The nature of discharge from the nose: dense, thick, foamy, liquid, mucous, bloody

Important diagnostic information is the nature of the discharge from the nose.

Periodically appearing mukonasal secret can not be considered a symptom of the disease, rather mucus performs its natural function - protection, moisturizing the tissues of nasal passages. Coryza, which differs from natural secretions, in volume, intensity, color and consistency of discharge may be a sign of the first stage of the disease. The nature of discharge from the nose is the first signals about the unhealthy state of local and general immunity.

Types of muconasal mucus:

• Transparent, small in the amount of secretion - a variant of the normal state without signs of respiratory pathologies.
• Runny nose with discharge, colored yellow or greenish shade. This type of mucus signals an acute form of a viral or bacterial disease.
• A mucus secret with an obvious green tint is a sign of a purulent inflammation. Most often the process is localized in the paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales).
• The rhinitis of a yellow shade is a signal about the developed purulent process, less often it can testify to the reaction of the nasal excretory system to a certain type of antibacterial therapy.
• Mucus with splashes of blood, bleeding is a clear sign of vascular disorders and a violation of the norm of hemoglobin in the blood.
• The brown tinge of nasal secretions can indicate a number of serious pathologies, abuse of tobacco smoking, or an extremely polluted environment (dust, industrial exhausts).

There are several more typical signs, when the nature of the discharge from the nose helps the doctor to quickly find out the etiology of the inflammatory process:

1. The liquid consistency of mucus indicates a low level of mucin content. This, in turn, is a clear sign of a viral or allergic disease (leaching of the virus, allergen). Also, abundant clear mucus may indicate the first stage of a viral infection.
2. The viscous mukonasal secret is a symptom of a bacterial "invasion", when the production of mucin is activated to envelop and excrete molecules of bacterial agents. In addition, a thick rhinitis with a decrease in the intensity of concomitant symptoms may indicate a terminal stage of inflammation and rapid healing.

Purulent discharge from the nose

The acute process of inflammation that accompanies purulent discharge from the nose, in the practice of otolaryngoles is called purulent rhinitis. The causes of this condition can be various diseases, but the list of bacterial infections leads the list.

Inflammation of bacterial etiology is divided into the following stages:

1. The phase of edema of the nasal mucosa (dry phase). Difficulty breathing, there is an itch in the nostrils, there may be a series of sneezing reflex without noticeable mukonasal secretions.
2. Bacterial phase, when the nose is literally "hammered", and breathing is necessary with the help of inhalation and exhalation through the mouth. This is the stage of the formation of clots of mucus with a high content of mucin.
3. Purulent discharge from the nose. The phase of the rejection of molecules of bacterial infection. Puffiness subsides, it becomes easier to breathe, but overall the health can worsen, the temperature rises, a headache appears.

If you stop the inflammatory process in the first or second stage, you can significantly reduce the risk of sinusitis and its variety - sinusitis. Started and not treated in time, the third phase triggers a mechanism of inflammation in the nearby zones of the nasopharynx, the pus accumulates in the sinuses of the nose. A similar condition is assessed by doctors as an acute, complicated form of bacterial inflammation.

Symptoms, signs that can accompany purulent discharge from the nose:

• Runny nose does not go away within 10-14 days.
• To mucous secretions a strong headache is attached, which can be intensified by turning or tilting the head.
• Nasal mucus gains a thick and characteristic shade of yellow with green patches.
• It is very difficult to bleat to a patient, it takes considerable effort.
• Allocations have a specific unpleasant odor.

Provoke purulent mucus more often such bacterial agents:

• Staphylococcus.
• Mollicutes.
• Streptococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus).
• Haemophilus influenzae.
• Moraxella catarrhalis.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Proteus mirabilis.
• Klebsiella pneumoniae.

In addition to bacteria purulent secret can provoke viruses:

• Rhinovirus.
• Coronaviridae.
• Influenza viruses.
• Parainfluenza (parainfluenza).
• Adenoviridae.
• Enterovirus.
• Human orthopneumovirus (HRSV).

Almost all of the listed pathogens belong to the conditionally pathogenic category, so active immune defense is the main barrier in the pathway of viruses and bacteria. Taking care of immunity, a person reduces the risk of attack of malicious agents by at least half, and also speeds up the recovery process without any negative complications.

