Pinosol

Pinosol is a combination drug that contains several active ingredients of plant origin:

1. Common pine oil: It has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. Commonly used to reduce swelling and irritation of mucous membranes and to improve breathing in upper respiratory tract diseases.
2. Eucalyptus oil: It has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and mucolytic properties. It is used to ease breathing in runny nose, cough and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
3. Thymol: It is an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent that helps kill bacteria and fungi. It is used to fight infections and reduce inflammation.
4. α-Tocopherolacetate (vitamin E): Has antioxidant properties and helps protect cells from free radical damage. May help soften and moisturize mucous membranes.
5. Peppermint oil: It has a cooling and soothing effect. It is used to relieve itching and irritation of mucous membranes and to reduce bad breath.

The combination of these ingredients in Pinosol provides a comprehensive action in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disorders such as runny nose, stuffy nose, cough and other symptoms associated with inflammation and infection. Pinosol is often used as a topical remedy for the nose and throat.

Indications Pinosol

1. Runny nose and stuffy nose: Pinosol helps to reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa, improves breathing and facilitates the discharge of mucus during runny nose.
2. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat: The drug can be used to soften and moisturize the mucous membrane, as well as to relieve irritation in inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx and throat.
3. Cough: Pinosol has mucolytic properties, which helps liquefy and expectorate phlegm, which may help with coughing.
4. Sorethroat: The drug may be used to relieve pain, irritation and itching in the throat caused by various infections and inflammatory processes.
5. Prevention and maintenance of upper respiratory tract health: Pinosol may be used for the prevention of respiratory infections or as a nasal mucosal care product during periods of increased risk of illness.

Release form

1. Nasal drops: Used to moisturize and treat the nasal mucosa, making breathing easier.
2. Nasal spray: Convenient form for intensive moisturizing of the nasal mucosa and facilitating breathing. The spray allows even distribution of the drug over the mucosa.
3. Ointment for external use: Suitable for long-term moisturizing of the nasal mucosa, promotes healing of microcracks.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Pine oil: It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Pine oil contains numerous biologically active substances, such as resins and terpenes, which help to soothe inflammation and irritation of the nasal mucosa.
2. Eucalyptus oil: It has antiseptic and deodorizing properties. This oil contains eucalyptol, which has a local antiseptic effect and helps relieve nasal congestion.
3. Thymol: It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help fight bacterial infection and soothe inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
4. Alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E): It has antioxidant properties and helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
5. Peppermint Oil: Has a refreshing effect and may help relieve nasal congestion and discomfort.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Oil of common pine (Pinus Sylvestris):

   • Absorption: After topical application, pine oil may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
   • Distribution: Pine oil can be distributed in tissues and has a local antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.
   • Metabolism: It is mainly metabolized in the liver.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly through the kidneys.

2. Eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus):

   • Absorption: After topical application, eucalyptus oil may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
   • Distribution: Eucalyptus oil can also be distributed in tissues and may have local antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
   • Metabolism: It is mainly metabolized in the liver.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly through the kidneys.

3. Thymol (Thymol):

   • Absorption: After topical application, thymol may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
   • Distribution: Thymol may be distributed in tissues and may have antimicrobial effects.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly through the kidneys.

4. α-Tocopherol Acetate (α-Tocopherol Acetate):

   • Absorption: After topical application, alpha-tocopherol acetate may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
   • Distribution: May be distributed in tissues.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly through the kidneys.

5. Peppermint oil (Mentha Piperita):

   • Absorption: After topical application, peppermint oil may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
   • Distribution: May be distributed in tissues and have local antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly through the kidneys.

Dosing and administration

General recommendations for the use of different forms of Pinosol:

Nasal drops:

• Adults and children over 2 years of age: 1-2 drops into each nasal passage 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment usually does not exceed 5-7 days.

Nasal spray:

• Adults and children over 6 years of age: One injection into each nasal passage 3-4 times a day.

Ointment for external application:

• Apply a small amount of ointment to the inner surface of the nasal passages 2-3 times a day. You can use a cotton swab for easy application.

Important Notes:

• Before the first application it is recommended to test the product on a small area of skin to exclude an allergic reaction.
• Avoid contact of the preparation with eyes. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
• Stop using the drug and contact your doctor if symptoms persist for more than 7 days or worsen.

Use Pinosol during pregnancy

It is recommended to consult a doctor about the use of Pinosol during pregnancy. Some components of the drug, especially in high doses or with prolonged use, may have potential risks for pregnancy.

For example, common pine oil may cause allergic reactions in some people, and its safety during pregnancy may be unknown. Eucalyptus oil may also cause skin or respiratory irritation in some people.

Contraindications

1. Allergic reaction: People with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the drug should avoid using it due to the risk of developing an allergic reaction.
2. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Data on the safety of Pinosol during pregnancy and breastfeeding are limited, so it should be used with caution in these cases.
3. Pediatric age: Use of the drug in children under a certain age may require consultation with a physician and/or following special dosage instructions.
4. Bronchial asthma: The eucalyptus oil in Pinosol may cause worsening of bronchial asthma symptoms in some people.
5. Respiratory diseases: People with acute or chronic respiratory diseases should consult a doctor before using Pinosol.
6. Damaged skin or compromised mucous membrane integrity: The drug should not be applied to damaged skin or mucous membranes with compromised integrity, as this may cause irritation or exacerbation of symptoms.
7. Hypersensitivity to menthol and thymol: People with hypersensitivity to menthol and thymol should avoid using Pinosol.

Side effects Pinosol

1. Skin reactions: Variousskin reactions such as redness, irritation, itching or burning at the application site may occur. This may be due to individual sensitivity to one of the ingredients of the drug.
2. Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions to components of Pinosol may occur. Signs of allergy may include skin rash, itching, swelling, redness of the skin or difficulty breathing. In case of allergic reactions, discontinue use of the product and consult a doctor.
3. Mucous membrane reactions: In some cases the use of Pinosol may cause unpleasant sensations in the area of the nasal mucosa, such as burning, stiffness or a feeling of dryness.
4. Reactions to components: Certain components of Pinosol may cause sensitivity reactions in some people. For example, eucalyptus oil may cause mucous membrane irritation and bronchospasm in persons with asthma.
5. Individual reactions: As with any medication, individual reactions may vary from person to person. Some patients may experience discomfort or reactions that are not described in the list of side effects.

Overdose

Information about Pinosol overdose is limited, and there is no exact data on what happens when the recommended dose of this drug is exceeded. However, if the drug is used in large quantities or if it is accidentally swallowed, undesirable effects related to the components of the drug may occur.

Signs of overdose may include increased adverse reactions such as nasal mucosal irritation, allergic reactions, skin symptoms, and even respiratory disturbances in individuals with asthma or allergic rhinitis.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Anticoagulants: The effect of anticoagulants may be enhanced by interaction with eucalyptus oil or peppermint oil. This may increase the risk of bleeding.
2. Heparin: The simultaneous use ofheparin and peppermint oil may increase the risk of bleeding.
3. Bloodpressure medications: Eucalyptus oil may increase the hypotensive effect of medications used to lower blood pressure.
4. Vasodilators: Eucalyptus oil may increase the vasodilating effect of drugs.
5. Heart medications: Peppermint oil may interact with heart medications such as nitrates, leading to an increase in their effects.
6. Heart and Vascular Medications: Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil may interact with some heart and vascular medications, so it is important to consult your doctor.
7. Antiepileptic drugs: Interactions may occur due to changes in the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs caused by peppermint oil.