Microinfarction in women and men, carried on the legs: how to determine, consequences

The diagnosis of microinfarction seems very comforting and encouraging to many patients, if only because the size of the lesion, in their opinion, is insignificant, microscopic. However, in practice it turns out that everything is so simple. There is definitely no reason for joy and calm. Of course, there is no need to panic either. But you need to take this disease very seriously, since it is a serious lesion of the heart muscle. Despite the name, a severe pathological process occurs in the heart muscle, up to the development of necrosis foci.

It is important to understand that such a medical diagnosis as microinfarction does not exist in principle. In medical institutions, this disease is called small-focal myocardial infarction. In essence and origin, microinfarction is no different from ordinary infarction, except for the size of the tissue lesion. It often proceeds asymptomatically, and patients may not even feel when they have experienced an attack. Many learn about their disease for the first time during a routine examination. Careful treatment, adherence to the prescribed lifestyle, and full rehabilitation are necessary. Then the outcome can be favorable for the patient. In the absence of treatment and rehabilitation, there may be relapses, since all favorable conditions for this have been created.

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Epidemiology

Heart attacks and microinfarctions most often affect men aged 35 to 65 years. Previously, this disease was generally considered a male disease. Women are subject to heart attacks at a later age. Young heart attacks in women are rare, due to the fact that estrogen hormones have a rejuvenating effect on their bodies. At the same time, female mortality from heart disease, including heart attacks and microinfarctions, is 200-300 deaths per day.

Contrary to popular belief that microinfarction does not entail serious consequences, 35% of those affected die annually, only in Russia. The number of cases of microinfarction and heart attack is approximately the same, in a 50/50 ratio. About 15-20% are asymptomatic. According to medical estimates, every fifth person with coronary heart disease has suffered a microinfarction, and does not even suspect it.

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Causes microinfarction

Microinfarction, similar to heart attack, is a consequence of damage to blood vessels by atherosclerotic deposits. First of all, damage is reflected in the coronary and coronary vessels, which provide cardiac blood circulation. A plaque forms in the vessel lining, which can break off, block the vessel, and cause damage to the area of the heart for which it is responsible for blood supply.

The cause may be morphological and functional changes in the vessel itself, metabolic disorders, especially such as hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. The disease can be provoked by increased adhesion and aggregation of the platelet link in blood cells, high blood pressure. Also alcohol abuse, smoking, heavy physical work, long-term mental stress. As a result, the heart increasingly needs oxygen, its needs are not fully met, the heart is subject to spasm. The consequence is the development of a heart attack.

All etiological factors are closely interconnected, interact with each other, and worsen the condition.

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Risk factors

The risk group includes people who suffer from ischemia or have this pathology in their family history. The risk increases with atherosclerosis, blood clotting disorders, and concomitant diseases. Metabolic disorders, especially obesity and diabetes, have a negative effect on the condition of the heart muscle. With high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels in the blood, the risk of the disease increases significantly. If a person has had one heart attack, the risk of relapses and extensive heart attacks increases significantly.

People who have a low pain threshold, as well as people suffering from alcohol and drug (pharmaceutical) addiction, people with diabetes, former fighters, boxers are at risk of missing a heart attack. All these categories of people have a low pain threshold. If the nervous system is affected, or there are mental disorders, a person may also not notice a microinfarction.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis is based on functional disorders of blood circulation in the body. The process is triggered by prolonged ischemia, then the lumen of the cardiac artery becomes excessively narrow. Necrotic lesions develop. Tissues undergo serious irreversible changes. Gradually, cells die. As a result, scar tissue forms at the site of damage.

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Symptoms microinfarction

A microinfarction can manifest itself as an attack. But its danger is that it can also proceed asymptomatically. In this case, a person may feel only slight weakness, without associating it with the likelihood of a heart attack.

Pain may indicate a microinfarction. The localization and intensity of pain varies significantly from weak to intense, piercing. In some cases, it may also occur in a painless form. Sharp, piercing pain, comparable to a knife wound, unmistakably indicate a microinfarction. The pain may press, burn, radiate to various areas, even the shoulder blades and abdomen. Sometimes pain is felt in the arms, legs, neck. Often the pain affects the face, with the main pain sensations localized in the lower jaw.

