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Rare types of gastritis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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[Eosinophilic gastritis
It is characterized by extensive infiltration of the mucosa, submucosal and muscular layers of the antrum of the stomach by acidophilic granulocytes. This lesion is usually idiopathic, but can be observed with nematode invasion. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and a sense of rapid satiety.
The diagnosis is established by an endoscopic biopsy of the affected areas of the stomach. Glucocorticoids can be effective in idiopathic cases; however, in the case of pyloric stenosis, surgical treatment is indicated.
Lymphoma from mucocutaneous lymphoid tissue (pseudolymphoma)
A rare lesion characterized by massive lymphatic infiltration of the mucous membrane of the stomach, reminiscent of Menetries disease.
Gastritis caused by systemic impairment
Sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, amyloidosis and other granulomatous diseases can cause gastritis, which rarely has a primary manifestation.
Gastritis caused by physical agents
Radiation and reception of corrosive substances (especially acidic constituents) can cause gastritis. Exposure to radiation of more than 16 grays causes a pronounced deep gastritis with a greater involvement of the antrum than the body of the stomach. Pylorosthenosis and esophageal rupture (perforation) are possible complications of radiation gastritis.
Infectious (septic) gastritis
With the exception of H. Pylori infection, bacterial invasion of the stomach is rare and mainly develops with ischemia, administration of corrosive substances or after exposure to radiation. When fluoroscopy reveals the release of gas from the mucous membrane. The disease can manifest as a syndrome of an acute abdomen and has a very high mortality rate. Often, surgical treatment is necessary.
In depleted patients or in case of immunodeficiency, a viral or fungal gastritis caused by cytomegalovirus, Candida, histopazmosis or mucormycosis may develop; these diagnoses should be considered in patients with exudative gastritis, esophagitis or duodenitis.