Oophoritis

Oophoritis is an inflammatory process in the ovaries, which causes damage to the female genitourinary system. Let's consider the main causes of the disease, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention methods. Oophoritis is a very dangerous disease for the female reproductive system. Due to the inflammatory process in the ovary, inflammation of the fallopian tubes is possible. The pathology occurs both in one ovary, causing unilateral oophoritis, and in both (bilateral inflammation of the ovaries).

If the inflammatory process is common to the ovaries and uterine appendages, then this indicates the development of salpingo-oophoritis or adnexitis.

The disease may have a specific etiology and its cause is pathogens of such diseases as gonorrhea, chlamydia, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis. In some cases, inflammation is caused by non-specific or opportunistic microflora, i.e. streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli or Candida. The disease can be provoked by hypothermia, the menstrual cycle, abortions, surgical manipulations on the genitals or the use of an intrauterine device.

Often, inflammation of the ovaries is secondary, that is, it develops due to the ascent of infection from the uterus, fallopian tubes or cervical canal. In rare cases, oophoritis pathogens penetrate the sex glands through the lymph and blood. Without timely treatment, the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes, causing their thickening. Pathological changes in the ovaries negatively affect periadnexitis, and the accumulated inflammatory exudate causes the accumulation of pus and forms pyovar. Further spread of the infection goes beyond the ovary and is accompanied by pelpioperitonitis.

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Reasons

The causes of oophoritis are varied, but in most cases the pathology is not an independent disease. This is due to the anatomical location of the ovaries, which does not allow the primary infection to penetrate them. Most often, inflammation is transmitted through the fallopian tube. But there is another source of infection - appendicitis, which is located in the abdominal cavity. In some cases, the disease occurs against the background of an infectious lesion of the body.

The main factors contributing to the development of oophoritis:

• Chronic infections in the body.
• Diseases of the endocrine system.
• Lesions of the genitourinary system.
• Stressful situations and overwork (cause a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system).
• Hypothermia.
• Lack of a permanent sexual partner.
• Promiscuity.
• Unprotected sexual intercourse.
• Smoking (harmful and toxic substances penetrate the body, radically changing the composition of mucus, which leads to the formation of a cervical plug. This reduces the protective properties of the immune system and does not protect the body from infectious lesions of the genitals).

Oophoritis can appear due to such pathogens as gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, tuberculosis, staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli and other harmful microorganisms. Exacerbation of ovarian inflammation can be provoked by banal hypothermia, use of intrauterine devices, abortions, menstruation, childbirth. In most cases, the disease is secondary, that is, the infection penetrates from other organs or through the blood and lymph.

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Symptoms of oophoritis

Symptoms of oophoritis depend on the stage of the pathological process. Palpation and ultrasound examination are used to determine the stage of the disease. With the help of diagnostics, it is possible to establish swelling, tissue changes and soreness of the ovaries. The pathology is acute, subacute and chronic. Moreover, each stage has its own characteristics of the course and symptoms.

If the inflammation is acute, the following symptoms occur:

• High temperature, general weakness, chills.
• Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Muscle and headache pain.
• Painful urination.
• The appearance of purulent discharge from the vagina.
• Uterine bleeding, which provokes the development of ovarian dysfunction.
• Intense pain in the lower abdomen, both unilateral and bilateral.
• Sharp pain during intercourse.

Acute oophoritis can be detected during a gynecological examination. The ovaries are significantly enlarged due to the inflammatory process and swelling, and are painful to palpation. The development of the acute form requires immediate hospitalization with inpatient treatment. With timely diagnosis and proper treatment, acute oophoritis can be completely cured.

If the disease becomes chronic, the following symptoms occur:

• Menstrual cycle disorders.
• Pain in the lower abdomen during sexual intercourse.
• Regular relapses of the disease due to overwork, hypothermia or infectious diseases.
• Dull and aching pain in the groin area and vagina, intensifying before menstruation and against the background of various diseases.
• Constant discharge (leucorrhoea) of a scanty nature.
• Lack of pregnancy despite regular attempts to conceive.

The chronic form is latent and represents advanced acute oophoritis. The pathology is most often diagnosed when searching for the cause of infertility or menstrual irregularities. When trying to palpate the appendages, painful sensations arise. The ovaries are significantly enlarged in size, dense in consistency, located behind the uterus.

Chronic oophoritis causes disturbances in the woman's neuropsychological state: poor sleep, decreased performance, irritability, rapid fatigue. In some cases, this stage can develop without an acute form. Thus, a number of sexually transmitted diseases are asymptomatic and cause inflammation of the ovaries, that is, oophoritis. If the pathology becomes protracted, it entails changes in the fallopian tubes, which leads to their obstruction. Secondary functional infertility and adhesions around the ovaries occur.

