Joint pain medications

When the joints of the upper and lower extremities begin to ache and "twist", the person experiences severe discomfort, it becomes difficult for him to move, which affects, to a large extent, psychological health. To stop the problem, the patient has to take medications for pain in the joints.

But in order to obtain maximum effectiveness from therapy, the medication of this action must be prescribed by a specialist.

[1],

Indications for the use of drugs for pain in the joints

Combined with this orientation, medications are comparable to therapeutic pharmacodynamic characteristics. Their main property is to stop the most rapid development of the inflammatory process and bring it to regress. Therefore, the indications for the use of drugs against joint pain are reduced to the list:

• Rheumatoid and gouty arthritis is a disease of the musculoskeletal system, in which, as a rule, the symmetrical joints of the hands and feet are affected.
• Injury of connective and soft tissues conjugated to the joint region.
• Arthrosis - pathological changes in the organs of the musculoskeletal system, accompanied by the destruction of cartilaginous tissues.
• Osteoarthritis is a pathology associated with degeneration and dystrophic changes affecting the joint joint, the cause of which is the destruction of the cartilaginous tissue of the articular surfaces.
• Ankylosing spondylitis (or Bechterew's disease) is a systemic inflammation of the spine and elements of the musculoskeletal system, of a chronic nature.
• Radiculitis is an inflammation of the nerve roots that enter the intervertebral foramen.
• Osteochondrosis - dystrophic changes of the spine, in which, first of all, intervertebral disks are affected.

Form of issue

Drugs from joint pain in the pharmacological market are represented by a wide range of names. The form of release of these medicines also differs in variety. These are tablets that differ depending on the concentration of the active ingredient in it. For example, movalis is manufactured by the manufacturer at a dosage of 7.5 mg or 1.5 mg, which makes it easier to take different dosages.

They are also presented in the form of a suppository. For example, piroxicam can be found on pharmacy shelves at a dosage of 20 mg.

Pharmacological preparations of this group are also available in the form of capsules. Ampoules provide a solution for intramuscular injection.

[2], [3],

Pharmacodynamics of drugs for pain in joints

Medicines used to treat rheumatoid symptoms have a similar mechanism of action on the patient's body. Pharmacodynamics of drugs for pain in joints is caused by anti-inflammatory characteristics, has the ability to blunt or complete relief of attacks of pain in the joints and nearby tissues. The drug inhibits the biosynthesis of local mediators of prostaglandins. These structures, with an inflammatory lesion of the cell membrane, cause heliotaxis of the body, provoking an attack of pain.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of some NSAIDs is selective inhibition of the enzymatic activity of COX2 (cyclooxygenase - an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostanoids, such as thromboxanes, prostacyclin and prostaglandins). If the drug is administered for a long time or in significant amounts, as well as in view of the individual characteristics of the organism, the selectivity of this enzyme is significantly reduced. In this case, this process has a direct effect on the immediate focus of inflammation, while the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and the kidneys are negatively affected.

Modern drugs for joint pain, due to their properties, very rarely provoke the appearance of erosions and ulcers on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

The active chemical compounds of drugs work reflexively, irritatingly acting on the endings of the nerve receptors of the skin (with external application) or irritatingly acting on the receptors of the affected area (when entering the drug inside). In the process of such influence, the capillaries of the vascular system expand, improving the circulation in the affected area, as indicated by the hyperemia of the treated area. With the activation of blood circulation, the diseased area receives more nutrition and oxygen. Thanks to such an improvement, there is a sharp increase in the synthesis of biogenic amines, which can reduce the pain threshold of the body.

Preparations for pain in joints effectively reduce their swelling, normalize the course of metabolic processes, dissolve and utilize salts and show slight antihistaminic properties.

Pharmacokinetics of drugs for pain in joints

Medicines prescribed for pain in the vessels and connective tissues have a good bioavailability. When entering the interior, this figure reaches 90%. The pharmacokinetics of drugs for pain in the joints shows a good level of absorption. Consumption of food does not affect the absorption and disposal processes.

