 mg of the drug is administered 3 times a day. With increased blood pressure indicators, 5 mg of a substance is used 3 times a day. For the treatment of vertebral syndrome, 10 mg of the substance is administered 4 times a day.
In combination therapy of myocardial infarction, it is first introduced in / in the method of 10 mg of the drug, and then it is used in a dose of 5-10 mg with 1-3 times a day.
For defibrillation during the premedication, the substance is injected at a low speed intravenously - 10-30 mg in individual portions.
People with vertebral syndrome or spastic states with a rheumatic nature are first injected with the / m method of 10 mg of the drug, and then prescribed the use of tablets (5 mg dose, 1-4 times daily).
During menopause, preeclampsia, psychosomatic or menstrual disorders, the substance is administered in the amount of 2-5 mg, 3 times a day.
To facilitate the process of uterine cervix dilatation and labor, the drug is administered intramuscularly in 20 mg portions.
The drug solution should be administered intramuscularly or intravenously (at low speed (1 ml / minute) in the area of the large vein). Dosage should always be prescribed only by the attending doctor.
Use Relanium during pregnancy
It is forbidden to use the drug during pregnancy.
Contraindications
Main contraindications:
- acute alcohol poisoning;
- comatose or shock;
- the presence of hypersensitivity to diazepam;
- acute drug intoxication;
- glaucoma of a closed angle;
- myasthenia;
- breastfeeding period;
- COPD in severe stage;
- absenza;
- acute respiratory failure;
- myoclonic epilepsy in children.
Caution is required for such conditions (appointment after prior medical consultation):
- hyperkinesis;
- epilepsy;
- spinal or cerebral ataxia;
- diseases affecting the liver or kidneys;
- drug dependence;
- sleep apnea;
- cerebrospinal pathologies of an organic nature;
- gopoproteinemia;
- old age of patients.
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Side effects Relanium
The use of the drug may provoke the appearance of certain side effects:
- Disorders in the work of the National Assembly: dizziness, unsteadiness of gait, disorder of attention and ataxia, and besides this a feeling of extreme fatigue, disorientation, drowsiness, lethargy and instability. In addition, headaches, depression, motor coordination disorder, tremor, anterograde form of amnesia, catalepsy, extrapyramidal symptoms, inhibition of motor reactions and emotional depression are noted. There are also paradoxical manifestations, myasthenia, feeling of weakness, confusion or irritability, psychomotor or acute agitation, dysarthria, insomnia, and with it hyporeflexia, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts and muscle spasms;
- lesions of the blood-forming organs: the development of anemia, and in addition agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia;
- digestive disorders: dryness of the oral mucosa, constipation, hypersalivation, gastralgia, the appearance of heartburn or nausea, as well as hiccups, loss of appetite and an increase in liver enzymes;
- problems with the function of the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, a decrease in blood pressure values and an increase in heart rate;
- disorders of the urogenital system: delay or incontinence of the urethra, dysmenorrhea, disorder of renal activity and impaired libido. There may be signs of allergies - rash or itching;
- the effect of the drug on the fetus: teratogenic effect, suppression of the work of NA, disorder of sucking reflex or respiratory function;
- manifestations in the area of drug administration: venous thrombosis or phlebitis may develop.
Relanium leads to addiction, drug addiction, respiratory function disorders, weight loss, diplopia, suppression of the respiratory center and bulimia. Abrupt cancellation of drugs causes "withdrawal syndrome", in which there is a feeling of excitement, anxiety, fear, irritability, nervousness, anxiety or depersonalization, and in addition to this headaches, hyperacusia and dysphoria. Paresthesias, sleep or perception disorders, hallucinations, tachycardia, acute psychosis, convulsions and photophobia also appear.
In premature babies, medication leads to the development of hypothermia, dyspnea, and muscle hypotension.
Overdose
Drug intoxication leads to a feeling of drowsiness, great weakness, confusion, stupor or paradoxical arousal. In addition, reflexes and reaction to painful stimuli are weakened, a deep sleep, visual perception disorder, areflexia, dyspnea or apnea, tremor, bradycardia and nystagmus develop. There is also a decrease in blood pressure, collapse, suppression of the function of the heart or respiration, and a coma.
To eliminate the violations, gastric lavage, the use of enterosorbents, the procedure of forced diuresis, the maintenance of the body systems and mechanical ventilation are necessary.
Antagonist of the drug is the agent flumazenil, which is used only in the hospital. Flumazenil should not be used in people suffering from epilepsy and using benzodiazepines (the drug can lead to an epileptic seizure). Hemodialysis procedures in case of Relanium poisoning will be ineffective.
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Interactions with other drugs
The drug potentiates the suppressive effect of antipsychotics, ethyl alcohol, antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedatives, opiates and muscle relaxants to the central nervous system.
Means that slow down the oxidation of microsomes (such as cimetidine with erythromycin, propoxyphene, oral contraception, ketoconazole with isoniazid, and in addition, propranolol, disulfiram with metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine), potentiate the effect exerted by metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine), potentiate the effect exerted by metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine) potentiate the effect exerted by metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine), potentiate the effect exerted by metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine), potentiate the effect exerted by metoprolol, and at the same time, valproic acid and fluoxetine) potentiate the effect rendered by relophenol and metoprolol prolong its half-life.
The reverse effect is observed in the case of using the drug together with drugs that induce the activity of hepatic enzymes of microsomes.
Antacids have no effect on the degree of absorption of diazepam, but reduce the speed of this process.
Antihypertensive drugs potentiate the severity of a decrease in blood pressure values.
The use of clozapine leads to a potentiation of the overwhelming influence regarding the respiratory process.
In people with trembling paralysis, Relanium is used to reduce the medicinal effectiveness of levodopa.
The effect of omeprazole leads to prolongation of the term of excretion of the drug.
Storage conditions
Relanium must be kept in a dark place, closed to small children. Temperature values - within the limits of 15-25 ° C.
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Shelf life
Relanium is allowed to use within 5 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.
Application for children
Relanium can be administered to children, but the duration of the duration of such therapy should be minimal. There is no evidence of whether it is safe to use for infants younger than 6 months of age.
The use of benzodiazepines in children can lead to the appearance of paradoxical reactions: feelings of irritability, agitation or aggressiveness, motor restlessness, nightmares, delusions, hallucinations, attacks of aggression, psychosis and other behavioral disorders. With the development of such signs, you must cancel the use of drugs.
Due to the fact that the drug contains benzyl alcohol, it cannot be used for administration to premature or newborn babies.
Ampoule with the drug contains 30 mg of phenylcarbinol, and such a portion can lead to the development of intoxication and pseudo-anaphylactic symptoms in infants and children under 3 years of age.
1 ml of the drug contains 0.1 g of ethanol, which must also be taken into account when using it in children.
Due to the fact that the composition of the drug has sodium benzoate, it increases the likelihood of jaundice in newborn babies.
Analogs
Analogues of drugs are drugs Relium, Diazepam and Sibazon.
Reviews
Relanium helps to deal with seizures or epilepsy, and also demonstrates its effectiveness in insomnia and anxiety disorders. Of the minuses in the patient reviews there are frequent and numerous side effects and the presence of many contraindications.
This drug can be used exclusively with the appointment of the doctor and under his constant supervision.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Relanium" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.