Often, when pain occurs, people suffering from heart disease, dissolve a nitroglycerin tablet. If the tablet is ineffective, there is no doubt that a microinfarction has occurred. Cold sweat, severe weakness throughout the body are sure signs of a microinfarction. Later, these sensations are replaced by a feeling of fear, panic, anxiety. Fear of death often arises, which has the character of a panic attack. At later stages, the temperature rises, which may indicate necrotic processes in the heart area.

First signs

Usually the earliest signs are pain in the chest area, numbness of the arms, legs, pain spreading to the neck, face, hands. Dizziness, profuse sweating, trembling in the body, and a feeling of fear certainly indicate a microinfarction. Any pain in the heart area should be a cause for concern, since a microinfarction can be asymptomatic.

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Sensations during a microinfarction

As for physical sensations, there is a feeling of pain, burning in the chest, pressure and shortness of breath. It is felt as if the pain spreads from the heart area to the sternum, affects the neck, arms, and face. The pain is localized in the lower jaw area. If such an attack lasts more than 20 minutes, irreversible tissue damage has already occurred in the heart.

Traditionally, pain of any nature and intensity lasting more than 20 minutes is already a reason for an immediate call to the ambulance. But this is extremely rare among "conscious" citizens, so microinfarction is often carried out on the feet. Even if microinfarction does not develop, such symptoms already indicate a protracted attack of angina, which is a "pre-infarction" condition. Sometimes there are no sensations during a microinfarction, so a person may not even know about the disease.

People with a low pain threshold and people suffering from diabetes should be especially careful about monitoring their health, as they also do not fully feel pain.

If we consider mental sensations, it is worth noting that a feeling of panic and fear arises. In most cases, a fear of death, hopelessness, and the impossibility of taking any action appears.

Microinfarction in women

It is much easier for women not to notice a heart attack than for men. This is why most women suffer a heart attack on their feet. Women tend to attribute the manifestations of a microinfarction to an unstable emotional state, nervous tension, the consequences of a nervous breakdown or hormonal imbalances.

Therefore, you need to pay special attention to your condition. The slightest pain and discomfort in the heart muscle should be a cause for concern, as they may indicate a microinfarction. In women, a heart attack is most often accompanied by freezing and numbness of the fingers (a consequence of circulatory disorders). Edema may appear, which is especially intense in the extremities. Joints ache, all this is accompanied by anxiety, fear. Sweating increases sharply.

Anatomical and morphological features of the female body contribute to the occurrence of pain in the stomach area. This is due to the higher location of the diaphragm, which contributes to the irradiation of pain. Constant migraines against the background of high blood pressure can also be an indirect indication.

Microinfarction in men

It is more difficult for the male population not to notice a microinfarction, as it is accompanied by severe pain in the heart. In addition, there is chest pain, spreading to other internal organs. Symptoms that are often confused with colds may appear: general malaise, headache, aches in the joints, weakness, profuse sweating. The duration of the attack lasts at least 45 minutes.

A sudden burning pain appears in the heart area, most often on the left side. The pain radiates to the shoulder blades, shoulder or jaw. The lips turn blue, tremor appears in the nasolabial triangle. Shortness of breath, dizziness, and even loss of consciousness appear. Asymptomatic progression of the disease is also observed.

Pressure during microinfarction

With a microinfarction, blood pressure can be both normal and abnormal. On average, there is a decrease or increase in indicators by 20 units below or above the norm. Everything depends on the type of microinfarction.

Stages

There are 4 stages in the development of myocardial infarction.

The first stage is called ischemia, it is the most acute period during which the blood vessel is blocked, the supply of oxygen to the cardiac tissue is disrupted. The lumen narrows by approximately 70% or more. This stage develops over a fairly long period of time. has reversible consequences.

The second stage is necrobiosis, which is the acute period of myocardial infarction. In this case, the cells of the cardiac tissue are damaged. The duration of this stage is 4-8 hours.

The third stage is the subacute period, during which the area that has undergone necrosis dies. The temperature may rise at this time. Usually, pain appears at this stage, if it was not there before.

At the fourth stage, dead cells are replaced by connective tissue, a scar is formed. Gradual restoration of myocardial performance begins. It takes 1-2 months for the scar to form.