Acute oophoritis

Acute oophoritis is easy to diagnose by the symptoms characteristic of this stage. The disease occurs due to an infectious lesion. Harmful microorganisms and bacteria can penetrate the woman's body: staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia, mycobacterium tuberculosis and others.

Symptoms of acute oophoritis:

• Severe pain in the lower abdomen (unilateral and bilateral localization) and lower back.
• Painful and difficult urination.
• Dysfunction of the ovaries.
• Spotting and purulent discharge from the vagina.
• High temperature, insomnia, lethargy, irritability, general weakness.
• Discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse, which causes the disappearance of orgasm and refusal of intimacy.
• Pain and enlargement of the appendages.

The course of the disease causes pathological changes in the structure of the fallopian tube, which leads to its adhesion to the ovary and the formation of a single inflamed area. If the ovarian tissue begins to melt, then purulent masses are released from the fallopian tube. The main danger of the disease is intoxication of the body. If acute oophoritis is unilateral, then the disease can quickly spread to a healthy ovary. In this case, we can talk about a bilateral lesion, which is quite difficult to treat. Another danger of inflammation is the development of infertility. Therefore, timely treatment of the disease is very important.

The acute form of the disease is treated in a hospital, as this form is dangerous. The patient is examined and prescribed painkillers and antibiotics. During the recovery process, physiotherapy and balneological procedures are prescribed to prevent the disease. In addition, the woman must regularly take vitamin complexes and use vaginal suppositories to prevent relapses of the disease or its transition to a chronic form.

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Subacute oophoritis

Subacute oophoritis is very rare. The disease occurs against the background of tuberculosis or mycotic infectious lesions of the body. This form of pathology is characterized by the same symptoms as acute inflammation, only with less severity.

Timely diagnosis and treatment lead to complete recovery. Otherwise, the disease transforms into a chronic form, which is accompanied by constant remissions and exacerbations, has a long course and complex treatment.

Chronic oophoritis

Chronic oophoritis is a long-term inflammatory process in the ovaries, which occurs against the background of a weakened immune system. For a long time, the disease may not make itself known, that is, it may proceed without an acute stage, but causing dangerous consequences for the female body - infertility and adhesions in the fallopian tubes. Very often, the pathology is diagnosed due to the fact that a woman consulted a doctor due to the inability to get pregnant or an irregular menstrual cycle.

Symptoms of chronic oophoritis:

• Irregular menstruation.
• Dull, aching pain in the groin and lower abdomen, which intensifies before menstruation, after hypothermia or colds.
• Regular but not profuse leucorrhoea appears.
• Sexual desire decreases or disappears completely.
• Sharp pain occurs during sexual intercourse.
• Feeling tired, irritable, insomnia.
• No pregnancy.

Since the ovaries are a paired organ, oophoritis can be left-sided, right-sided, or bilateral. The latter has vague symptoms and is difficult to treat. Treatment of the chronic form of the disease is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process and painful sensations, restoring the protective properties of the immune system and the lost functions of the female reproductive system. Doctors are faced with the task of eliminating not only oophoritis, but also associated disorders (hormonal, nervous).

During exacerbations of the disease, immunomodulators are used to restore immunity. A mixture of medication and folk treatment has a special therapeutic effect. Traditional medicine suggests using herbal medicinal decoctions, making baths, douches and tampons from them. An important stage of treatment is the elimination of painful sensations. Long-term pain has a negative effect on the state of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, provokes nervousness, chronic fatigue and irritability. As for antibiotic treatment, they are used in the following cases: during exacerbation of inflammation, in the subacute and acute stages of oophoritis.

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Exacerbation of chronic oophoritis

Exacerbation of chronic oophoritis occurs very often and the main reason for this is a protracted inflammatory process and a weakened immune system. Treatment of exacerbations of the chronic form does not differ from therapy for the acute form of the disease. Most often, the disease worsens before the planned menstruation. The woman complains of painful sensations in the lower abdomen, urination disorders, abundant mucous or purulent discharge from the vagina, irritability, general malaise.

The symptoms of exacerbation of the chronic form combine the signs of the acute and subacute stages of the disease. The main symptoms of exacerbation of inflammation:

• Periodic disturbances of the menstrual cycle.
• Severe pain during intercourse.
• Pain in the lower abdomen, groin area and lower back.
• Increased fatigue, irritability, insomnia.
• Elevated body temperature, chills, general malaise.
• Pathological discharge from the ovaries.

