Diagnosis of osteoarthritis

MRI of bone and bone marrow in osteoarthritis

Bone pathology associated with osteoarthritis includes osteophyte formation, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral cyst formation, and bone marrow edema. MRI, because of its multiplanar tomographic capabilities, is more sensitive than radiographic or CT scanning for visualizing most of these types of changes.

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis: MRI of articular cartilage

The MRI picture of articular cartilage reflects the totality of its histological structure and biochemical composition. Articular cartilage is hyaline, which does not have its own blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation. It consists of water and ions, type II collagen fibers, chondrocytes, aggregated proteoglycans and other glycoproteins.

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis: magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the leading methods of non-invasive diagnostics of osteoarthritis in recent years. Since the 1970s, when the principles of magnetic resonance (MR) were first used to study the human body.

X-ray diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip joints (coxarthrosis)

The accuracy of assessing the width of the radiographic joint space in osteoarthritis of the hip joints is determined by the correct positioning of the patient, rotation of the limb and centering of the X-rays during radiography.

X-ray diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the joints of the hands

Standard X-ray of the hands is performed in a direct projection. The fingers are positioned together, the hands lie flat on the cassette in line with the axis passing through the forearms and wrists.

X-ray diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee joints (gonarthrosis)

Knee joints are among the most difficult joints to properly examine radiographically due to their structural complexity and wide range of motion. Gonarthrosis can be localized only in a certain section of the joint, which also complicates the diagnosis of joint changes.

Radiologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis

Despite the rapid development in recent years of such modern methods of medical imaging as MRI, X-ray computed tomography, and the expansion of ultrasound diagnostic capabilities, X-ray diagnostics of osteoarthritis remains the most common objective method for diagnosing and monitoring the effectiveness of osteoarthritis treatment.

Diagnosis of osteoarthritis: arthroscopy

In recent years, arthroscopy has been considered as a method for early diagnosis of osteoarthritis, since it allows the detection of the above-mentioned changes in cartilage even in the absence of radiological signs of the disease.

Instrumental diagnosis of osteoarthritis

To diagnose osteoarthritis for greater accuracy, to assess the dynamics of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment, various instrumental research methods are currently used: radiography, arthroscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphy, thermal imaging.

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