Nicorette

Nicorette is a brand that provides a wide range of products to help with nicotine addiction and smoking cessation. These products typically contain nicotine in various forms and are designed to help people who want to quit smoking, manage nicotine dependence and reduce the nicotine hunger that can occur when quitting smoking.

Nicorette products include the following forms:

1. Chewing gum: This is nicotine gum that can be chewed to gradually release nicotine into the body. This helps to reduce nicotine hunger and the desire to smoke.
2. Lollipops: These lollipops contain nicotine and are designed to be popped in the mouth to gradually release nicotine and help reduce the desire to smoke.
3. Sprays and inhalers: These products also contain nicotine and can be used to inhale or spray nicotine into the mouth.
4. Patches: These are patches that stick on the skin and release nicotine through the skin, providing a gradual exposure to nicotine to the body.

Nicorette products can be effective tools in the process of combating nicotine addiction and helping you quit smoking. However, it is important to consult with your doctor before using any product or making a decision to stop smoking, especially if you have any medical problems or are taking medications.

Indications Nicorette

1. Fighting nicotine addiction: Can be used to help people who want to get rid of the nicotine addiction that comes with smoking.
2. Smoking cessation help: Nicorette products are designed for those who are committed to quitting smoking but have difficulty quitting nicotine.
3. Managing nicotine hunger: May help reduce the desire to smoke and reduce the nicotine hunger that often occurs in people trying to stop smoking.
4. Preventing Quitting Smoking: Nicorette products can be used to prevent a return to smoking after a person has successfully quit smoking.
5. Maintaining Nicotine Withdrawal: May be useful for maintaining withdrawal from smoking, preventing relapses and helping to maintain progress.

Release form

1. Chewing gum: One of the most popular forms, Nicorette chewing gum is available in a variety of flavors and two nicotine concentrations (usually 2 mg and 4 mg per gum). Chewing gums are designed to release nicotine gradually through the oral mucosa when chewed.
2. Lollipops/pastilles: These lozenges dissolve slowly in the mouth, gradually releasing nicotine. Like chewing gum, they help control smoking cravings and are available in different dosages.
3. Inhaler: Nicorette inhaler is a device with a cartridge containing nicotine. When you use it, you inhale the nicotine aerosol through your mouth, which helps to satisfy cravings for smoking.
4. Mouth Spray: The spray quickly delivers nicotine to the body through the mucous membrane of the mouth, providing quick relief from smoking cravings. This can be especially helpful for smokers looking for a quick way to reduce cravings for cigarettes.
5. Transdermal patch: Nicorette also offers nicotine patches that stick to the skin. The patches release nicotine through the skin throughout the day, helping to reduce the urge to smoke and ease nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Nicotine replacement: Nicorette is a form of nicotine that enters the body through the oral mucosa when applied topically. This nicotine helps reduce the smoker's nicotine withdrawal symptoms, such as the urge to smoke, as well as withdrawal symptoms.
2. Reducing nicotine addiction: By gradually reducing the dose of nicotine consumed by the body, Nicorette helps to reduce the physical dependence on nicotine and gradually wean the body from the need for its constant intake.
3. Reducing the desire to smoke: Nicotine delivered to the body through the drug may help reduce the desire to smoke, making it easier to stop smoking.
4. Maintaining nicotine levels in the body: Using Nicorette helps to maintain nicotine levels in the body, which can help prevent the strong desire to return to smoking.
5. Improved smoking cessation effectiveness: Using the drug as part of a smoking cessation program may increase the likelihood of successful smoking cessation by reducing physical dependence and decreasing the desire to smoke.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: The nicotine in Nicorette is rapidly absorbed through the oral mucosa when the dragee is chewed. This route of administration bypasses the liver and provides rapid exposure.
2. Distribution: Once absorbed, nicotine is rapidly distributed to organs and tissues, including the brain, where it exerts its effects on nicotinic receptors.
3. Metabolism: Nicotine is metabolized in the liver to form active metabolites such as cotinine. These metabolites can be excreted from the body by the kidneys.
4. Excretion: Nicotine and its metabolites are excreted through the urine.
5. Half-life: The half-life of nicotine is about 2 hours.
6. Mechanism of Action: Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, resulting in the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This mechanism of action helps to reduce withdrawal symptoms and the desire to smoke.

Dosing and administration

Nicorette's method of use and dosages vary depending on the form of the product. It is important to choose the method that best suits your lifestyle and smoking habits, and follow the instructions on the package or your doctor's recommendations for the best results in combating nicotine addiction. Here are general guidelines for using the different forms of Nicorette:

Chewing gum

• Dosage: Available in two dosages - 2mg and 4mg nicotine per gum.
• How to use: Chew slowly until the taste is pungent, then place the rubber band between your cheek and gum until the taste disappears. Repeat this process for approximately 30 minutes.

Pastilles

• Dosage: Also available in 2 mg and 4 mg dosages.
• How to use: Dissolve the lozenge in your mouth, occasionally moving it from one side of your mouth to the other until it is completely dissolved (about 20-30 minutes).