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Forms

In addition to the traditional form of microinfarction, in which signs of a heart attack are observed, it can also have other forms. The following main types of microinfarction are distinguished:

• asthmatic microinfarction - a type in which shortness of breath is observed, sometimes signs of suffocation appear. The heartbeat quickens, pulmonary edema develops. This form is most often painless, is typical for older people, and develops against the background of other cardiac pathologies. It is often confused with asthma, pulmonary insufficiency, since the main symptom is suffocation;
• abdominal, or gastralgic form is most often observed in women and causes pain in the heart area, behind the breastbone. The pain spreads to the stomach area, which is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dyspeptic disorders. Often confused with the symptoms of "acute abdomen". A mistake can cost a lot: they begin to carry out emergency measures to treat the stomach, carry out lavage, cleaning, prepare the patient for surgery, and often even operate without subsequently detecting pathology;
• arrhythmic microinfarction is accompanied by arrhythmias, which often forces the patient to consult a cardiologist;
• The cerebral form is associated with a disturbance of blood circulation in the brain. All this is accompanied by migraine, a disorder of the main reflexes. Sensitivity is also impaired, and mnemonic anomalies are observed.

There are many known atypical forms of infarction, in which there is a pain syndrome, which is located, for example, in the back or limbs.

Microinfarction suffered on the legs

A microinfarction, especially if it is asymptomatic, may go unnoticed. Many patients learn about the disease when undergoing an electrocardiogram, and before that they did not even suspect it. Even if symptoms are observed, they are usually associated with other diseases or simple malaise. Sharp pain in the heart area is often observed, or it is absent altogether. Nausea, a feeling of pressure, general malaise are often associated with mild poisoning, gastrointestinal disorders, rather than with a microinfarction. More often, women suffer from a heart attack on their legs, since they feel less pain. The condition can stabilize on its own, or complications can arise.

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Microinfarction of the brain

The main cause is a sharp disruption of blood circulation and oxygen starvation of the brain, which is accompanied by damage to blood vessels. This causes a lack of nutrients, poisoning with metabolites. As a result, the vessels are subject to morphological and functional disorders, atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels are observed. The main properties of the blood change, hemodynamic disorders occur in general.

Microinfarction of the brain is indicated by severe headache, dizziness, profuse sweating, tinnitus, weakness and tremors in the arms and legs. Microinfarction can result in impaired vision and speech. A person loses the ability to clearly formulate their thoughts, words are often used incorrectly, speech can be unintelligible and incomprehensible to others. Memory can be severely impaired, a person loses the ability to navigate in space and time.

The nature of the pathology may depend on which part of the brain is affected. The most severe symptoms are observed when the brainstem is affected, which can result in life-threatening conditions. There is paralysis of the respiratory muscles, collapse, and a temperature reaction.

The treatment is based on the principles of neuroprotection, in which therapy is aimed at restoring impaired cerebral circulation and suppressing the local inflammatory process.

Micro myocardial infarction

Despite the fact that only a separate area of the heart is damaged, a microinfarction is a serious pathology that requires long-term treatment and rehabilitation. About 36% of deaths are due to microinfarctions. It can occur with symptoms, pain, or without symptoms. People aged 36 to 65 are most susceptible to the disease. Without treatment, there may be relapses, or a massive infarction may occur, and even sudden death.

Microinfarction of the posterior wall of the left ventricle

Characterized by the death of cells and tissues of the posterior ventricle. Occurs when blood circulation is disrupted for a period of more than 20-30 minutes. Often occurs as a result of the deposition of protein substances (fibrins) on the posterior wall. The greatest risk of developing this pathology falls on citizens aged 45 to 50 years, since they are prone to the formation of natural deposits on various internal organs. The main cause is the formation of cholesterol in the blood, resulting in blockage of blood vessels and disruption of blood circulation.

The diagnosis of this pathology is based on an electrocardiogram. But usually it only indicates the presence of angina. Therefore, during the examination, it is very important to question the patient and collect his subjective sensations. An important diagnostic sign can be the reaction to nitroglycerin. In case of a microinfarction, nitroglycerin does not relieve pain.

Treatment is also quite complicated. First of all, it is etiological, i.e. aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease. Then the pain is relieved and the symptoms of the disease are removed. Measures aimed at improving hemodynamics, increasing the lumen of blood vessels, lysing blood clots and preventing their further formation are often used. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics are used. An important aspect is to ensure the body is saturated with oxygen. Oxygen therapy is used for this purpose.

This type of heart attack is dangerous because of its complications. The most dangerous type of complication is a rupture of the heart, which occurs immediately after the lesion in the absence of scar tissue. The rupture occurs as a result of the death of the entire back wall of the heart. The rupture ends in instant death. Thromboembolism is also dangerous, in which a thrombus penetrates from the heart into the bloodstream and can cause blockage of any vessel, and a subsequent heart attack or stroke.

