Medicines against cancer: what exist, the names

The main goal of any cure for cancer is to stop the process of dividing the cells of a malignant neoplasm with minimal damage to healthy tissues and prevent cancer cells from spreading to the patient's body.

The medicines used in oncology, according to the international pharmacotherapeutic classification (ATC / DDD Index), have code L - antitumor drugs and immunomodulators.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Indications for use

We will not delve into the details of the biochemical processes that determine the pharmacodynamics of antitumor drugs: indications for the use of each of them are approved by clinical protocols of chemotherapy for each type of tumor - taking into account the stage of the disease, the presence of metastases and individual characteristics of the organism of a particular patient.

The main names of drugs for cancer

All names of anticancer drugs currently produced can not be listed: almost for the treatment of breast cancer, almost fifty drugs can be used. The form of release of most antitumor agents is lyophilizate (in vials) for the preparation of an infusion solution or a ready-made solution (in ampoules) for parenteral use. In tablets and capsules, some enzyme inhibitors and immunomodulating agents are produced.

The protocols for chemotherapy include:

• cure for lung cancer: Cyclophosphamide (Cyclophosphamide, Cytoxan, Endoscan), Ifosfamide, Gemcitabine (Gemzar, Citogem), Hydroxycarbamide;
• cure for stomach cancer: Etoposide (Epipodophyllotoxin), Bortezomib (Velcade), Fluorafur (Fluorouracil, Tegafur, Sinoflurol), Methotrexate (Evretex);
• drugs for pancreatic cancer: Streptozocin, Ifosfamide, Imatinib (Glivec), Ftorafur, Gemcitabine;
• drugs for liver cancer: Cisplatin (Platinotin), Doxorubicin (Rastocin, Syndroxocin), Sorafenib (Neskawar), Everolimus (Athenitor), Fluorafur;
• a cure for kidney cancer: Dacarbazine, Ftoruracil, Cisplatin, Imatinib, Sunitinib, Gemcitabine;
• cure for esophageal cancer: Vincristine, Doxorubicin, fluorouracil, Paclitaxel, Imatinib;
• remedy for bowel cancer: leucovorin, capecitabine, oxaliplatin (carboplatinum, medaksa, cytoplatin), irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab (Erbitux);
• a medicine for squamous cell carcinoma: Cisplatin, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Doxorubicin, Dacarbazine;
• a medicine for a cancer of a throat: Kabroplatin, Ciklofosfamid, Dakarbazin, Cetuksimab;
• medicines for breast cancer: Pertuzumab (Pieretta), Paclitaxel, Goserelin, Thiotepa, Tamoxifen, Letromara, Methotrexate, Epirubicin, Trastuzumab;
• Cure for uterine cancer: Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide (Endoxane), Dacarbazine, Methotrexate;
• Cure for cervical cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Pertuzumab (Pieretta), Xeloda;
• drugs for ovarian cancer (carcinomas): Cisplatinum, Cytoforsfan, Melphalan, Ftoruracil, Chlorambucil;
• medicines for bone cancer (osteogenic sarcoma): Ifosfamide, CABROPLATIN, CYCLOFOSFAMID;
• cure for blood cancer (acute leukemia): Cytarabine, Ibrutinib, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin (Zavedoks), Fludarabine;
• drugs for cancer of the lymphatic system (lymphoma): Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Alemtuzumab, Rituximab (Redduxus, Rituxan);
• a cure for skin cancer: fluorouracil, melphalan, gliosomide, demekolcin;
• drugs for brain cancer (gliomas, glioblastomas, meningiomas, etc.): Bevacizumab, Temozolomide (Temodal), Procarbazine, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide;
• a cure for bladder cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Methotrexate;
• drugs for prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma of the prostate): Bicalutamide (Casodex), Fluorouracil, Triptorelin (Diferelin), Leiprorelin, Degarelix (Firmagon), Flutamide.

Cure for cancer from Germany

The release of anti-cancer drugs (Gemzar, Alkeran, Kryzotinib, Holoxane, Oxaliplatin, etc.) deals with many German pharmaceutical companies, among which are such well-known as Bayer and Merck.

The cancer drug from Germany  Nexavar, manufactured by Bayer AG, is used to treat inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and thyroid cancer.