Most of the constituents of the drug metabolize in the liver, forming pharmacologically inactive derivatives. The drug is disposed of mainly in the form of metabolites, approximately in equal proportions both through the kidneys with urine, and with the products of digestion through the intestine. With caloric masses, only about 5% of the daily administration of the drug is released unchanged. In the original form in urine, the starting substance can be found only in the form of small traces.

In case of external application, the degree of absorption of the active chemical compounds of the preparation is negligible. For example, in such ointments as ibuprofen, diclofenac or ketoprofen, this figure is not more than 6%, whereas the degree of binding to plasma proteins practically reaches a level of 100%.

When applying gels and ointments of this pharmacological orientation to the affected joint zone, mainly all the amount of penetrating active drug substance accumulates in the synovial fluid, being distributed in the joint cavities. A small amount of it, which is absorbed into the blood, through the kidneys with urine out. As the instruction attached to the drug says, ointments of external use do not exert any systemic action on the patient's body.

Names of drugs for pain in joints

The list of drugs that perfectly stop the pathology in question is predominantly related to nonsteroidal drugs. This list is quite extensive, but here are some of the most commonly used medications. Names of drugs for pain in joints:

• Apisarthron (Apisarthron) is a complex remedy used on the outside. Has dilatation vessels and analgesic characteristics.
• Diclofenac (diclonate, voltaren, diclonac, diclac, raptene, diclof, diclovite) - has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect.
• Viprosalum (Viprosalum) - is applied topically, externally. Anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving remedy.
• Ungapiven is a medicine that relieves pain and inflammatory symptoms.
• Liniment "Alorom" (Linimentum "Alorom") is a complex phytopreparation, which includes extracts of calendula and chamomile, eucalyptus and castor oil, aloe juice and emulsifier, menthol. Liniment has resolving, analgesic and anti-inflammatory parameters.
• Ibuprofen (Dip Rilif - (Ibufen)) - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that effectively inhibits inflammatory processes in the patient's body, relieves pain, shows antipyretic properties.
• Apisarthron new (Apisarthron new) is a medicine made on the basis of bee venom. Painkiller and anti-inflammatory.
• Bishofit (Bishofit) is a preparation of moderate anti-inflammatory and analgesic (analgesic) action, prescribed for chronic inflammatory diseases.
• Forapin E (Forapin E) is a combined drug used for external use. The drug has vasodilator, resorptive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
• Ketonal (Fastum gel) - refers to the derivatives of propionic acid, has the ability to stop inflammatory processes, effectively removes heat, is a strong analgesic.
• Vipratox (Vipratox) - analgesic and extinguishing the inflammatory process characteristics. Used for topical application.
• Apiphor (Apiphor) - a drug that alleviates pain and extinguishes the inflammatory process.
• Ointment "Efkamon" (Unguentum "Efcamonum") - ointment has vasodilating properties, improves blood flow in the affected area.
• Vipraxinum (Vipraxinum) is an aqueous solution of viper venom. It has resorptive, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving symptoms.
• Forapinum (Forapinum) - antirheumatic drug with analgesic characteristics, developed on the basis of bee venom.
• Gepar-Joint is a complex medicinal preparation containing homeopathic dilutions of 24 active components. Removes inflammation, dissolves and removes salts, reduces joint pain and swelling, normalizes metabolic processes, has anti-allergic effect.
• Bile medical canned (Choleconservatamedicata) - a medicinal product is made on the basis of natural bile of utilized cattle. Has a pain-reducing, stopping inflammation and resolving characteristics.
• Formic alcohol (Spiritus formacicus) - has irritating skin characteristics.
• Piroxicam (Finalgel) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drug.
• Virapin (Virapin) - relief pain and effectively extinguishing the inflammatory process in the joints means.
• Ointment "Gevkamen" (Unguentum "Geucamenum") - for external topical application. It has distracting and analgesic characteristics in various neuralgia.
• Movalis (Movalis) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic characteristics.
• Turpentine purified oil (OleumTerebinthinaerectificatum), as well as turpentine ointment (Unguentum terebinthinae) - in fact it is purified from various admixtures of turpentine.
• Nayaksin (Najaxinum) - the basis of the preparation of poison in the form of dry crystals, obtained from the Central Asian cobra. Anesthetic drug, mainly prescribed for relapse of the disease. It is an effective enhancer of anesthetics in place of drugs and narcotic analgesics.
• Bisholin (Bisholin) - a medicine moderately relieves inflammation and relieves pain in the joints.
• Gumisolum (Gumisolum) - a drug developed on the basis of Haapsalu marine therapeutic mud. It is an excellent biogenic stimulant (a class of biologically active substances of vegetable, as well as animal origin, having a diverse stimulating effect on various organs and systems of the body).