Transparent discharge from the nose

Allergy is almost always accompanied by nasal secretions. The rhinitis of an allergic etiology is specific, is revealed quickly, as it has characteristic signs. Transparent discharge from the nose in allergies can be as follows:

• Atypical lacrimation combined with eye irritation.
• Rinorrhea, when the runny nose does not stop even after taking vasoconstrictive nasal drugs.
• Feeling of itching, burning, dryness in the nasal cavity.
• Difficult breathing due to swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.
• Cough, a series of reflex sneezing.

Allergic rhinitis is easily differentiated by concomitant signs of autoagression of the immune system. Much more dangerous is another type of persistent rhinitis, in which clear discharge from the nose is a signal of the discharge of liquor cerebrospinalis (cerebrospinal fluid). Liquorrhea most often manifests itself as a symptom of a severe craniocerebral trauma, and may also indicate a latent violation of the integrity of the dura mater (dura mater) or spinal cord injury. The liquor fluid should normally circulate between the bone system of the spinal column and the spinal cord and in the brain cavities. A crack, fracture, complex trauma, complications after surgery (neurosurgical operation) can provoke the outflow of liquor cerebrospinalis, including through the nose.

Symptoms of liquorrhea:

• Transparent discharge from the nose has an oily consistency.
• In contrast to the standard runny nose, liquorrhea is characterized by the expiration of only one nasal passage, especially evident if the head leans forward.
• Discharge from the nose may be accompanied by the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears (head inclinations).
• With TBI in the liquor fluid, allocated from the nose, clearly visible blotches of blood clots.
• The discharge of a transparent consistence is accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and a headache
• Liquorrhea can be combined with a cough if there is a flow of liquor fluid into the nasopharynx.

Signs of apparent liquorrhea are simultaneous discharge from the nose and ears. The latent (nasal) form is manifested only by nasal discharge and is often diagnosed at a late stage. Liquorrhea is revealed on the basis of anamnestic data, complaints, neurological examination, and analyzes. The so-called "sample of the handkerchief" is important, when the excreta is collected on the tissue. Cerebrospinal fluid, drying out, leaves the kerchief soft as opposed to the mucous rhinitis. Also, from normal rhinitis, liquor discharges can be distinguished by specific oily character disagreements. Treatment of clear discharge from the nose of a similar etiology is prescribed after a comprehensive and comprehensive examination. Diagnosis should be comprehensive with computed tomography to eliminate serious pathologies of an organic nature.

Mucous discharge from the nose

Runny nose as a physiological norm is not a disease if mucous discharge from the nose is produced in sufficient quantity and does not reduce the quality of life of a person. The purpose of normal mucous secretions is the moistening and absorption of harmful substances, therefore in the nasal passages there is almost always a certain amount of mucus.

As soon as viruses or bacterial agents enter the nasopharynx, the body begins to actively produce the mukonasal secret. The discharges are thicker and more viscous, larger in volume, they expire more often than usual when performing standard functions. Mucous discharge from the nose can be considered a sign of the disease, if there are such symptoms:

• Runny nose is accompanied by fever and headache.
• The mucous secret has an unpleasant smell.
• Allotments are painted in an uncharacteristic color - greenish, yellow, dark brown.
• In the mucus blood spots are visible.
• A persistent runny nose depletes a person, since it does not allow one to breathe normally during the day and especially at night.
• Turns, head inclinations provoke a strong headache.
• Mukonasal discharge is accompanied by stuffiness and pain in the ears.
• Runny nose does not stop after instilling nasal passages with vasoconstrictive drugs.

Any change in consistency, color, periodicity of mucus secretions should serve as a reason for more careful observation of manifestations of symptoms. If nasal mucus reduces productivity, prevents breathing normally, is accompanied by discomfort sensations, it is necessary to undergo examinations and begin to treat the underlying, provoking runny nose, disease.

Bloody discharge from the nose. Discharge from the nose with blood.

Coryza, in which mucus spots are clearly visible in the mucus, should not always be considered a sign of a serious illness. It should be distinguished from real bleeding, which has its own characteristic "markers" and causes.

Nasal bleeding, causes:

1. Local factors:
   • extensive and minor injuries to the nose;
   • operations;
   • NGZ - nasogastric tube, diagnostic procedure;
   • NTI - nasotracheal intubation;
   • puncture of maxillary sinuses;
   • lavage of the nasal sinuses with a catheter;
   • sinusitis (hemorrhagic form of sinusitis);
   • adenoids;
   • atrophic rhinitis (pathological curvature of the septum);
   • angioma, granuloma - oncology processes in the nasal cavity.
2.  Common etiological factors:
   • hypertension;
   • arteriosclerosis of blood vessels;
   • avitaminosis;
   • anemia;
   • state after solar overheating or transferred hyperthermia (high temperature);
   • hemorrhagic diathesis;
   • barometric pressure drops, sharp decompression;
   • disruption of the hormonal system (age and pathological).

