Pantoprazole

Pantoprazole has antiulcer properties.

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Indications Pantoprazole

It is used for the following disorders:

• gastrinoma;
• aggravated ulcerative pathology;
• destruction of the Helicobacter pylori microbe;
• GERD.

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Release form

The release occurs in tablets, in the amount of 10 pieces inside a blister pack. In a box - 1 or 3 such blister plates.

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Pharmacodynamics

The drug inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid by acting on the parietal cells - in the area of the proton pump. The active element is converted into its active form inside the membrane channels of the parietal glandulocytes and blocks the activity of the enzyme H ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase, i.e. the last stage of hydrochloric acid binding.

Many patients begin to see improvement after 2 weeks of treatment. Like other drugs that block the activity of the proton pump and H2 form conductors, Pantoprazole helps to reduce pH levels and also increases gastrin levels.

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Pharmacokinetics

The drug is actively absorbed, reaching peak levels after a single dose. The average period for reaching peak levels of the drug is 2.5 hours from the moment the tablet is taken.

The half-life is approximately 1 hour. Occasionally, cases of delayed excretion have been observed.

Synthesis with protein inside the plasma reaches 98%. The unchanged substance is almost entirely transformed inside the liver.

Approximately 80% of the breakdown products are excreted via the kidneys, with the remainder excreted in the faeces. The main metabolite is the component desmethylpantoprazole, the half-life of which is approximately 1.5 hours.

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Dosing and administration

Tablets should not be crushed or chewed - they are swallowed whole with water. They should be taken before meals.

During the elimination of reflux pathology in a mild form, as well as complications associated with the disease (heartburn, pain when swallowing and belching with a sour taste), it is necessary to initially take 20 mg of the drug per day. Weakening of the manifestations of the disease is observed after approximately 0.5-1 month. To treat esophagitis developed as a result of the pathology, a course lasting 1 month is required. If there is no result after the specified time, recovery should be expected during the new month. To avoid relapse, it is necessary to take 20 mg of the drug once a day (if necessary). If it is not possible to maintain the above-described scheme of control of manifestations, it is allowed to consider the option of switching to permanent treatment.

During long-term therapy for GERD, it is necessary to take a maintenance daily dose of 20 mg. If the patient experiences frequent relapses, the daily dose should be doubled to 40 mg. After the manifestations of relapses have been eliminated, the daily dose can be reduced again to 20 mg.

To prevent the development of an ulcer caused by the use of NSAIDs, people with risk factors for developing such a disorder are required to take 20 mg of Pantoprazole per day.

Elderly people and those with kidney problems should not take more than 40 mg of the medicine per day.

People with severe liver dysfunction are prohibited from taking more than 20 mg of the drug per day. Also, people in this group need to constantly monitor liver enzyme levels during treatment. If these values increase, it is necessary to stop using Pantoprazole.

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Use Pantoprazole during pregnancy

The drug can be used during pregnancy only if there are vital indications.

Pantoprazole is not used during breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• hepatitis;
• liver cirrhosis, against the background of which severe functional liver failure is observed.

Side effects Pantoprazole

Taking the medicine may cause some side effects:

• manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, constipation, bloating, nausea, belching, increased appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, dry mouth, increased levels of liver transaminases and GIST;
• disorders of the nervous system and sensory organs: headaches, tinnitus, depression and insomnia, as well as tremor, asthenia, dizziness, paresthesia, a feeling of drowsiness or nervousness, visual disturbances and photophobia;
• lesions of the urogenital system: impotence, hematuria and edema;
• disorders of the skin: the appearance of acne, the development of exfoliative dermatitis or alopecia;
• signs of allergy: Quincke's edema, urticaria, rashes and itching;
• other disorders: hyperglycemia and eosinophilia, febrile state, hypercholesterolemia, as well as hyperlipoproteinemia and myalgia.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug may reduce the absorption of drugs whose bioavailability varies depending on pH (such drugs include ketoconazole with itraconazole and atazanavir).

When using atazanavir, you should not use drugs that block proton pump activity.

Although Pantoprazole undergoes hepatic metabolism with the participation of hemoprotein P450, no drug-related interactions with the drugs carbamazepine, diclofenac, digoxin, diazepam, caffeine with naproxen and nifedipine, as well as ethyl alcohol, glibenclamide, piroxicam with metoprolol, phenytoin with theophylline, or with oral contraception have been detected.

People taking coumarin anticoagulants need to monitor their PT values as well as INR during and after Pantoprazole therapy.

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Storage conditions

Pantoprazole should be kept out of the reach of children. The temperature should not exceed 25°C.

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Special instructions

Reviews

Pantoprazole is considered to be quite effective in the treatment of GERD or ulcers. In their reviews, patients also note the low cost of the drug.

Side effects develop quite rarely and usually in case of non-compliance with the instructions regarding the application regimen.

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Shelf life

Pantoprazole should be used for 3 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.

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