This company produces the inhibitor of protein kinases Stivagra (Regoraphanib) - for the treatment of intestinal cancer, as well as radiopharmaceutical Xofigo, used in the treatment of metastatic bone tissue cancer.

Merck produces an experimental drug for cancer  Vorinostat (Vorinostat) or Zolinza, which is used for progressive, non-chemotherapeutic T-cell skin lymphoma (approved by the FDA in 2006). The active substance of the drug is suberoylanilide-hydroxamic acid (SAHA), inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). Clinical trials of this drug are continuing and they have shown its activity against recurrent multiform glioblastoma (brain tumor) and non-small cell lung carcinoma.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Cure for Cancer in Israel

Numerous cancer centers can provide any cures for cancer in Israel, as well as for patients outside the country.

One of the newest drugs used by Israeli oncologists for targeted therapy of a progressive stage of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and kidney carcinoma -  Opdivo  or Nivolumab - belongs to the new pharmacological group of PD-1 receptor blockers. The drug was developed by the American biopharmaceutical company Medarex and Ono Pharmaceutical (Japan), manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb (USA); approved by the FDA in 2014.

The apoptosis receptor for cells-1 (PD-1) is a member of the superfamily of the receptor membrane protein CD28, which plays a crucial regulatory role in the activation and tolerance of immune T cells, as well as tissue protection from autoimmune attack. Moreover, activating with chronic infections and malignant tumors, this receptor and its ligands weaken the defenses of the body. Blocking PD-1 allows the immune system to attack cancer cells. During the Opdiva trials, it was proven effective in the treatment of progressive squamous cell lung cancer with metastases.

Recently, Russian media have announced the development and the decision to produce  PD 1 medicine, which, according to the head of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, "is able to completely cure oncological diseases that previously did not respond to treatment."

American Cures for Cancer

More than a decade ago, the American pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers Squibb began developing an experimental medicine for cancer.  Tanespimycin (17-AAG), a derivative of the polyketide antibiotic Geldanamycin, which has been used to treat leukemia, multiple myeloma, and renal tumors. The drug acts by inhibiting the intracellular stress protein, the heat shock protein (HSP) or chaperone, which performs regenerative functions and prevents apoptosis.

Proteins, which under stress conditions (necrosis, tissue destruction or lysis) are produced by cells, were discovered in the early 1960s. Italian geneticist Ferruccio Ritossa (Ferruccio Ritossa). After a while, it turned out that HSPs are activated in cancer cells and increase their survival. The transcription factor of heat shock (HSF1), regulating the expression of the genes of this protein, was also discovered. Specialists of the Institute of Biomedical Research, Whitehead (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) have proved that HSF1 coordinates induction of chaperones and is a multilateral factor of carcinogenesis, and deactivation of this factor stops the growth of tumors. Drugs that block the heat shock protein are referred to as proteasome inhibitors or proteolysis.

When Bristol-Myers Squibb refused the release of Tanepimycin, a new American company called Co-D Therapeutics, Inc. , a new American medicine for breast cancer, lung carcinoma and angiosarcoma- Triolimus, began to produce. This medicine contains polymeric micelles created on the basis of nanotechnology, which allow delivering several anti-cancer agents in one preparation, in particular, Paclitaxel, Rapamycin and Tanespimycin.

By the way, since 2006 Bristol-Myers Squibb also produces a nas cure for cancer  Spraysel (Dasatinib), which belongs to the group of tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitors and is intended for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia and skin cancer with metastases.

Nanomolar concentrations of the drug act purposefully and suppress the growth of only tumor cells.

But back to the chaperones. In the spring of 2017, reports emerged that a unique Russian medicine for cancer of any kind was developed and tested on laboratory rats at the Research Institute of Extreme Pills at the Federal Medical Biological Agency. Its basis is the heat shock protein, which, according to the authors of the publication, has an antitumour effect ...

[10], [11], [12]

Russian cure for cancer

For complex therapy of breast cancer, a Russian medicine for Cancer Refnot is proposed, in which the active components are genetically modified cytokines - TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and thymosin alpha-1 (growth factor of lymphocytes and differentiation of T cells). It should be noted that a separate drug Timozin-alpha refers to the pharmacological group of immunostimulators.