Treatment of exacerbations of the chronic form of the disease can be carried out both on an outpatient basis and in a hospital setting, depending on the severity of the inflammatory process. If a tumor process or a focus of suppuration was detected during oophoritis, then surgical intervention is mandatory. A special place is occupied by vitamin therapy, physiotherapy and balneotherapy, that is, preventive methods.

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Left-sided oophoritis

Left-sided oophoritis indicates damage to one ovary. The main cause of the pathology is infectious diseases of the genital organs, gynecological interventions, weakened immunity, stress, hypothermia. The disease causes severe pain in the lower abdomen. With left-sided oophoritis, the pain is localized on the left, the woman has a fever that is difficult to bring down, and specific discharge comes from the vagina. In addition, bleeding may occur between periods, which is accompanied by general weakness and increased fatigue.

• Left-sided inflammation of the ovaries in most cases has a specific nature. That is, the cause may be pathogens of chlamydia, tuberculosis, mycoplasmosis or non-specific microorganisms that belong to opportunistic microflora - E. coli, staphylococci, streptococci, candida.
• Inflammation can be acute, subacute or chronic, each of which has different symptoms and course characteristics. In acute left-sided oophoritis, a woman complains of aching pain in the lower abdomen, which radiates to the sacrum and lower back. There is pain when urinating, and purulent and serous discharge from the genital tract is possible. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by constant exacerbations and remissions.
• Left-sided ovarian damage is diagnosed using a gynecological examination, laboratory tests, and bacteriological examination. If the ovary is enlarged and painful upon palpation, the patient is prescribed an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, hysterosalpingoscopy, and laparoscopy with a visual examination of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus.

It is very important to detect left-sided oophoritis in time and begin treatment. Since the pathology can lead to serious complications that will negatively affect the reproductive function of a woman and the body as a whole.

Right-sided oophoritis

Right-sided oophoritis is an inflammation of the right ovary, which has led to pathological changes in the appendage. Often, right-sided inflammation is confused with appendicitis, since both pathologies have similar symptoms. The woman begins to experience sharp girdle pains in the lower abdomen, which radiate to the lower back.

The disease is caused by infection and harmful microorganisms that can affect the entire body. Thus, without timely medical care, the inflammation can spread to a healthy ovary, affecting the digestive, endocrine and central nervous systems. A long-term course of the disease can cause infertility.

• Inflammation of the right ovary occurs due to gynecological interventions, abortion, insertion of an intrauterine device. Very often, a weakened immune system becomes the cause of oophoritis. Lack of personal hygiene, adherence to strict diets, frequent change of sexual partners and alcohol consumption lead to inflammation of the appendages.
• Right-sided oophoritis is characterized by severe pain in the lower abdomen on the right side. The woman complains of high temperature, excessive fatigue and weakness, abnormal vaginal discharge and bleeding. The disease causes menstrual irregularities, pain during intercourse.
• Treatment of the acute form of the disease is carried out in a hospital setting, and chronic oophoritis is treated on an outpatient basis. The patient is prescribed vaginal suppositories, antibiotics, and physiotherapy procedures. A mandatory condition for recovery is complete rest, the use of general strengthening drugs, and an increase in the protective properties of the immune system.

Bilateral oophoritis

Bilateral oophoritis is an inflammation of both ovaries at once. The causes of this pathology are no different from the factors that provoke unilateral damage to the sex glands. The main symptom is pain in the groin, lower abdomen and lower back, which are intense. In addition, pathological discharge comes from the vagina, uterine bleeding is possible between periods, as well as insomnia, general weakness and urination disorders.

There are acute, subacute and chronic forms of bilateral ovarian inflammation. Pathologies differ in the severity of the clinical picture and the approach to treatment. Bilateral oophoritis develops from a unilateral ovarian lesion. In this case, pathogenic microorganisms pass from the fallopian tubes through the abdominal cavity. If there is a simultaneous infection of the ovaries and the uterine cavity, the disease is called salpingo-oophoritis.