Inhaler

• How to use: Inhale nicotine vapor through the inhaler every time you feel the urge to smoke. Use as much as needed according to the instructions on the package.

Mouth spray

• How to use: One squeeze dispenses a specific amount of nicotine. Spray into the mouth, avoiding the throat and lips, whenever you feel the urge to smoke. Follow the recommended number of sprays per day as directed.

Transdermal patch

• Dosage: The patches are available in various dosages, usually expressed as mg of nicotine released in 24 hours.
• How to use: Apply the patch to a clean, dry and hairless part of the skin every morning and wear throughout the day.

General recommendations

• Start with a dosage that matches your current nicotine intake, and gradually reduce the dosage to quit nicotine completely over time.
• Avoid drinking coffee, juices, wine and carbonated beverages for 15 minutes before and during product use as this may reduce the effectiveness of nicotine absorption.
• Follow the instructions on the package and your doctor's recommendations for gradual dose reduction.

Use Nicorette during pregnancy

The use of Nicorette during pregnancy should be under the strict supervision of a doctor. Nicotine is known to have toxic effects on the fetus, and its use during pregnancy can affect the development of the baby and lead to various complications, including premature birth, low birth weight and other problems.

Generally, doctors prefer to avoid using Nicorette during pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters when the risk to the fetus is highest. Instead, they may recommend other methods of combating nicotine addiction, such as psychological support, behavioral therapies, or other safe methods.

If a woman is planning a pregnancy or is already pregnant and is experiencing nicotine dependence, it is important to discuss this with a doctor. The doctor will be able to assess individual circumstances and recommend the best way to deal with the addiction, taking into account the potential risks and benefits to the mother and fetus.

Contraindications

1. Allergic Reaction: People with known hypersensitivity to nicotine or other components of Nicorette should not use this product due to the risk of allergic reactions.
2. Heart problems: Nicotine can affect the cardiovascular system, so the drug may be contraindicated in people with serious heart conditions such as arrhythmias, angina and heart failure.
3. Vascular problems: In people with vascular disease, such as peripheral arterial disease or cerebrovascular disease, the use of Nicorette may be contraindicated due to the risk of worsening the vascular condition.
4. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Use of Nicorette during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires medical advice. Although the nicotine in the product is less harmful than the nicotine that enters the body from smoking tobacco, its use should be recommended by a doctor.
5. Stomach and digestive problems: Nicotine can cause irritation of the gastric mucosa, so the drug may be contraindicated in people with peptic ulcer, gastritis or other gastrointestinal diseases.
6. Children: The drug is not intended for use in children under 18 years of age without medical advice.

Side effects Nicorette

1. Irritation in themouth: Some people may experience irritation in the mouth, including itching, redness, or burning.
2. Runny noseor cough: Some users may experience symptoms of runny nose or cough.
3. Headache: Some people may experience headache or dizziness.
4. Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat): Nicorette may cause rapid heartbeat in some users.
5. Insomnia or drowsiness: Nicorette may cause insomnia in some people and drowsiness in others.
6. Increase in blood pressure: Nicorette may cause an increase in blood pressure in some users.
7. Change in taste: Some people may notice a change in taste in the mouth when using Nicorette.
8. GI side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms may occur.
9. Allergic Reactions: Some users may experience allergic reactions such as hives, itching or swelling.
10. Dental problems: When using Nicorette chewing gum, you may experience problems with your teeth or gums, such as softening of the enamel or irritation of the gums.

Overdose

1. Excess nicotine exposure: This can lead to symptoms similar to nicotine poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, palpitations, sweating, diarrhea, insomnia, abdominal pain, etc.
2. High Blood Pressure and Heart Problems: A person can experience high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and even have a heart attack or stroke.
3. Central and peripheral agitation: This can lead to anxiety, nervousness, trembling, restlessness, seizures and other neurological symptoms.
4. Respiratory problems: In severe nicotine overdose, respiratory arrest or respiratory failure may occur.
5. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other symptoms associated with gastrointestinal discomfort.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Nicotinomimetics: Use of other medicines containing nicotine or nicotine analogs (e.g. Nicotine patches or chewing gum) with Nicorette may result in increased nicotine exposure and an increased risk of undesirable side effects such as dizziness, nausea and palpitations.
2. Drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450: Nicotine may affect the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which may alter the metabolism of other drugs metabolized by these enzymes. This may increase or decrease the blood concentrations of other drugs and alter their efficacy or safety.
3. Drugs for the treatment of hypertension: Nicotine can increase blood pressure and increase the effect of blood pressure-lowering drugs such as antihypertensives. This may require adjusting the doses of these medications.
4. Diabetes medications: Nicotine may increase blood glucose levels and impair control of diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus may need to adjust doses of insulin or hypoglycemic medications when using Nicorette.
5. Medications for heart and vascular disease: Nicotine may increase cardiac activity and alter the effects of medications used to treat cardiovascular disease. In such cases, doses of these medications may need to be adjusted.