The prognosis depends on the degree and depth of the lesion of the posterior wall, as well as on how quickly measures were taken. The absence of treatment and rehabilitation is fraught with relapses of the disease and complications. Prevention comes down to a healthy lifestyle and giving up bad habits. It is important to undergo preventive examinations in a timely manner and visit a cardiologist.

Microinfarction of the kidney

The main cause of the development of a microinfarction of the kidney is a sharp circulatory disorder, a thrombus that clogs the lumen of the vessel. It manifests itself as a sharp, cutting pain. For treatment, drugs are used that reduce blood pressure, vasodilators. Drugs that help maintain the salt balance in the body are important. Antibiotics are also needed, since the necrotic process in the kidneys is accompanied by inflammation and an infectious process. Babies undergo hemodialysis.

Microinfarction in a dream

Attacks often occur during sleep. There is a sharp pain in the heart. After this, the person usually wakes up, feels numbness in the arms and legs, and cannot move for a long time. After this, a feeling of panic, fear, rapid heartbeat, and severe headache may occur. There may be a feeling of shortness of breath, suffocation. May be accompanied by cold sweat, trembling, fear of death. In addition, this is often preceded by a dream in which someone plunges a knife into the heart, or shoots a shot into the heart. As a result, severe pain is felt, from which the person wakes up. This happens especially often with angina, at about 4-5 in the morning.

Complications and consequences

The more time passes after a microinfarction, the greater the consequences and complications develop. In the initial stages, the pressure decreases, the blood flow slows down. This contributes to the occurrence of headaches, nausea, and provokes spasms. Early consequences include pulmonary edema, spasmodic phenomena. Heart rhythm disturbances occur, thrombosis occurs and blood circulation is disrupted. As a result, myocardial sclerosis occurs, the heart valves are deformed, the myocardial wall becomes thinner and bulges. If there are already any heart diseases, they intensify.

A microinfarction, if treated correctly, can end favorably, the tissue will fully recover. But if there is no necessary treatment, it can have complications, such as sudden death, pulmonary edema, cardiac rupture, thromboembolism, which often have a fatal outcome.

Approximately after a month, complications such as cardiosclerosis, heart failure, aneurysm, embolism, and arrhythmia may manifest themselves.

What is the danger of a microinfarction?

Microinfarction is dangerous because it causes necrotic damage to the cardiac tissue, in which cells and damaged areas die. This can result in heart failure. Microinfarction is most dangerous because if the tissue does not recover, a rupture of the heart can occur, which is accompanied by sudden death. Many other, no less dangerous complications can also occur. The risk of developing a massive infarction and relapses increases.

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How many microinfarctions can there be?

There can be many microinfarctions, as long as there are undamaged areas of cardiac tissue on the heart. Usually after 4-5 microinfarctions a major infarction occurs. The consequences are unpredictable.

Repeated microinfarction

They happen quite often, since a previous microinfarction forms a favorable ground for all subsequent ones. Symptoms and causes are similar to the primary one. Mandatory treatment and rehabilitation are required.

Diagnostics microinfarction

In order to make a diagnosis, you need to see a cardiologist who will prescribe the necessary laboratory tests and order an instrumental examination.

How to recognize a microinfarction yourself?

It is quite difficult to recognize the disease on your own. Sometimes even doctors cannot immediately make the correct diagnosis, since the electrocardiogram data can be quite contradictory. In such cases, additional research is required. The cardiogram may not even indicate the presence of a microinfarction if the affected area is insignificant.

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Tests

The main laboratory test is a blood chemistry test, which shows an increase in myoglobin levels. Increased activity of creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and troponin is also observed. An increase in ESR indicates inflammation.

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Instrumental diagnostics

To establish a diagnosis, the results of an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and blood tests are needed. Daily monitoring of electrocardiogram parameters is also performed. Heart ultrasound is often used, which makes it possible to examine the contractility of the heart. Ultrasound can visualize the area in which contractions are weakened or completely absent. This indicates partial damage to the heart tissue, or complete necrosis.

Microinfarction on ECG

In most cases, changes in the electrocardiogram do not directly indicate a microinfarction. But they indicate ischemic processes in the cardiac tissue, which makes it possible to suspect a microinfarction and conduct further clarifying examination. An extensive infarction may be reflected on the ECG - in the form of a change in the Q wave, which is rapidly expanding.