• The main cause of oophoritis is sexually transmitted infections or microorganisms that are part of the normal microflora. In this case, the provoking factor for the exacerbation of the disease is unprotected sexual intercourse, hypothermia, decreased protective properties of the immune system, infectious processes in the body, emotional and nervous shocks.
• Symptoms of bilateral inflammation are similar to those of one of the ovaries. If the disease becomes chronic, then during exacerbations, painful sensations occur in the lower abdomen, which radiate to the lower back and groin area. In addition, the woman experiences unusual vaginal discharge and dysuric disorders. The disease causes menstrual irregularities, pain after sex, physical exertion, and decreased sexual desire.
• During the diagnostic process, bilateral oophoritis causes swelling of the ovaries and the appearance of an abscess, which is palpated as a small lump. The woman undergoes laparoscopy to establish the stage of the pathology, as well as the localization of the inflammation. If necessary, a puncture and administration of drugs are performed.
• Treatment is aimed at eliminating intoxication of the body and weakening the inflammatory process. If oophoritis is in the acute stage, then broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are used for therapy. In addition, the patient is prescribed anesthetics, immunostimulants and vitamin complexes to combat infection. If the disease is chronic, then treatment is carried out with anti-inflammatory drugs and a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures.

Prevention of inflammation is mandatory, which means avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse, hypothermia and abortive actions. At the first signs of a cold, it is necessary to completely cure it in order to avoid relapses of damage to the appendages.

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Autoimmune oophoritis

Autoimmune oophoritis is a disease that occurs against the background of a weakened immune system. According to medical data, this disease leads to primary ovarian failure, which in 60% causes hypergonadotropic insufficiency and in 30% normogonadotropic ovarian failure. The true pathogenesis of the disease has not been fully studied, but it is well known that the pathological autoimmune process in the ovaries in 50% of cases causes concomitant lesions of the body. The disease can cause the development of type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

Autoimmune oophoritis causes serious histological changes. During the study, tissue infiltration is detected, which occurs due to the inflammatory process and is represented by plasmocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils. The presence of T-cells in the inflammatory infiltrate indicates the destruction of the normal structure of ovarian tissue. Not only histology, but also the immunohistological method are used to diagnose the disease. The final diagnosis is made after all possible studies have been carried out, as a rule, the results of three or more methods are taken into account.

For the treatment of autoimmune oophoritis, medications are used: glucocorticosteroids and antiestrogenic drugs. If the disease is at an early stage, then combined estrogens are used for therapy, which reduce the growth of the dominant follicle and autoantigen stimulation. The treatment is long-term, so the earlier the disease is detected, the better.

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Salpingitis and oophoritis

Salpingitis and oophoritis are two diseases with similar symptoms. Often, inflammation of the ovaries causes damage to the fallopian tubes, that is, salpingitis. The pathogens are various microorganisms that can combine, which provokes their resistance to antibiotics. Due to the changes that the inflammatory process entails, the fallopian tube fuses with the ovary, forming a single inflammatory formation. The neoplasm begins to accumulate pus in the fallopian tube, which leads to the destruction of ovarian tissue.

The main symptom of salpingitis and oophoritis is severe pain in the lower abdomen, in the right or left side. The degree of pain depends entirely on the stage of the disease. The pain can be sharp, aching, pulsating, cutting, and intensifies with physical exertion. The woman suffers from menstrual irregularities, and regularly experiences elevated body temperature and general weakness. There are problems with urination, and purulent discharge from the vagina is possible. If pus from the ovaries and fallopian tubes gets into the abdominal cavity, this leads to pelvic peritonitis. The chronic form of the disease leads to the proliferation of connective tissues.

Oophoritis and salpingitis are diagnosed using ultrasound, laboratory tests, laparoscopy and other diagnostic methods. The treatment is based on the diagnostic results. Therapy depends on the pathogen. If the disease is in the acute stage, the patient is sent to the hospital. In the first days, complete rest and application of ice and cold compresses to the abdomen are indicated. After this, the patient is prescribed painkillers and antimicrobials. If drug treatment is not effective, then surgical intervention is performed.

Oophoritis during pregnancy

Oophoritis and pregnancy are a concern for many women suffering from ovarian inflammation. The thing is that this disease causes serious complications that are dangerous for the reproductive system. A woman begins to experience dysfunction of the appendages, obstruction of the tubes, adhesions. 70% of patients suffer from menstrual irregularities, sexual dysfunction, inflammatory processes in other organs: cystitis, pyelonephritis, colitis and others. Chronic ovarian inflammation can cause ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and other pathologies.

That is why it is very important to detect and treat the disease in a timely manner. Because without this, it is impossible to restore reproductive function. When planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo a full examination. Oophoritis complicates normal gestation and childbirth due to damage to the ovaries. If left-sided inflammation develops, then the functions of the right ovary are preserved and vice versa. With bilateral oophoritis, both ovaries are inflamed, so the onset of pregnancy is problematic. The presence of infectious chaga in the pelvis can cause intrauterine infection of the fetus, which is fraught with dire consequences.