The company BIOCAD (RF) produces anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies Acellbia (Rituximab), Bevacizumab and BCD-100, as well as antimetabolite Gemcitar (Gemcitabine) and proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib.

The last drug administered by Amilan-FS and Boromilan-FS is manufactured by F-Synthesis; under the name of Boramilan by the company of Nativa; The trade name Bortezol was given to this medicine in the company Pharmasynthesis, and two other Russian companies produce Bortezomib called Milatib.

Finnish cures for cancer

Finland is considered one of the leading countries in the field of cancer research and treatment. According to a study on the survival of cancer in Europe EUROCARE-5, Finland is recognized as the best European country in the treatment of breast cancer, head and neck area, the third - in the treatment of prostate cancer and the fourth - in the treatment of cancer of the intestine.

The antiestrogen drug Fareston from breast cancer in women during menopause is produced by the Finnish company Orion Pharma. She also produces an anti-hormonal drug against prostate cancer  Flutamide.

The Institute of Molecular Medicine of Helsinki University, together with the American pharmaceutical company Pfizer, is starting to develop new targeted anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of leukemia.

[13], [14], [15],

Indian medicine for cancer

In the complex treatment of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, Suprapol  (manufactured by Glerma Pharmaceuticals, India) can be used  .

This Indian medicine for cancer consists of the antimetabolite of fluorouracil and fulvic (humic) acid, which has a number of biological inhibitory properties, shows adaptogenic and anabolic qualities, contributes to detoxification of the body.

Over the past two decades, abroad, antiproliferative and antitumor properties of humic fulvic acids have been intensively studied in liver cancer and other organs. So, in 2004, a group of scientists from China Medical University (Taiwan) found that humic acid induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells in promyelocytic leukemia. By the way, the patent for the invention of the method for the preparation of modified fulvic acid for the preparation of antitumor drugs was issued in 2008 also in China.

Chinese cures for cancer

Many Chinese cures for cancer are of vegetable origin, and Kanglayt is an extract from grains of pearl barley or ordinary bead. This corn - a relative of corn, growing in the mills of Southeast Asia - is also called the tears of Job (Latin Coix lacryma-jobi). Along with other herbs, it has always been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a diuretic, analgesic and antispasmodic.

In the middle of the last century, the study of pearl barley was done by the Japanese, and a more detailed study of its properties by scientists from the University of Zhejiang

Prompted the fact that among the inhabitants of southeast China, in whose diet this cereal is present, cancer incidence rates are the lowest in the country.

The drug Kanglayt for parenteral use is an emulsion of the extracted from the grain plant lipids - a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The drug has undergone laboratory tests and clinical trials in medical institutions in China, proving its effectiveness in carcinoma of the lungs, as well as tumors of the breast, stomach and liver.

In the description of the action of this drug, its ability to slow the mitosis of cancer cells and the formation of vessels in tumor tissues is noted.

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Cuban cure for cancer

According to Expert Revue Vaccines, a new Cuban cancer drug CIMAvax-EGF-  Cimavax  (based on the molecular complex of epidermal growth factor EGF) is claimed as a therapeutic antitumor vaccine in the progressing, non-chemotherapeutic non-small cell lung cancer (as an adjuvant).

In five clinical trials and two randomized trials, four doses of Tsivamax were found to increase the survival of patients. The safety of this drug was also confirmed.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry reports that CIMAvax-EGF cancer drugs are currently being tested  for the purpose of verifying EGF as a predictive biomarker of the efficacy of this drug.

[23],

Kazakh medicine for cancer Arglabin

Immunomodulating plant-derived drug Arglabin - for parenteral use after radiotherapy or chemotherapy for breast, ovarian, lung and liver cancer cancers - are produced in Kazakhstan.

The destruction of cancer cells and the enhancement of bioavailability of radiation therapy are provided with Artemisia glabella (wormwood smooth) Argglin compound dimetholamine, which is a registered antitumor substance in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Researchers at the International Higher School of Molecular Medicine at the University of Ulm (Germany) are studying the antitumor potential of arglabin using prostate carcinoma cell lines. It has been proven in vivo that this substance can selectively inhibit proliferation and reduce the viability of prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and initiate their apoptosis by activating cysteine proteases (which leads to cell membrane damage and DNA fragmentation).