Differential diagnosis

Microinfarction is differentiated from metabolic disorders, hypokalemia and pancreatitis. A potassium test is used for this. The essence is that the patient is given potassium chloride to drink. Before the patient drinks the drug, he is given an electrocardiogram. After he drinks it, a repeat electrocardiogram is performed. The S-T readings change only in the presence of ischemia, which indicates a heart attack. In other cases, no changes occur.

What is the difference between a heart attack and a microinfarction?

Microinfarction is the same as infarction in its pathogenesis and development mechanism, but the area of damage to cardiac tissue is significantly lower. If the duration of microinfarction is insignificant, restoration of the structure and function of cardiac tissue is possible, which is extremely rare in the case of extensive infarction.

Treatment microinfarction

Treatment of microinfarction is identical to treatment of heart attack. Treatment largely depends on whether the person followed the required regimen or suffered a heart attack on his feet. The doctor chooses the treatment tactics, depending on the results of tests and instrumental studies. The method of treatment is largely determined by the patient's age, localization of the necrotic process, and concomitant diseases.

In the acute period, treatment can be carried out in the intensive care unit. First, pain is relieved, then blood pressure is normalized and the heart rhythm is stabilized. Surgical methods are also used. After treatment, long-term rehabilitation is carried out. First in hospital conditions, then outside it. Oxygenation of the heart muscle has a positive effect.

Self-medication should never be done, since the slightest failure to follow the treatment principles can result in a repeated microinfarction. The patient must understand that after a microinfarction, he will have to take medications for the rest of his life, such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents. If necessary, take statins, antiarrhythmic drugs, antihypertensive drugs. The patient must know that if heart pain occurs, nitroglycerin or other pain-relieving drugs should be taken. Movement should be minimized and an ambulance should be called as soon as possible. Usually in such cases, the person is hospitalized, even if the microinfarction does not develop.

Medicines

In case of a heart attack, the following medications are prescribed:

• tenecteplase is a drug that is administered intravenously over 5-10 seconds. The dose depends on body weight, but should not exceed 50 mg of the active substance. It is used to treat cerebrovascular disorders, heart. To increase effectiveness, it is used in combination with heparin;
• To prevent thrombus formation, heparin is administered. The drug is administered for at least 24 hours. The dosage also depends on body weight. For weights over 65, approximately 4,000 units of the drug are administered. The infusion rate is 50-75 sec.;
• ASA is used to thin the blood and prevent blood clots. The initial dosage is 150-300 mg, and can be increased if necessary.
• Propranolol is prescribed for heart attacks, heart rhythm disorders and ischemia. Start with 20 mg three times a day. Gradually, the dosage can be increased to 120 mg per day. The duration of treatment is 3-5 days.

First aid for microinfarction

First aid consists of immobilizing the patient, which will help localize the source of damage. It is important to have access to fresh air and no restrictive clothing. It is imperative to relieve pain by taking nitroglycerin. In order not to aggravate the situation, you must first measure blood pressure, since nitroglycerin cannot be taken with low blood pressure. If it is not possible to measure blood pressure, you should limit yourself to one tablet. Call an ambulance as quickly as possible, while informing the dispatcher that the victim is having a heart attack. In this case, a specialized team will arrive to provide cardiological assistance.

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Vitamins

During the recovery and rehabilitation period, the patient is prescribed vitamins that can significantly increase the body's defenses and mobilize internal reserves to restore the body. It is recommended to take vitamins in the following daily dosage:

• Vitamin PP – 60 mg
• Vitamin H – 150 mg
• Vitamin C – 500-1000 mg
• Vitamin E – 25 mg.

Physiotherapy treatment

Various procedures are used for recovery. For example, electrophoresis, which involves the impact of microcurrents on the body. Electrophoresis is used to administer medications. This allows the drug to penetrate deeper into the tissues in a shorter period. Accordingly, a much smaller dosage of the drug is required.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can have a positive effect on the heart muscle, speed up the recovery process. It is recommended to use as part of complex therapy.

• Adonis Tincture

For angina, heart attacks, arrhythmia, it is recommended to take an infusion of Adonis herb. To prepare, finely chop the herb, put it on the bottom of a half-liter jar. Pour vodka on top. Infuse in a dark place. Take 8 drops three times a day.

