Inocain

Inocain is a local anesthetic medicine for ophthalmic procedures. Contains the component oxybuprocaine.

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Indications Inokain

It is used for short-term local anesthesia for ophthalmic disorders:

• removal of foreign objects from the conjunctiva, as well as the cornea;
• performing gonioscopy or eye tonometry procedures, as well as other diagnostic studies;
• preparation for retrobulbar or subconjunctival injection injections.

Release form

The release of the substance is realized in the form of eye drops, inside a dropper bottle with a capacity of 5 ml. In the box - 1 such bottle.

Pharmacodynamics

Local anesthetic that blocks the activity of nerve receptors. It acts by locking back the activity of Na + channels in the walls of nerve fibers, as well as slowing the generation of potentials (first inside small vegetative fibers, and then in the area of larger fibers (sensory) and at the final stage - inside the neural fibers themselves). After local administration, it passes well into the tissues.

In comparison with Tetrakainom and other local anesthetics, the drug has a weaker irritant effect on the cornea and conjunctiva. Surface anesthesia of these areas develops after half a minute and lasts for a 15-minute segment. At the end of the local anesthetic effect, the sensitivity of the conjunctiva with the cornea is restored.

The drug does not affect the function of accommodation and the width of the eye pupil.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug passes without difficulty into the corneal stroma with 1-time instillation of drugs in the region of the conjunctival sac. During the subsequent 15-minute period, a significant decrease in the stromal indices of the drug is observed, which leads to the development of a 12-15-minute segment of anesthesia.

Inside the circulatory system, the substance is absorbed in small quantities, immediately undergoing metabolism there with the formation of inactive metabolic products.

Key metabolic products are 80% excreted through the kidneys as a combination with glucuronic acid.

Dosing and administration

The drug is used locally.

When removing foreign objects that have fallen on the conjunctiva with the cornea: in order to remove the chalazion, you need to drop 1 drop of medication with a 1.5-minute interval (anesthesia for 5 minutes).

Before starting the procedures of gonioscopy or eye tonometry, and in addition to this other diagnostic measures: 1 drop of the substance inside the conjunctival eye bag. The development of surface anesthesia in the area of the cornea with conjunctiva begins after 60 seconds. For prolonged anesthesia (up to 1 hour) a 3-time instillation is required with a 4-5 minute interval.

Before the injection of a retrobulbar or subconjunctival nature: 3-fold application of the 1st drop of the substance with a 5-minute interval.

During instillation, you need to lightly press the inner region of the lacrimal sac before starting the procedure, and release it after 60 seconds from the moment of instillation - in order to reduce systemic absorption.

Keep your eyes closed between performing consecutive instillations.

Before the introduction of the drug must be removed lenses. At the end of the analgesic effect of Inocain, they can be put back on.

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Use Inokain during pregnancy

Nocain can be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding only in emergency situations, when the likely benefit to a woman is more expected than the risk of developing negative symptoms in the fetus or infant.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• the presence of HF to a severe degree;
• allergy signs;
• hyperthyroidism;
• open injured eyes of penetrating character;
• eye infections;
• severe intolerance regarding the elements of the drug or other local anesthetics from the group of esters such as PABK or amide category.

Side effects Inokain

The introduction of eye drops can cause such disorders:

• local manifestations of an ophthalmologic nature: discomfort, keratitis (also discoid, toxic, candidal and fine-grained, superficial), burning in the eye area, keratopathy (this includes its ulcerative necrotizing, toxic and postoperative forms) affecting the iris fibrinosis, periorbit ormatormamamama this includes the allergic type of disorder). In addition, there is suppression of the prekornialny film (only in those with blue eyes), weakening of the sensitivity of the eye cornea or a change in its thickness, direct cytotoxic effect on corneal cells (for example, a significant decrease in oxygen consumption of the corneal epithelium) and a moderate corneal lesion. False-positive indications also appear, the frequency of spontaneous blinking movements, tingling sensations, spontaneous eye movements, stromal infiltration, corneal ulcers, formation of peripheral rings in the cornea area, cataracts, fibrinous iritis and weakening of the stability of the lacrimal film;
• Disorders of the NA: a feeling of excitement, severe confusion, disorientation or euphoria, sedation, speech, visual or auditory function disorder, convulsions, loss of consciousness and paresthesia;
• lesions of the musculoskeletal structure: muscle cramps;
• impaired respiratory function: stopping the respiratory process;
• problems with the work of the digestive tract: vomiting, nausea or dysphagia;
• symptoms provoked by the action of a preservative (benzalkonium chloride): a feeling of irritation or discoloration of soft-type eye lenses;
• Disorders of CVS: comatose state or sinus bradycardia in severe condition;

Immune lesions: signs of allergies - for example, urticaria, anaphylaxis or hyperemia, eyelid edema, severe itching, and in addition to this, contact-related allergies and Quincke edema.

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Overdose

If the medication is applied in excessively large portions or for too long, common negative symptoms may occur. Systemic toxic effect, in particular, leads to disruption of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system.

Among the manifestations of intoxication are: sedation, a sense of euphoria, severe confusion, severe irritability or disorientation, as well as visual, auditory or speech disorder, muscular twitching, hypotension, paresthesia, and respiratory disorders. In addition, it can develop insufficiency of the cardiovascular system, severe irritability, nausea, insomnia, vomiting, shock or coma, convulsions, loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest.

To eliminate the disorder, one should immediately rinse the eyes with plain water or 0.9% NaCl, and in addition, carry out symptomatic procedures.

Interactions with other drugs

There is no information on the development of any negative or positive reactions in connection with the combined administration of oxybuprocaine into the conjunctiva with other eye drops most often used. In theory, a drug can weaken the antibacterial properties of sulfonamides.

Enokain potentiates the effectiveness of sympathomimetics with succinylcholine, and with it β-blockers.

Not compatible with fluorescent solutions (due to the appearance of a precipitate), mercury salts, silver nitrate and alkali solutions.

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Storage conditions

Inocain needs to be kept in a place closed to small children. It is forbidden to freeze drops. Temperature indicators - a maximum of 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Inocain is allowed to be used within a 2-year period from the time a pharmaceutical substance is released. The opened bottle has a 1-month shelf life.

Application for children

The drug cannot be prescribed in pediatrics, because there is no information about its medical safety and effectiveness in this group.

Analogs

Analogues of the drug are means Dikain and lidocaine with tetrakainom.

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Reviews

Enokain receives pretty good feedback from people on the forums. Such positive properties as simplicity and ease of use, speed of exposure, high-quality anesthetic effect, the possibility of buying without a medical prescription and low cost are noted.

The disadvantages include the appearance of a weak burning sensation in the eyes after performing instillation, the short duration of the analgesic effect and the impossibility of prolonged use of the medicine.