And in the research center of the University of Wageningen (the Netherlands), a new method for obtaining arglabine from bitter wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), and from tansy (Tanacetum parthenium), another compound with anti-cancer activity - parfenolide.

Ukrainian cure for cancer

Antitumor agent of Ukrainian development, created in the Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine -  nano medicine for  breast cancer Ferroplat (alkylating cytostake Cisplatin + magnetized iron in the form of nanoparticles). Currently, his preclinical research is continuing.

How to get on the test of cancer drugs on cancer patients? When the preparation is ready (all the prescribed inspections and all the required documents will be completed), the Ministry of Health of Ukraine will prepare and publish on its official website an appropriate order indicating the treatment facilities selected for conducting clinical trials of this drug and the conditions for its potential participants drug diagnosis and a detailed medical history with a complete description of the treatment and its results).

Together, the scientists of the National Antarctic Research Center and the Institute of Biology and Medicine of the KNU are striving to create a Ukrainian medicine for cancer. Shevchenko. During the Antarctic expeditions of 2013-2015. On the station Academician Vernadsky, microorganisms living on soil, mosses and lichens, adapted to low temperatures, were studied as potential sources of compounds with biologically active properties. And among the microbial cultures of micromycetes and bacteria (more than three dozen in total), there were suitable "candidates". According to the Ukrainian Antaktic Journal, these are microscopic gelocic fungi of the genus Pseudogymnoascus pannorum (surviving in the cold due to accumulation of lipids in cell membranes) and zygomycete Mucor circinelloides (known for its ability to genetic transformation).

What is a digital cure for cancer?

This is an experimental cancer drug created with the help of computer technology, which makes it possible to combine and match complex sets of molecular, biochemical and clinical data that represent the disease from all sides. In addition, the cycle of drug development is reduced several times.

BERG Health, a company specializing in biotechnology, has created a computer program (Interrogative Biology AI platform) for the development of cancer drugs using artificial intelligence. One drug, in particular BPM 31510, entered the second phase of the test to study its effectiveness in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Another digital cure for cancer is the new drug BPM 31510-IV for the treatment of multiform glioblastoma (such as brain cancer). To clarify the exact mechanism of its action, the drug will be tested in patients whose standard treatment is performed using recombinant monoclonal antibodies, in particular Bevacizumab.

Many IT professionals predict that the Interrogative Biology AI platform can make a breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry.

Is there vitamin 17?

Vitamin 17, other names -  Laetril, Lethil, Amygdalin, was released in the US and was presented as a cure for cancer. In fact, liquid Laetrile B 17 was part of the Budwig diet for cancer patients (it will be discussed below) - as a dietary supplement.

Contained in the seeds of stone (apricot, peach, bitter almonds) amygdalin in the stomach is cleaved with prussic acid, and this is toxic hydrogen cyanide. True, the manufacturer recommended taking vitamin C concurrently to neutralize the action of the toxin.

After repeated cases of poisoning of Americans by Laetrile, the FDA began to pursue clinics of "natural medicine" who used this remedy. At the end of 2012, the experts of the American Cancer Society stated that (we quote) "the existing scientific evidence does not support statements that Laetrile or Amygdalin are effective in treating cancer."

Medicines not related to antitumor drugs

Do not refer to antitumor drugs ancillary products that are offered for use in combination therapy of cancer:

Timalin (cattle thymus extract) can be used to maintain immunity with prolonged intake of antibacterial drugs, chemotherapy and radiation courses.

ASD (Dorogov's antiseptic stimulant, produced by high-temperature processing of meat and bone meal) is a modified biostimulator of Russian manufacture, used in veterinary medicine. According to the patent, it can be used to activate the general and local metabolism.

Thiophene is a phenolic antioxidant produced by the Russian Federation, containing hydroxyphenyl-propyl sulfides and a stabilizer of polymers and food products (CO-3). It acts as an anti-protector, that is, it improves the rheological properties of blood and reduces the risk of blood clots.

Creolin is an antiseptic for disinfection; can be applied externally with fungal infections.

Krutsin - official production has long ceased.

Alternative cures for cancer

Some, faced with an oncological diagnosis, decide to use the so-called folk remedies for cancer. And are there such miracle devices in general?