Functional disorders of the appendages reduce the production of estrogen and progesterone hormones, which disrupts the normal course of pregnancy and causes miscarriages. To eliminate this pathology, women undergo hormone replacement therapy. Let's consider the main preventive methods that will help to avoid diseases of the reproductive organs and oophoritis in particular.

• Avoid sexual intercourse without using barrier methods of contraception. This will protect against sexually transmitted diseases, and therefore reduce the risk of developing the disease.
• Avoid hypothermia, stress, psycho-emotional stress. Give up bad habits, smoking and alcohol reduce the protective properties of the immune system, which increases the possibility of infection with a non-specific form of the disease.
• A mandatory condition for preventing oophoritis is undergoing preventive gynecological examinations. This will allow timely detection of ovarian inflammation and the beginning of treatment, which means creating all the conditions for the normal course of pregnancy.

Is it possible to get pregnant with chronic oophoritis?

Is it possible to get pregnant with chronic oophoritis? This question is increasingly of interest to women with this diagnosis. Let's say right away that the combination of chronic inflammation and pregnancy is very unsuccessful. Dysfunction of the ovaries adversely affects attempts to conceive a child, the further course of pregnancy and childbirth. The production of the required amount of sex hormones necessary for the maturation and release of the egg from the follicle depends on the functionality of the appendages. And this in turn determines the possibility of fertilization.

The disease occurs due to infectious agents that can remain dormant in the female body for a long time. But since pregnancy is an additional burden on the body and immune system, the chronic form of oophoritis can worsen during pregnancy. In any case, with chronic inflammation, it is very important to undergo an examination to identify a latent form of pathology. If you refuse medical care, this will lead to complications such as:

• Hormonal imbalances that can lead to miscarriage.
• Very often the disease is accompanied by inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which causes the formation of adhesions. This leads to fertilization of the egg not in the uterus, but in the fallopian tube, that is, to an ectopic pregnancy.
• Disruptions in the functioning of the ovaries affect the full production of eggs and ovulation. Long-term oophoritis causes infertility.
• Due to the source of the infectious focus in the woman's body, intrauterine infection of the fetus is possible. Infection can occur both during pregnancy and during childbirth, when the baby passes through the birth canal.

Therapy of chronic oophoritis during pregnancy with antibiotics is strictly prohibited. Therefore, it is extremely important to undergo a full course of examination and treatment when planning pregnancy.

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Diagnostics

Diagnosis of oophoritis is quite a difficult task. This is explained by the fact that acute pain in the lower abdomen and other symptoms of pathology can occur with many diseases - cysts, ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis and others. As a rule, diagnosis occurs when a patient consults a doctor with complaints of menstrual irregularities, infertility or regular pain in the lower abdomen. In order for the diagnosis to be reliable, it is necessary to conduct a number of examinations and draw conclusions based on their results.

• Gynecological examination and anamnesis collection – the doctor examines the patient on the chair and palpates the ovaries. With oophoritis, the appendages are enlarged and cause painful sensations. Particular attention is paid to the presence or absence of vaginal discharge and the general condition of the body. When collecting anamnesis, various intrauterine procedures, possible abortions, complications after childbirth and previously suffered inflammatory diseases are taken into account.
• Laboratory tests – blood and urine are taken from the patient, which are examined for the level of leukocytes. If it is elevated, this indicates inflammation. Smears from the urethra and vagina are mandatory.
• Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.
• Hysterosalpingoscopy is a procedure that allows identifying pathological changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes, the cause of which is chronic inflammation of the ovaries.
• Research on the presence of infectious agents - the patient undergoes ELISA, PCR and RIF diagnostics. If purulent or tuberculous inflammation is detected, then additional research is carried out.
• Laparoscopy is one of the most informative methods of oophoritis diagnostics. The examination allows to examine the fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries and differentiate the diagnosis. The main indication for laparoscopy is chronic pain in the lower abdomen, long-term infertility, inflammation of the ovaries of unclear genesis. If the inflammation is chronic, then disturbances in the passage of the fallopian tubes, adhesions, formations in the ovaries and fallopian tubes are formed. The severity of pathologies depends on the duration of the inflammatory process and the frequency of relapses.

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Ultrasound signs

Oophoritis on ultrasound allows you to get your bearings in making a final diagnosis and choosing a treatment method. Ultrasound examination of ovarian inflammation is an additional diagnostic method. Therefore, after its implementation, the conclusion may indicate the presence of signs of oophoritis. A number of additional examinations are carried out to confirm them.