• Nutritious collection

For preparation, it is recommended to take approximately equal amounts of dried apricots, raisins, prunes and walnuts. Mix, then grind in a meat grinder. Add honey and aloe juice to the resulting mixture. Infuse for 3 days, then you can take a tablespoon daily. Saturates the body with vitamins, fills with vitality, accelerates recovery processes in the body.

• Vitaminized mixture

Mix viburnum, wild strawberries and blueberries in equal parts. Grind through a meat grinder, pour honey. Add the juice of half a lemon, 15 grams of cinnamon, grated ginger. Infuse for 3 days. Then take 1 tablespoon per day. Accelerates recovery, cleanses the blood, restores heart rhythm.

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Herbal treatment

Pour a glass of boiling water over a teaspoon of May lily of the valley and let it brew for about an hour. Then strain and drink 1 tablespoon several times a day. Helps restore heart rhythm, helps eliminate shortness of breath and pain.

Take the root of medicinal valerian, pour a glass of boiling water. After the decoction has steeped, take 2-3 tablespoons a day when headaches, feelings of fear, anxiety, shortness of breath, symptoms of heart failure appear.

For heart pain, increased anxiety, poor sleep, you can drink tea from mint leaves, raspberry branches and fireweed. The herbs are mixed in approximately equal proportions, then brewed in a teapot. You can drink it throughout the day as tea, in unlimited quantities.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies have fewer side effects than medications. Side effects usually occur with excessive use or improper combination of drugs. It is important to remember that many homeopathic remedies have a cumulative effect, that is, they have an effect only after the full course of treatment. It is important to take precautions: consult a doctor before starting therapy. It should be included in complex therapy.

• Heart collection

Take ephedra, European asarum and chamomile, mix in a ratio of 1:1:2, brew in half a liter of boiling water. Infuse, then drink half a glass twice a day. Relieves shortness of breath, eliminates pain and tightness in the heart and sternum.

• Strengthening mixture

Take 100 grams of butter, 50 grams of nutria fat, sugar, cocoa, cream - half a glass each, 8 egg yolks. Melt the butter and nutria fat, add all the other ingredients except the yolks, stirring slowly. Stir until completely dissolved. Remove from heat, beat in the yolks. Put in a cool place to harden. Take a piece three times a day for heart disease, to prevent heart attacks.

• Restorative mixture

Take 200 ml of badger fat, mix with 50 ml of echinacea extract and 50 ml of eleutherococcus extract. Drink 1 tablespoon three times a day to recover from inflammatory heart diseases, heart attack, microinfarction.

• Cleansing mixture

Take 200 grams of oats and 5 eggshells. Grind the oat grains in a mortar or grind them in a meat grinder. Crush the shells. Mix. Drink 1 teaspoon, adding a light solution of citric acid. Use in the morning. Helps cleanse blood vessels and remove toxins.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment involves installing a stent, which will prevent the lumen in the vessels from narrowing. A stent can be described as an iron ring that is placed in the lumen of the coronary vessels. An additional catheter prevents the lumen from narrowing, as a result of which the blood supply remains stable. This is the most reliable way to prevent further heart attacks, since blood circulation cannot be disrupted in principle. But this method of treatment cannot always be used, since many elderly people cannot undergo heart surgery due to a large number of concomitant pathologies. Such surgery is suitable for young people who can easily recover from surgery and who are healthy enough to undergo it.

Also, in case of a heart attack, aortocoronary bypass grafting is performed, in which an additional blood pathway is artificially created that bypasses the vessel blocked by a thrombus.

Treatment of microinfarction at home

Self-medication should never be done, as it can only harm you. Home treatment comes down to strictly following the doctor's recommendations and a serious approach to rehabilitation. It is necessary to adhere to combination therapy. Folk remedies can only be used in combination with traditional therapy, sometimes with physiotherapy. It is important to do therapeutic exercise and perform the exercises that the doctor recommended.

Recovery and rehabilitation after microinfarction

Rehabilitation is aimed at restoring the heart muscle and returning to a normal lifestyle. The goal is also to restore working capacity. It is necessary to strictly follow all doctor's recommendations, attend therapeutic exercise classes. Physical exercises must be performed in strict accordance with the instructor's instructions. It is important to maintain the required pace, rhythm, and number of repetitions. The physical rehabilitation program is developed individually. It depends on the characteristics of the disease, its form, severity, and the current condition of the patient. At the same time, the heart rate, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure are monitored. The dosage of the load is increased gradually, starting with the minimum. Exercises must first be performed strictly under the supervision of an instructor, then they can be performed at home, independently. Rehabilitation may include physiotherapy, massage, and swimming pool exercises. Swimming or an exercise bike are effective means of recovery.