Here, for example, there are rumors that soda as a cure for cancer heals oncology ...

Tylio Simoncini, an Italian oncologist who was excluded from the Italian Medical Association, came up with the idea of the fungal origin of cancer, and he assured everyone that cancer causes Candida albicans, which colonizes the human body (and even wrote the book Cancer is Fungus). For the fact that he treated oncologists with injections of sodium bicarbonate solution (soda), and did not prescribe the necessary cures for cancer, he was deprived of the right to practice medicine. And when one of his patients died, Simoncini was put on trial.

Alternatives to cancer are chaga (birch fungus), celandine grass (especially colon cancer), garlic, green tea, ginger root and turmeric.

Selenium (Se) is able to inhibit the growth of thyroid tumors, due to the optimization of the immune system and antioxidant properties (American oncologists are encouraged by their patients to consume 200 μg selenium daily).

Aconite (wrestler), a perennial herbaceous plant used in homeopathy, is poisonous, but, as recent laboratory studies in the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Leshui in Zhejiang Province have shown, the poisonous alkaloid of this plant, aconitin, inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and activates them apoptosis (the study was conducted in mice).

And what will help with cancer black elderberry (Sambucus nigra)? Elderberry contains anthocyanins, flavonoids, other polyphenols and vitamins A and C, which confer her berries on medicinal properties, in particular, antioxidant. Some physiological and biochemical processes in the body contribute to the formation of free radicals. Oxidative reactions can cause pathological cellular mitosis and the appearance of tumors that can become malignant.

Once, for lack of medicines, kerosene (a product of oil refining) was used for general infection (for disinfection), arthritis and radiculitis). Probably, the merit of kerosene (ingested) is the destruction of bacteria and fungal infections, which in cancer reduced the infectious load on immunity.

Amanita, pale toadstool and cancer

The red Amanita muscaria (Amanita muscaria) and its closest "cousin" pale toadstool (Amanita phalloides), which are deadly poisonous amanite fungi, contain amathoxines α- and β-amanitine. In classical homeopathy, Amanita phalloides is used as a remedy for the fear of death ...

The mechanism of toxic effects of amafoxins on the human body is associated with the inhibition of a vital enzyme in the synthesis of cellular proteins - RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). Interacting with this enzyme, α-amanitine interferes with the translocation of RNA and DNA, resulting in the cessation of metabolism in cells and its death. When all this happens to tumor cells, where, as it turned out, compared to healthy cells, the activity of RNAP II (due to the increased expression of tumor HOX genes) is higher, the toxin of the fly agaric or toadstool acts as an anticancer agent. In this case, α-amanitine, affecting the atypical cells, does not cause serious consequences for healthy cells.

As reported by The Journal of Biological Chemistry, the German pharmaceutical company Heidelberg Pharma developed a new anti-cancer monoclonal agent based on α-amanitine.

[24], [25], [26], [27], [28]

Hemp and her oil

Sowing hemp (Cannabis sativa) gives not only a drug, but also oil, which is considered an effective additional treatment for cancer, stopping the growth of malignant tumors.

Hemp oil contains cannabinoids (phenol-containing terpenes), one of which - cannabidiol - binds to specific ones that are present in the central nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, hematopoietic and immunocompetent cells (macrophages, T- and B-cells of the immune system). Due to the blocking effect on the ID-1 DNA-binding protein inhibitor (growth stimulating, angiogenesis and neoplastic cell transformation), cannabidiol reduces its expression in cancer cells.

This has been proved by a number of studies, and to date, cannabis oil includes such anti-cancer effects as preventing the appearance of new blood vessels in the tumor and the spread of cancer cells into neighboring tissues, as well as stopping the division of atypical cells and starting the process of their lysosomal "self-digestion" - autophagy. This applies to malignant neoplasms of the lung, prostate and pancreas, colorectal carcinoma and ovarian cancer, leukemia and lymphoma.

Flax oil in the cancer patients' diet

Flax oil (linseed oil) contains many unsaturated fatty acids: linolenic (ω-3), linoleic (ω-6) and oleic (ω-9). It also contained alpha and gamma-tocopherol and selenium. Selenium was mentioned above, but fatty acids should be precisely unsaturated, because according to the theory of the famous German pharmacologist and nutritionist Johanna Budwig, the author of the diet for cancer patients, the causes of many forms of cancer lie in the imbalance of polyunsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids predominance of saturated.