The disease may be suspected due to the close location of the ovary along the uterine rib, as a rule, this is a congenital pathology. If the patient has no complaints and the ultrasound does not reveal any pathological changes, this indicates the absence of the disease. Ultrasound examination itself is not used to make a diagnosis, since such diagnostics are considered incomplete. It is impossible to fully examine the appendages affected by inflammation and the severity of the disease on the monitor. Most often, ultrasound is performed when chronic oophoritis is suspected, but in the acute form of the disease, this method is not effective.

Echo signs of oophoritis

Echo signs of oophoritis allow determining the degree of the inflammatory process. During examination, the ovaries are enlarged and painful to palpation. If the inflammation has spread to the fallopian tubes, then adhesions and purulent foci with serous fluid are possible. In case of chronic inflammation, obstruction of the fallopian tubes and other pathological changes may be detected.

The results of the ultrasound examination and echo signs of the disease are used to establish a final diagnosis and develop treatment tactics. If the echo signs of oophoritis are clearly expressed, the patient is hospitalized. If the disease is chronic, then the examination shows changes not only in the ovaries, but also in the entire reproductive system.

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Treatment of oophoritis

Treatment of the pathology is possible after a complete differential diagnosis. Therapy depends on the stage of the disease (chronic, acute, subacute), causes of the inflammatory process and characteristic symptoms.

• The acute form of the disease is treated only in a hospital. Therapy begins with bed rest and applying cold compresses to the lower abdomen. The patient is prescribed desensitizing and pain-relieving agents, antibacterial, and general tonic drugs.
• The subacute stage of the disease is treated in the same way as the acute stage, but in addition, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed.
• Chronic oophoritis is treated for a long time and is quite difficult. Advanced inflammation can cause serious complications requiring surgical intervention. The patient undergoes a full diagnosis and an individual course of treatment. The therapy consists of drug treatment and physiotherapy procedures.

As for physiotherapy procedures, the patient may be prescribed electrophoresis, hirudotherapy, magnetic therapy, gynecological massage, laser therapy and other methods. Such treatment reduces the risk of adhesions and obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Pain-relieving methods, such as physiotherapy and acupuncture, reduce or completely eliminate pain that negatively affects the functioning of the body. If inflammation flares up, immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed to maintain the body's defenses.

The main goal of treatment is to provide an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, restore the functions of the genitals, improve the immune system, and eliminate abnormalities in the hormonal, nervous, and vascular systems of the body. Often, folk remedies and herbal medicine are used, which are also used to prevent oophoritis. The therapy is long-term, but it must be completed. If the cause of the disease is sexually transmitted infections, the partner is prescribed a simultaneous course of treatment to avoid the development of infertility or prostatitis. Please note that sexual activity is not recommended during the treatment period.

Antibiotic treatment

Treatment of oophoritis with antibiotics is a rather urgent issue, since the rationality of using these drugs depends on the form of the disease. Medicines of this group are used for relapses of chronic inflammation and for intensification of pathological processes in the ovaries. Antibiotics help during exacerbations, as well as in combination with physiotherapy and general strengthening therapy.

The causative agents of the disease can be bacteria such as E. coli, chlamydia, ureaplasma, staphylococci and streptococci and other microorganisms that are part of the normal vaginal microflora. The choice of antibiotics depends on the body's sensitivity to the drug. For this, a bacteriological culture is carried out and the type of pathogen is determined. If sulfanilamide-based antibiotics were not used during the acute stage of the disease, they can be used to eliminate chronic and recurrent inflammation. Let's consider popular drugs for the treatment of oophoritis.

Antibacterial agents:

• Azithromycin
• Sumamed
• Amoxiclav
• Hexamethylenetetramine
• Urotropin
• Gentamicin
• Doxycycline
• Unidox Solutab
• Doxibene
• Clindafer
• Dalacin
• Metronidazole
• Flagyl
• Trichopolum
• Nevigramon
• Ofloxacin
• Rulid
• Cefotaxime
• Ceftriaxone
• Cefaxon
• Ciprofloxacin
• Microphlox
• Afenoksin

In addition to antibiotics, treatment involves the use of painkillers such as: Acetylsalicylic acid, Aspirin, Asalgin, Analgin, Nospaz, Smazmalgon and others. Therapy should also include vitamin complexes to support the immune system and restore the body's defenses: vitamin C (Celascon, Redoxon, UUPSA C), vitamin E and rutin.

Please note that all antibiotics are selected individually for each patient. To do this, the doctor conducts a bacteriological analysis of a vaginal smear for the sensitivity of the pathogen to various drugs. Taking antibiotics without this analysis is prohibited, since such treatment will not only be useless, but will also harm the body.