Rehabilitation includes walks in the fresh air. Walks in pine forests are especially recommended, during which the body is saturated with oxygen, which has a positive effect on the heart muscle. You should give up smoking and drinking alcohol. It is important to ensure that blood pressure and weight are always within normal limits. Any increase or decrease in these indicators is stress for the body and creates an additional burden on the heart. It is necessary to control cholesterol levels. There are special drugs for this. You can return to work in about six months, but heavy physical activity should be avoided.

Life after a microinfarction

Life after a heart attack continues if timely measures are taken, full treatment is carried out, and rehabilitation is completed. Usually, due to the fact that the area of damage is insignificant, the body can compensate for lost functions for a long time, due to which a person can maintain high activity, in which the quality of life will not suffer at all. After a microinfarction, people are forced to take medications, follow a diet, maintain a healthy lifestyle for many years, and sometimes for life. Often it is not possible to completely eliminate arrhythmia, heart failure may develop.

Tablets after microinfarction

After a microinfarction, long-term drug therapy may be required. The patient must be prepared for the fact that the drugs will have to be taken for a long time, and sometimes even for the rest of his life. Statins are most often prescribed. Their use is aimed at inhibiting the enzyme that stimulates the formation of cholesterol. Accordingly, the level of cholesterol in the body decreases. There are fourth-generation statins, which are aimed directly at maintaining the heart muscle after a heart attack, during ischemia. Thrombolytic drugs are also prescribed, which prevent the formation of a blood clot and dissolve existing ones. It is recommended to take anticoagulants, which thin the blood.

Nutrition and diet for microinfarction

The diet should be balanced, but dietary. It is necessary to eat a large amount of vegetables and fruits. Cereals, coarse pasta, rye bread or bread with bran are recommended. Meat and fish should be lean.

Dairy products should be included in the diet in moderation. However, the products should not be fatty. The fat content should not exceed 5%. You should not eat butter, fat, cream. Margarine is allowed, since it does not contain cholesterol. Mayonnaise and sour cream should be completely excluded. Instead, it is better to use vegetable or olive oil. In case of a heart attack, it is useful to drink dry red wine, having previously diluted it with water. Food should not be too salty, since moth retains moisture in the body. As a result, the load on the heart increases, the pressure rises.

The diet involves excluding foods that contain a lot of cholesterol from the diet. It is recommended to eat whole grain products, pasta, and unrefined rice. It is necessary to include more fresh fruits and vegetables. You can eat lean meats, fish, and seafood. Vegetable oils are used for dressing. At the same time, fatty, smoked foods, marinades, and pickles are excluded. Potato consumption should be reduced to a minimum.

Prevention

Prevention consists primarily in timely diagnosis of the disease. To do this, you need to undergo regular preventive examinations, promptly treat identified pathologies. You need to stick to a healthy diet, eliminate bad habits. Cardiovascular exercise and walks in the fresh air are important. Yoga and Pilates have a positive effect. It is important to learn the techniques of proper breathing, relaxation, and self-regulation. At the age of over 40, it is recommended to constantly take drugs that help maintain the normal functional state of the heart muscle. If necessary, you need to take drugs that lower cholesterol. The body must receive the required amount of vitamins and oxygen.

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Forecast

If the doctor's recommendations, treatment, and rehabilitation are followed, the prognosis is favorable. The cardiac tissue can fully recover and fully compensate for lost functions. If the attack went unnoticed and was detected only during examination, it can be assumed that the cardiac tissue has recovered. In this case, a favorable prognosis can be made. The first attack can end well, but the second almost always has complications. In the absence of rehabilitation and proper treatment, the prognosis is extremely unfavorable. An extensive heart attack may occur. In many cases, repeated microinfarctions end in death.

How long do people live after a microinfarction?

Microinfarction is a disease that you can live with for many years. But on condition of timely treatment and recovery. After a microinfarction, you need to take all preventive measures aimed at restoring the heart muscle and preventing repeated heart attacks. Since a repeated microinfarction can turn into a massive heart attack and end in death.

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