Experts of the American Institute for Cancer Research support the view that flax oil is certainly useful for cancer patients, but it can not cure oncopathology.

[29], [30]

Where to get the venom of a Brazilian wasp?

The polybius osa (Polybia paulista) lives in the tropical regions of Argentina, Paraguay and is distributed in Brazil

The poison of the Brazilian wasp contains peptide toxins - polybines (Polybia-MP1, etc.), which, as the biochemists of Sao Paulo State University (Brazil) and the British University of Leeds have found, adhere to the phospholipids of the cell membranes, damage them and penetrate into the cancer cells.

And as a result of the subsequent necrosis of cytoplasm and chemical destruction of mitochondria, there is a decrease in tumors - due to the inevitable death of its cells.

How do drugs for cancer work?

When asked the question - is there a cure for cancer? - then, obviously, they mean a remedy capable of destroying the tumor and making the damaged cells healthy. There is no such drug yet, and most of the drugs currently used by oncologists in anticancer chemotherapy (called anti-blast cytotoxic drugs and cytotoxins) are aimed at slowing the mitosis of tumor cells leading to their programmed disintegration. Unfortunately, these drugs do not act selectively (only on tumor cells), and normal cells are also affected.

A universal medicine for all types of cancer - despite the occasional loud statements of some pharmaceutical companies - is also not yet available. The fact is that cancerous tumors of various organs are formed, grow and react to the drug effect in different ways, and this depends on many factors that are difficult to take into account in a single drug.

However, in almost all types of malignant tumors, polyfunctional alkylating drugs (DNA replication inhibitors) are used. This is one of the main and most numerous groups of anti-cancer drugs. Depending on the mechanism of action, cytostatic drugs for cancer can refer to antimetabolites (Methotrexate,  Fluorafur, Gemcitabine, etc.), plant alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Etoposide) and antitumor antibiotics (Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Mitomycin).

For targeted (targeted) therapy, other drugs are used. First, they must reduce the number of tumor cells without affecting normal, especially immune cells. Secondly, the immune system needs strengthening, especially its cellular link. To achieve the first goal, there are drugs that have inhibitory or blocking effect on specific cancer genes or enzymes of the human body that promote the growth and survival of tumor cells. These are preparations of enzyme inhibitor groups (Imatinib, Sunitinib, Bortezomib, Letromara, Regoraphanib, etc.) and monoclonal antibodies (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Rituximab, Trastuzumab,  Keitruda  (Pembrolysumab),  Pierretta  (Pertuzumab).) A number of antitumor hormones (eg, Tryptorelin, Goserelin, etc.) are used in hormone-dependent types of cancer.And to help the immune system cope with mutant cells, oncologists prescribe drugs that modulate immunity (although there are differences in assessing their effectiveness).

The most expensive cures for cancer

Cancer is a cruel disease that affects millions a year. And in order to overcome their illness, they are forced to pay fabulous for most people money for the most expensive cures for cancer. In terms of business, oncological drugs are the most reliable guarantee of high incomes of pharmaceutical companies ...

Many new drugs are targeted at specific types of cancer and are very expensive. For example, the price of 40 mg of the drug  Opdivo  (Nivolumaba) 40 mg. - more than $ 900, and 100 mg - more than $ 2300. The price of one package of Zolinza medicine (in the package of 120 tablets) is about $ 12 thousand, that is, each pill costs the patient $ 100.

When will they invent a cure for cancer?

"Cancer treatment is difficult, and biological changes in types of cancer are profound and represent a big problem with all the different mutations in cancer." This was said by the former director of the American National Cancer Institute (NCI), Nobel laureate Dr. Harold Varmus.

Experts say that over the past five years there has been a tremendous progress in cancer, but "treatment" of all its species is unlikely, because they are at least about two hundred. So to find one cure for cancer to cope with all of them, apparently, is impossible.

Therefore, oncologists do not believe in any prophecy about a cure for cancer ... Someday, as Wang said, cancer must be "chained with iron chains", but nobody knows who will be this "blacksmith".