Treatment with candles

Suppositories for oophoritis are used for any form of this pathology. Treatment of ovarian inflammation is a long and complex process. Chronic inflammation, which causes infertility, is especially dangerous. But thanks to a huge selection of medications and timely treatment, infertility can be avoided. Vaginal and rectal suppositories for ovarian inflammation are especially popular and effective. But the use of suppositories alone will not help to completely eliminate the disease, since they only alleviate clinical symptoms and improve the effect of other drugs used in complex therapy.

Let's look at the most effective suppositories used for ovarian inflammation:

1. Hexicon

Suppositories for intravaginal administration with the active substance antiseptic - chlorhexidine bigluconate. The drug is effective against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and protozoa. The active substance does not affect the normal microflora of the vagina. The drug is not active against viruses, acid-resistant bacteria and fungi.

• The main indications for the use of the drug: preventive therapy in obstetrics and gynecology before abortion, surgery or childbirth. Suppositories are used for the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, acute, chronic vaginitis, oophoritis, exocervicitis and other diseases.
• Suppositories are intended for deep insertion into the vagina, 1 suppository 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-12 days, in case of a complex infection it can last 20 days or more.
• Hexicon can cause allergic reactions in the form of itching and burning in the genital area. But after discontinuing the drug, the side effects disappear. Suppositories are contraindicated for use in case of individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Suppositories can be used during pregnancy and lactation to prevent ovarian inflammation, since the active substances have low absorption.

1. Betadine

Suppositories, the active substance of which is iodine. The concentration of iodine in one suppository is 0.1-1%. The drug has an antiseptic effect, is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and acid-resistant microorganisms. The active substance has a detrimental effect on pathological microflora, since iodine has oxidizing properties, that is, it destroys enzymes and bacterial walls.

• Betadine is used to treat oophoritis in combination with other drugs. Suppositories are effective against bacterial vaginosis, genital herpes, candidiasis, trichomoniasis. Very often, this drug is used in preoperative preparation, for example, before removing an ovarian abscess or any other neoplasm.
• The doctor prescribes the dosage, but, as a rule, 1 suppository is used 1-2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days. Betadine has a water-soluble base, so the suppositories do not irritate the vaginal mucosa.
• Long-term use of suppositories causes allergic reactions - itching, burning, redness of the vaginal mucosa and external genitalia. Betadine is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

3. Indomethacin suppositories

The active substance of suppositories is indomethacin, each suppository contains 50-100 mg. Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the formation of prostaglandins, that is, sources of pain. Suppositories have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregation and analgesic effects. •

Suppositories are administered rectally after emptying the bowels. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. The drug is contraindicated for use in case of hypersensitivity to its components, severe kidney pathology, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. Suppositories are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation.

Before using any medication, read the instructions carefully, this also applies to suppositories for oophoritis. In some cases, douching is required before using suppositories. For these purposes, pharmacy chamomile or furacilin are suitable. It is best to use suppositories before going to bed, but do not forget to use a sanitary pad, as the suppository may leak or fall out, staining the bed and underwear. Even if the suppository has partially leaked, you cannot put in a new one, as this will lead to an overdose of the drug.

It is not recommended to use suppositories on your own for ovarian inflammation. The thing is that this pathology is easily disguised as other gynecological problems with similar symptoms. Therefore, consult a doctor, undergo a full examination and use only those drugs that the doctor prescribed.

Folk remedies

Traditional treatment of oophoritis involves treating the disease with medicinal herbs and other means that are safe for the female body. Despite the fact that oophoritis is a serious disease, it can be cured without antibiotics or drugs with side effects. But therapy with traditional remedies is only suitable for those patients who have been diagnosed with chronic inflammation, both unilateral and bilateral.

Folk treatment is especially effective in the early stages of the disease. Medicinal herbs are used for therapy, from which solutions are made for douching, baths or decoctions for internal use.

