Neuroxone

Neuroxon is a subcategory of psychostimulants; it is used in the treatment of ADHD. It is a nootropic substance.

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Indications Neuroxon

It is used for therapy in the following conditions:

• stroke;
• cerebral blood flow disorders in the acute stage, as well as the consequences of such disorders;
• received TBI and complications of these injuries of a neurological nature;
• cognitive or behavioral disorders resulting from chronic degenerative and vascular cerebral disorders.

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Release form

The pharmaceutical element is released in injection liquid, 0.5 or 1 g inside ampoules with a capacity of 4 ml. Inside the cell plate - 5 ampoules; in the box - 2 such plates.

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Pharmacodynamics

Citicoline helps stimulate the development of biosynthesis of systemic phospholipids of neuronal walls, which was discovered during the implementation of MRS procedures. This principle of influence allows citicoline to improve the activity of the following membrane functions - the activity of ion-exchange endings and pumps, whose modulation is required for the stable conduction of neuronal impulses.

The normalizing effect on the neural walls leads to the development of an anti-edematous effect, which helps to reduce cerebral edema.

Experimental tests have shown that citicoline slows down the activity of individual phospholipases (such as A1 and A2, as well as C and D), reduces the volume of free radicals formed, prevents the destruction of membrane structures and ensures the preservation of antioxidant protective structures (including glutathione).

The active component preserves the neuronal energy reserve, and at the same time slows down the processes of apoptosis and stimulates the binding of acetylcholine.

Experiments have confirmed that citicoline has prophylactic neuroprotective activity in cases of focal cerebral ischemia.

Clinical tests have shown that citicoline helps restore functions in people with acute ischemia, which disrupts intracerebral blood flow, and slows down the growth of ischemic brain damage (during neuroimaging).

In people with TBI, the drug increases the rate of recovery, and also reduces the severity and shortens the duration of existing post-traumatic stress disorder.

The drug increases attention and consciousness, affects neurological and cognitive disorders that arise due to cerebral ischemia, and at the same time helps reduce the intensity of amnesia symptoms.

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Pharmacokinetics

The use of the drug leads to a significant increase in plasma choline values. The substance is metabolized in the liver and intestines; in the process, the components cytidine and choline are formed.

The introduced citicoline undergoes distribution inside the brain structures, quickly being included by choline fractions in phospholipid structures and by cytidine fractions in cytidine nucleotides with nucleic acids. Inside the brain, the component undergoes integration with mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and also cell walls, being built inside the system of phospholipid fractions.

Only an insignificant part of the drug dosage (less than 3%) is excreted through feces and urine. Approximately 12% of the dose is excreted with exhaled CO2.

The excretion of the drug with urine has 2 stages: the 1st lasts 36 hours (during which the excretion rate decreases quickly), and during the 2nd the decrease in the excretion rate occurs much more slowly. A similar stage-by-stage process also accompanies the excretion process through the respiratory tract. At first, the decrease in rate occurs quickly (in the first 15 hours), and then much more slowly.

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Dosing and administration

Adults need to take 0.5-2 g of the substance per day (the exact dose depends on the intensity of the manifestations of the pathology).

The substance is administered to the patient intravenously or intramuscularly.

The medication is administered intravenously by injection at a low speed (3-5 minutes, depending on the size of the portion used), or by drip (at a speed of 40-60 drops/minute).

A maximum of 2 g of the substance may be administered per day. The duration of therapy depends on the course of the disease and is selected by the attending physician.

The injection fluid can be administered only once - it is used immediately after opening the ampoule. The remaining part of the substance must be disposed of. The medication can be mixed with any isotonic fluids for intravenous injections, and in addition with a hypertonic glucose solution.

If there is a need to continue the therapeutic course, the solution can be used for oral administration.

Use Neuroxon during pregnancy

There is insufficient information regarding the use of citicoline in pregnant women. There is also no information regarding the excretion of the substance with breast milk and its effect on the fetus. During lactation or pregnancy, Neuroxon is used only in situations where the benefit to the woman is expected to be higher than the likelihood of the risk of negative consequences for the baby or fetus.

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Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• severe intolerance associated with citicoline or other components of the drug;
• increased parasympathetic nervous system tone.

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Side effects Neuroxon

Side effects include:

• disorders affecting the PNS or CNS: vertigo, severe headaches or hallucinations;
• disorders in the functioning of the cardiovascular system: tachycardia and decrease or increase in blood pressure;
• Respiratory system disorders: dyspnea;
• problems with digestive function: vomiting, nausea or diarrhea;
• immune manifestations: signs of allergy, including purpura, anaphylaxis, itching, exanthema, and also rashes, Quincke's edema, hyperemia and urticaria;
• systemic disorders: changes in the injection area or the appearance of chills.

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Interactions with other drugs

Citicoline potentiates the effects of levodopa.

It is prohibited to combine Neuroxon with medications that contain meclofenoxate.

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Storage conditions

Neuroxon should be stored in a place inaccessible to small children. Temperature readings should not exceed 30°C.

Shelf life

Neuroxon can be used within a 36-month period from the date of manufacture of the medicinal substance.

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Application for children

There are only limited data regarding the use of drugs in pediatrics.

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Analogues

Analogues of the drug are Kvanil, Citimax-Darnitsa, Diphosphocin and Somazina with Somaxon, as well as Cytocon, Lira, Farmakson, Neurodar with Ceraxon and Citicoline-Novo with Neocebron.

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