Drugs that relieve pain in joints

The modern pharmacological market provides the consumer with a fairly extensive list of drugs that work quite efficiently on the treatment of diseases affecting the connective tissues and joints of the patient, causing, at times, intolerable pain. Drugs that relieve pain in joints are represented by different forms of release and reception, but all of their pharmacodynamic properties are directed to the extinction of a progressive disease in the human body. Possessing analgesic properties, these medicines effectively stop the pain, which pushes the patient, and localizes in the joints of the patient.

Therefore, in order to correctly assign a medicine that allows the person to get rid of the problem most quickly and qualitatively, the treating doctor studies in detail the patient's anamnesis, trying to determine the source and cause of the pathology. After all, if the pain in the joint is the result of a bruise, then one drug works best, and if the pain is a consequence of an evolving disease caused by an infectious disease, then it is better to paint therapy with a drug of another group.

Based on the direction and mechanism of therapeutic influence, drugs for pain in the joints are divided into two types. These are irritating (the area of the skin that the medicine is applied to) and anti-inflammatory drugs (which stop the process).

Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with inflammation. These include osteochondrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis, osteoarthritis, radiculitis, deforming arthrosis, osteoarthritis, as well as diseases affecting the inflammatory process of soft tissue that are located around the affected joint: tendovaginitis or bursitis. To such it is possible to carry: fastum - gel, movalis, ketonal, gepar-joint and others.

Prescribe medications for pain in the joint and to reduce or completely stop the pain symptoms that appeared in the affected area as a result of trauma to soft and bony tissues, as well as muscle pains and neuralgia (inflammation affecting the peripheral nerves). This category of drugs include benguin, gevkamen, vipralgon, capsicum, bomb-benga, efkamon, alvipsal, finalgon, viprosal, espol and others.

These drugs are often included in the protocol for the treatment of arthralgic syndrome (joint pain), which is a symptom of other diseases of a neurological, endocrine, infectious or autoimmune nature.

Mainly for the treatment of pathologies of this nature, NSAIDs are used - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Such a choice of physicians is explained by the fact that these drugs work not only as analgesics, which effectively stop pain symptoms, but also favorably influence the body in places of inflammation, working on the suspension of this process and its regression.

[8], [9], [10]

Dosing and Administration

The duration of the treatment course is established by the attending doctor specifically for each patient, based on the overall picture of the disease, the patient's condition and individual characteristics. If a patient has a history of diagnosed with a disease that does not allow the taking of a particular drug, it is replaced by an analog that is acceptable for admission. At the same time, with special care, the method of administration and dose of drugs of the given group and direction is attributed, if a history of the patient shows renal failure.

Indications for prescribing a drug in the form of intramuscular injections is a high intensity of pain, an acute form of inflammation that flows in the region of the joints of the musculoskeletal system. Mostly, the patient receives injections for two to three days. For example, the daily amount of injected movalis is 7.5 mg, but with therapeutic need, it can be brought to a value of 15 mg, but not more. After removing the severity of inflammation, the doctor takes the patient to take the tablet form of the drug, canceling injections.

Tablets are prescribed to the patient for complaints about mild pain symptoms. In the form of rectal suppositories, the attending physician prescribes therapy if there is a slight pain and a moderate level of inflammatory syndrome. Rectal suppositories are effective not only for joint pain, but also for urologic or gynecological inflammation. A significant advantage of the suppositories used (before tablets) is that when they are used, the active substance of the drug starts to work much earlier.

Medicines in the form of an ointment are taken only as an external agent and applied to the skin in a small layer. For example, diclofenac of this form of release is rubbed three times throughout the day into the skin on the affected joint, using for each procedure two to four grams of the drug.