This is a list that differentiates simple, capillary discharge from the nose with blood from true nasal bleeding, which involves larger vessels.

The pathogenesis of the appearance of blood clots in the mucus is quite simple. Mucous tissue is abundantly equipped with capillaries, which are vulnerable, and lend themselves to any, even insignificant, external and internal effects.

What can damage the blood vessels and cause bleeding from the nose?

• Minor injuries, the habit of actively cleaning the nose with foreign objects (chopsticks, tampons, napkins), not being careful.
• Dryness of ambient air, low humidity (dried nasal mucosa).
• Excessive passion for vasoconstrictor nasal agents, which also drain the mucous tissue.
• A congenital property is the fragility of the walls of blood vessels and capillaries.
• Childhood. In babies, the nasal mucosa is very sensitive, any nasal procedure can damage fragile vessels.
• Avitaminosis (lack of vitamins C, A, group B, routine).
• The condition after the transferred disease of a viral etiology (thinning of capillary walls).
• Sinusitis.

If blood continues to appear in the mucus for several hours, a profuse separation of the nasal secretion begins, the bleeding becomes massive, dizziness, tinnitus and worsening of the general state of health, it is necessary to see a doctor or call for emergency medical care.

[1], [2]

Thick discharge from the nose

Viscous, thick mucus is a clear sign that mucin level has increased in the muconasal secretion. Therefore, there is every reason to assume the presence of a bacterial infection in any zone of the respiratory tract, including the ENT organs. Thick discharge from the nose is rarely abundant, more often their volume is negligible and they tend to accumulate inside the nasopharynx. The mechanism for changing the consistency of precipitates is as follows:

· The onset of a viral or bacterial etiology is accompanied by an abundant runny nose, clear, liquid mucus. It is excreted actively and in large quantities. So the body tries to "wash" the harmful infectious agents.

• Thick discharge from the nose is a sign of the end of the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa. Usually such a thickening is observed 2-3 days before recovery.

What can trigger a thick discharge from the nose?

• Bacterial infection.
• Dryness of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
• Inflammatory process in the lungs, bronchitis, pneumonia.
• General hypothermia of the body.

An experienced therapist can quickly differentiate the aetiology of respiratory inflammation:

1. Viruses provoke a runny nose of a liquid consistency, transparent, similar to water, slime.
2. Thick discharge from the nose is a compensatory function when the body tries to stop the bacterial invasion by enriching the mucus with a specific protein called mucin.

The clinical marker for accurate diagnosis is not only the consistency of nasal secretions, but also their color. For example, a thick mukonasal secret, colored in a yellow or green hue, indicates a possible spread of infection in the bronchial tracheal system, into the lungs.

If viscous, thickened secretions acquire white, brownish, yellow-green color or are accompanied by persistent bleeding, have an unpleasant smell, immediately consult a treating therapist or an ENT doctor.

Nasal discharge with odor

Specific, accompanied by an unpleasant odor, a common cold is called ozona. Discharge from the nose with a smell is a clear sign of a neglected atrophic process in the nasopharynx. This disease has characteristic features that are visible and felt without special diagnostic tests:

• Obvious atrophic changes in the nasal mucosa.
• Thick, scanty nasal discharge.
• Slime has the property of shoving and forming into crusts that have a fetid odor.
• Cork - a greenish shade, often with an admixture of blood, pus. Separate easily as they build up again
• Chronic atrophy leads to a noticeable thinning of the lateral, lower and upper walls of the nose - osteomalacia, bone resorption. Due to pathological atrophy, the nose gradually expands.
• The respiratory function is violated, up to DV - respiratory failure.
• Man gradually loses the ability to smell, the sense of smell is lost (hyposmia, anosmia).
• Significantly worsening the general condition of the patient as well as the quality of his life, there are social, family problems because of the malodorous odor being exuded.