• A medicinal infusion of linden and chamomile flowers will help relieve the symptoms of ovarian inflammation. To prepare the infusion, mix the flowers of the plants in a 2:3 ratio. Pour cold water over the mixture, bring to a boil and let it brew for 30-40 minutes. Strain the cooled infusion and use for douching or baths. The course of treatment is 10-14 days.
• A decoction of oak and linden is also effective for this disease. Mix the plants in a 2:3 ratio, add water and leave in a water bath for 30-40 minutes. Once the decoction has cooled, it must be filtered and used for douching in the morning and before bed.
• The following herbal mixture will help with chronic bilateral oophoritis. Take immortelle flowers, birch and strawberry leaves (2 parts each), mint and yarrow, nettle leaves, string, hawthorn or rose hips (3 parts each) and rowan berries (1 part). Grind all the ingredients, pour boiling water over them and leave for 10-12 hours. After that, strain the solution and take ½ cup three times a day.
• An infusion of the following medicinal herbs has an antiseptic effect, improves blood circulation in the ovaries and has a desensitizing effect. Take licorice root, string, aralia root, immortelle flowers, elecampane root (1 part each), field horsetail (2 parts) and rose hips (3 parts). All ingredients must be crushed, poured with boiling water, boiled and infused for 10-12 hours. Strain the resulting infusion through a double gauze swab and take ¼ cup three times a day after meals for 1-2 months.
• Fresh Kalanchoe juice has medicinal properties. Wash and chop the leaves of the plant thoroughly, grind them with a blender or in a mortar until they become mushy. Squeeze the resulting pulp thoroughly through cheesecloth. The medicine is taken internally by a teaspoon or diluted with boiled water. Baths and tampons can be made from Kalanchoe. The juice of the plant should be stored for no longer than 7 days at a temperature of +8, but not below 0 degrees.

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Herbal treatment

Treatment of oophoritis with herbs is based on the medicinal properties of plants. Herbs are used to make infusions, decoctions, baths and douches. Let's look at several herbal recipes for eliminating ovarian inflammation.

• This recipe is effective for treating the chronic form of the disease. Mix equal parts of centaury, coltsfoot and sweet clover. Pour an equal amount of boiling water over the herbs, cover with a lid, wrap up and let it brew for 3-4 hours. The infusion must be filtered and drunk 1/3 cup 4-6 times a day, the duration of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
• Take 10 g of cornflower petals, dry corn silk, sedge grass, 15 g of elderberry root, bearberry grass, birch buds and 5 g of horsetail. Mix the entire mixture thoroughly, pour a liter of boiling water over it and leave it to brew overnight. In the morning, boil the infusion over low heat, cool and strain. The entire volume of the medicine should be drunk in one day in small portions. The course of treatment is 1.5-2 months.
• Pour boiling water over 2 tablespoons of cinquefoil herb and leave to infuse for 1-2 hours. Strain through cheesecloth, squeeze well, dilute with boiled water and take ¼ cup every morning before meals.
• The following folk recipe is suitable for douching: mix equal parts of oak bark, mistletoe, nettle and daisy leaves. Add 10 g of dry shepherd's purse and water pepper to the herbal mixture and mix thoroughly. Pour boiling water over the mixture and let it brew for 2-3 hours. Strain and use the warm infusion as a douching agent. The procedure can be performed 3-4 times a day.

Before you start treating oophoritis with herbs, be sure to consult a doctor. This will help avoid contraindications and side effects.

Prevention

Prevention of oophoritis is a series of recommendations, the observance of which will help prevent inflammation of the ovaries and a number of other diseases. Let's consider the main preventive methods that reduce the risk of developing the disease.

• Use barrier contraception from the first sexual intercourse and in all cases when conception is not planned. This will protect against a number of sexually transmitted diseases and infections.
• Watch your diet. Eat more vitamins, vegetables and fruits. Give preference to healthy food.
• Regularly carry out prevention of chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages: salpingitis, adnexitis, salpingo-oophoritis. Do not forget that timely preventive measures will protect against the formation and progression of the adhesion process. And this will protect against infertility, disability and antibiotic therapy.
• Treat any illnesses promptly, especially genital and extragenital infections. Don't forget about regular check-ups with a gynecologist.
• Do not take shared baths with water temperature above 38°C. Do not overuse sunbathing and solarium services, avoid hypothermia.
• Take care of your psycho-emotional health, do not subject your body to heavy physical and nervous stress. As this will negatively affect your overall health.

Forecast

The prognosis of oophoritis depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's age and individual characteristics of the body. Complications of the pathology can be very different, but most often inflammation of the ovaries becomes the cause of such ailments as:

• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system.
• Diseases of the urinary tract.
• Menstrual cycle disorders and the appearance of pathological discharge.
• Various endocrine disorders and deterioration of the central nervous system.
• The appearance of a purulent tumor, which leads to the removal of the fallopian tube and ovaries.
• Development of an adhesion process that causes obstruction of the fallopian tubes and improper functioning of the ovaries.
• Ectopic pregnancy, infertility, hormonal imbalances.

Oophoritis, regardless of its stage, is treatable. Full recovery, favorable prognosis and minimum complications are possible only with timely medical care. Even the chronic form of the disease can be treated, although the therapy will be long and complicated. Inflammation of the ovaries with proper treatment is not a threat to motherhood. Regular preventive examinations by a gynecologist and a healthy lifestyle are the key to women's health.

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