Once a day, for young patients who are between 6 and 12 years of age, the recommended dose is 1.5 to 2 grams of medication applied twice a day.

Gel piroxicam squeezed out about one centimeter from the packaging tube and with the help applied to the drug applicator rubbed into the skin on the affected area. Such procedures should not be used more often than three times throughout the day. To increase the efficiency of the procedure, the lubricated area must be insulated with a handkerchief or scarf.

Preparations in the form of capsules are taken in the same way as the tablet form: one capsule three times throughout the day. It is recommended to take in the process of eating, squeezed with enough liquid.

[11], [12], [13], [14],

Use of medications for pain in joints during pregnancy

The time when a woman expects the appearance of her baby is, undoubtedly, the happiest period in her life. However, during this time the maternal organism undergoes various tests. Very often, especially in the late pregnancy, young moms experience pain that appears in the joint area, especially after she has been on her feet for a long time or performed other mechanical movements.

Predominantly in this case, the pain symptomatology is physiological in nature and does not require any medical intervention. A woman should just have patience. Labor will pass, and the pain symptoms will disappear by itself. To ease the condition of a pregnant woman, you can only give a few tips:

• Revise your diet. It should be full and rich in vitamins and minerals. Do not forget about the sour-milk products, which have a high content of calcium and other elements, so necessary for the body to be pregnant.
• Perhaps, it is necessary poprinimat vitamin-mineral complexes, which are easy to buy in any pharmacy. In this regard, it is better to consult your doctor who is pregnant.
• Do not heavily burden the lower limbs with long trips, especially immediately before childbirth.
• If a pregnant woman has a flat foot, she must use orthopedic insoles or specialized footwear when walking.
• At a time when the stomach is noticeably rounded, the use of a supporting band should not be ignored. This step will partially relieve the locomotor system of the body, removing the increased load from the joints.
• Meditation and light massage.

But if the pain is not tolerable, bring a significant discomfort to the woman, you should consult a specialist. He must find out the cause of the pathology. The use of drugs for pain in joints during pregnancy is permissible only with the permission of the attending physician.

Contraindications to the use of drugs for pain in joints

Any chemical compound used in the therapy of a disease carries both positive and negative consequences of its impact. There are limitations to the intake and medications that are used to relieve the pain symptoms arising from pathological changes in the joints. Contraindications to the use of drugs for pain in the joints can be called the following:

• Increased individual intolerance of the components of the drug to the patient's organisms.
• Polypic processes in the nasal cavity.
• Ulcerative lesions of the stomach or duodenal mucosa.
• Bronchial asthma.
• Severe form of renal and / or hepatic dysfunction.
• Pathological changes leading to a malfunction in the process of blood clotting.
• Severe cases of heart failure.
• Pregnancy. The intake of such drugs can provoke a failure in the development of the renal, cardiac and pulmonary embryo system. During the period of obstetrics, against the background of medications taken, uterine bleeding may open and the intensity of uterine contractions may decrease.
• Feeding the newborn with breast milk. Preparations of the non-steroid group simply penetrate into the mother's milk.
• For people of retirement age, such drugs are attributed to the use only in view of the acute need.
• Intramuscularly it is allowed to prescribe some drugs only when the patient reaches 18 years of age.
• In the form of tablets and suppositories, medicines of this nature are not attributed to patients up to 12 years of age.
• Preparations in the form of rectal suppositories are categorically prohibited if a history of the patient has an inflammatory process that occurs in the tissues of the rectum.
• If a woman plans to become pregnant in the near future, then before deciding on treatment or conception, it is necessary to consult a specialist, since nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a negative effect on fertility.
• Use of drugs for pain in the joints of external action, in the presence of a patient in the place of applying a gel or ointment of any dermatological disease, as well as in the case of an existing wound or cut (any damage to the skin) in the treated area.

[4], [5], [6], [7],

Side effects of drugs for joint pain

If the clinical picture of the disease shows a long period of taking medications, or for some reason, the patient took a significant amount of the drug, as well as due to the individual characteristics of the patient's body, against the backdrop of drug therapy can be observed side effects of drugs from pain in the joints. Pathological manifestations can show this symptomatology:

• Appearance of symptoms of an allergic reaction: itching on the skin, rash, flushing and / or burning.
• There may be a feeling of nausea. With a high intensity of nausea, vomitive reflex may appear.
• Dizziness.
• The growth of blood pressure.
• Failure in the normal functioning of the digestive system.
• Headache.