This form of rhinitis atrophica - atrophic rhinitis was found in antiquity. There are records of Hippocrates, Galen, Egyptian healers, fixing quite a large number of diseases "spoiled juice, flowing out of my head." Despite such an ancient "age," ozona as a nosology has been little studied and its etiology is still considered unspecified. There are several versions, confirmed by objective scientific research, statistics:

• Ozena is caused by violation of sanitary norms and poor nutrition, malnutrition.
• The pathological atrophy of the nasal mucosa and discharge with odor is a consequence of chronic anemia.
• Ozena has a genetic etiology. The disease is transmitted through a generation.
• Discharge from the nose with a smell is provoked by enterobacteria (klebsiella ozaenae)
• Ozenoy most often suffer from female patients.
• The stench is due to a chronic dystrophic process, the destruction of protein. Atrophy of the nasal mucosa, metaplasia of epithelial tissue leads to the production of hydrogen sulphide, 3-methylindole, indole, which have a characteristic smell of feces.

Treatment of the lake is deodorization and the maximum elimination of symptoms.

Liquid watery discharge from the nose

Transparent, water-like mucus is called rhinorrhea. Liquid discharge from the nose - the main sign of the disease of the upper respiratory tract, infectious infection. Activation of mucus production is associated with parasympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity. Elimination (removal) of harmful agents, leaching of the irritating factor occurs due to the increased work of enterocytus caliciformis - goblet enterocytes and glandulae nasi - mucous glands. The allocation of water from the nose can be triggered by the following reasons:

• Allergic reaction (allergic rhinorrhea, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis).
• Hyperactivity of the glandulae nasi function due to a disorder of the autonomic nervous system.
• TBI is a traumatic brain injury.
• Displacement of the nasal septum of congenital etiology.
• The ingress of foreign bodies into the nasal passages.
• Diseases of viral etiology in the acute phase (catarrhal stage).
• Nasal liquorrhea, which has its own specific provoking factors.
• The initial stage of sinusitis, catarrhal sinusitis with discharge of serous consistence.
• Frontite.
• Vasomotor rhinitis.

To liquid discharge from the nose, especially of an allergic nature, is often associated with increased lacrimation, sneezing, insufficiency of breathing due to the expanding edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. It is important in time to stop the inflammatory process in the first stage, an obvious marker of which is liquid discharge from the nose. Prolonged swelling of the mucous membrane disturbs not only the drainage work of the nose (paranasal sinuses), but in a matter of days it can become a favorable "base" for the development of bacterial infection.

Serous discharge from the nose

Acute rhinitis is conventionally divided into several forms, which in turn are directly caused by etiological factors and general characteristics of the inflammatory process. Serous nasal discharge or serous rhinitis has specific signs due to fluid peculiarities. Inflammation, accompanied by serosa - serous secretions, is a serum exudate, which contains protein fractions. Such a liquid is normally produced to moisten the internal cavities, in the pathological process, it more actively seeps through the capillaries, expiring in large volumes. A sign of developing respiratory inflammation is serous discharge from the nose. Rhinitis occurs in different forms, but in one way or another the acute form passes through three main stages:

1. Dry period, when there is a stuffy nose, withered mucous membrane.
2. Wet stage, accompanied by active release of mucus serous consistency.
3. A purulent period, when the mucus contains the products of the decay of bacteria.

Rhinitis acuta - an acute inflammatory process in the II stage is characterized by such symptoms:

• Activation of the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, nasal obstruction.
• Serous transudate is released in large volumes.
• In the serous secretions can be detected NaCl, ammonia, which cause irritation of the nasal mucosa.
• With the growth of inflammation, the work of enterocytus caliciformis - enterocytes is activated, the nasal secret acquires a mucus-serous consistence.
• Serous rhinitis is accompanied by lacrimation, inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyes.
• A patient suffering from acute rhinitis may develop otitis in parallel.

The stage of serous excretions lasts several days, during this period there is an opportunity to stop the inflammation and will not allow its development. The standard period, during which the runny nose gradually subsides, lasts no more than 10 days. If, at the end of this period, the symptomatology persists and a persistent headache is associated with it, an increase in temperature should be directed to the otolaryngologist, the therapist, to exclude sinusitis or sinusitis, or to receive adequate treatment for the detected

Foamy discharge from the nose

The norm is a transparent consistency of mucus, foamy discharge from the nose - this is a sign of the activity of a specific component - mucin. Mucoproteins are responsible for maintaining the moisture level in the mucous tissues, and also protects the cavity from pathogenic elements, capturing them and preventing gemmagglutination - gluing the infected red blood cells. Increasing the amount of mucin, increased viscosity of the nasal secretion is a direct indication of the development of the inflammatory process in the nasal cavity.

The main clinical signs that determine the stages of infection of the nasopharynx:

• Isolation of transparent mucus in a large volume - the initial phase of the common cold.
• Foamy discharge from the nose is the peak of inflammation, especially if the mucus becomes thick and white.

In addition to viral or bacterial infection, the viscosity and foaminess of mucus can provoke such causes:

• Increased dryness of air indoors or outdoors.
• Abuse of nasal drugs, narrowing the capillaries, withering the nasal mucosa.
• Adenoids
• Nasal polyps (ethmoidal polyps).
• Fungal infection of nasal passages in the initial stage.
• Sinusitis.

To foamy secretions can join such symptoms:

• Bad sleep due to shortness of breath, snoring.
• Pain in the ears, otitis.
• Headache.
• Swelling of the nose, puffiness of the face.
• Cough in the morning - with adenoiditis.
• Loss of appetite, weight loss.

At the first suspicions on the inflammatory process, the appearance of white, foamy discharge from the nose should seek advice on treatment to the doctor. Self-administration of medicines without determining the nature of the disease is unacceptable.

[3]

Curds of nasal discharge

The nasal cavity is the path of penetration of various infectious agents into the nasopharynx and the respiratory system. ENT organs are most often exposed to viruses and bacteria, but they are also vulnerable to mycobacteria, a fungal infection. Curd nasal discharge is one of the symptoms of otomycosis, pharyngicosis and other diseases from the category of mycoses.

The main factors causing the appearance of fungus in the nasal cavity:

• Reduced activity of the immune system.
• Avitaminosis.
• Chronic stress.
• Long course of hormonal therapy.
• Course of antibiotic treatment.
• Non-compliance with personal hygiene.
• Diseases of internal organs in chronic form.
• Disturbances in the metabolism of various etiologies.
• Endocrine pathologies (diabetes mellitus).
• Injury of the nose.
• HIV, immunodeficiency pathologies.
• Tuberculosis.
• Dental intervention and infection of the nasal cavity.
• Dental caries of the upper jaw.

Curd from the nose as a sign of fungal rhinitis may indicate such diseases:

1. Mucorosis - mukoromycosis, a disease of the respiratory organs, fraught with the destruction of the bone tissue of the paranasal sinuses. Most often is a consequence of diabetes.
2. Candidiasis of the nose - 90% of cases of fungal nasal lesions.
3. Darling's disease ( histoplasmosis ), blastomycosis - diseases typical of countries in Asia, Africa, South America. In European countries are rarely diagnosed.

Clinical manifestations of fungal infection of the nose are as follows:

• Itching, irritation of the nasal cavity.
• Sneezing reflex in series.
• Persistent headache.
• Chronic nasal obstruction.
• Periodic hemorrhage of the nasal mucosa.
• Sensation of foreign, foreign body in nasal passages.
• Curd extract from the nose of various shades and consistency.
• A characteristic unpleasant odor from the nose.

Curd, thick consistency of mucus is most often observed with candidiasis lesions of the nose; Treatment of mycoses of ENT organs is always long and complex, including not only antimycotics, but also vitamins, microelements, a special diet. After the end of therapy, a preventive examination, examination within one year is recommended to avoid relapse and strict observance of personal hygiene.

[4], [5]

Dense nasal discharge

Function of the nasal mucosa is protection, moistening of the nasopharynx due to the constant production of secretions. Nasal secretions contain specific mucin protein. The higher its concentration, the thicker the mucus. Dense discharge from the nose is a clear sign of mucin activity, which in turn indicates a developing inflammation of the mucous tissue of the nasal cavity. What causes dense discharge from the nose?

• Mucin performs passive protective, buffer function - lubricates, adsorbs, dissolves any pathogenic microscopic particle for the mucous membrane.
• Mucins have their own specific gel-like consistency.
• The mucociliary system is a barrier to the path of infectious agents, allergens.
• The higher the threat of infection, the more mucin production and viscosity, the density of mucus secreted.

Dense, thick mucus from the nose can be a sign of such diseases:

• Viral infection in the acute stage.
• Bacterial inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
• Allergy to dust micromaterials, to fluff, feathers.
• Started, undiagnosed disease of the bronchopulmonary system.
• Sinusitis of bacterial etiology and its types - sinusitis, frontal, sphenoiditis.

A patient with dense nasal secretions should seek medical help if the symptoms do not disappear within 5-7 days and tend to increase. It is also necessary to be attentive to concomitant manifestations of the disease - to headache, changes in body temperature, dyspnea, dizziness, signs of general intoxication of the body.

[6],