Overdose

If the treatment protocol lists the use of medications for pain in joints in forms that involve internal administration, with prolonged therapeutic treatment, or if the patient has taken a significant amount of the drug, and because of the individual characteristics of the organism, an overdose of the constituents of the medicine may occur. Symptomatic of this reaction of the body can be:

• Increased depth of breathing.
• Nausea.
• Dizziness.
• Pain in epigastrium.
• Increased nervous excitement, depression of the central nervous system.
• Hyperpyrexia is a febrile state of the body.
• Unstable gait.
• Vomiting.
• Visual impairment.
• Hyperemia of the skin of the face.
• Drowsiness.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Comatose state - in isolated cases.

With external use of medicines, which are used in the treatment of joint pain, overdosage of medications has not been observed. In this case, the response of the body can be observed only if the medicine is used improperly: deviation from the recommendations, application to the mucosa or skin, which is broken by abrasions, cuts or a disease of a dermatological nature.

If there are still symptoms of excess dosage of the drug, then symptomatic or supportive therapy is performed. In a particularly difficult case, the doctor prescribes a blood transfusion and a hemodialysis procedure.

Interactions of drugs against pain in joints with other drugs

In the case of monotherapy with the use of any drug, you should pay close attention to the maintenance of recommendations on the method of administration and the administration of prescribed doses. But especially it is worthwhile to treat the introduction of several drugs simultaneously. In order to prevent unwanted complications, it is necessary to know the consequences of drug interactions from pain in joints with other drugs.

With the mutual intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs together with drugs that work to increase sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, NSAIDs enhance the effect of the latter. These include sulfonamides, preparations of antifungal action, as well as antibiotics.

A number of drugs when working together with diuretics (eg, hypothiazide, furosemide), reduce the effectiveness of diuretic action. There are cases of lowering the quality of the work of medicines, which are taken to reduce blood pressure.

The administration of oral glucocorticoids in parallel with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases the likelihood of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Substantial changes in pharmacodynamics during tandem entry with other drugs have not been observed to date.

Conditions of storage of drugs for pain in joints

In order to prevent a decrease in the effectiveness in the work of the group of medicines under consideration, care should be taken to keep the drugs in pain from the joints.

The mandatory requirements include:

• Storage of the preparation in a cool place, where the room temperature does not exceed + 25 ° С. But there are a number of drugs, for example, drugs produced on the basis of diclofenac, when the temperature should not exceed the value of +15 ° C. Therefore, when buying, should be well acquainted with the instructions attached to the medicine.
• Keep the medicine in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight.
• The medicine should not be available to children.

[15], [16], [17], [18],

Shelf life

Any drug has its own time period, within which it can be used for its intended purpose, reasonably expecting the necessary effectiveness. The shelf life of all medicines must necessarily be reflected on their packaging. Primarily, the effective period of the drugs of this group is two to three years. The date of manufacture and the end date of the permitted use is reflected on the package of the medicinal product. If the deadline has passed, then such a medicine is not recommended for use in drug therapy.

Whatever the reason for the appearance of pain symptoms, but this process is not only unpleasant, causing discomfort, but also dangerous, especially if the human immunity is weakened. In any case, to suffer pain - "maybe will pass" - or, conversely, an independent decision to resort to medical treatment can lead to deterioration of the joint condition and loss of precious time for the diagnosis and the appointment of an effective treatment that can only appoint a qualified specialist. Only he is able to assess the need and the possibility of using drugs for pain in the joints, as well as having a complete clinical picture of the disease and the patient's anamnesis, to assess the most acceptable way of taking them and the form of consumption. The main thing is not to delay seeking treatment from a doctor. After all, the sooner the therapeutic treatment starts, the easier it will be to stop the pathology, and less money must be spent. But more importantly, this approach to one's health will allow the human body to obtain the smallest amount of damage and influence from the progressing disease and chemical compounds that make up the drugs taken.