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Hypertrophy of the cervix
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Hypertrophy of the cervix is a significant increase in the volume of the cervix provoked by the process of omission and loss of the uterus itself. Often, the size of hypertrophy and the length of the cervix can reach gigantic proportions.
Sometimes, when diagnosing cervical hypertrophy, it turns out that the uterus is not lowered, when the cervix is so hypertrophied that it can protrude over the outer labia. Such hypertrophy of the cervix is treated by surgical removal of the protruding part of the cervix.
Often, a patient suffering from hypertrophy of the cervix complains of an unpleasant sensation similar to the sagging of the internal genital organs, pulling the pain, sometimes lowering into the lower abdomen. Characteristically, with small hypertrophy, only the anterior part of the vagina can be lengthened, which in this case will protrude and cover the posterior lip due to an increase in size.
Most often, cervical hypertrophy and uterine prolapse have more serious causes, which, as a rule, require much more extensive and serious treatment or surgical intervention.
Causes of cervical hypertrophy
Causes of hypertrophy of the cervix can be represented by a number of negative factors, they can be a low placement of internal genital organs, and frequent inflammation of the endocervix. One of the reasons may be a fibroids located in or near the neck. Nabotovy cysts and genetic predisposition are the cause of cervical hypertrophy.
Hypertrophy of the cervix can be triggered by a chronic inflammation that occurs only in the cervix. But, often the inflammatory process in the cervix is characterized by inflammation occurring in the uterus itself. The inflammation in the neck itself can look like follicular hypertrophy of the cervix. The glandular tissue in the passages of the inflamed cervical canal grows into the tissue, which leads to clogging of these passages and turning them into retention vesicles filled with mucus, inflamed and proliferating tissues are covered with small glandular follicles growing into tiny cysts called patella testicles.
Hypertrophy of the cervix, can be one of the rare causes of infertility. This pathology is characterized by the presence of an increase in the size of the cervix, which develops due to hyperplasia-which means an increase in the quantitative composition of cells, whereas cells remain normal and hypertrophy-which means an increase in the volume of cells.
Symptoms of cervical hypertrophy
Symptoms of cervical hypertrophy for a long time are not clinically apparent, and the patients often do not even notice the visible symptoms. This disease is diagnosed with the help of a very painstaking and careful visual assessment of the location of the genital organs, helping to notice the fallen neck or the resounding dimensions.
One of the most important aspects during examination with cervical hypertrophy is the determination of the degree of cervical ovulation. The degree of omission by a specialist visually is checked, and by the targeted strain of the vaginal muscles examined by the patient. The omission of the cervix is divided into three degrees:
- The first stage: the external pharynx is several centimeters above the outer lips.
- The second stage: the external pharynx is at the level of the outer lips.
- The third stage: the external pharynx extends beyond the outer lips.
To find out the stage of cervical omission is very important for choosing further treatment for the patient. In connection with the fact that, for example, during the first stage there is an opportunity to get rid of this disease with the help of special gymnastics, as the third stage requires surgical intervention.
In the case of prolonged chronic course of this ailment, the patients usually have the following symptoms: unpleasant sensations in the inguinal zone, a sensation of genitalia, pain unpleasant sensations during intercourse, infertility, aching pain in the lower abdomen.
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Glandular muscle hypertrophy of the cervix
The glandular muscular hypertrophy of the cervix is usually manifested by the eversion of the mucous membrane of the cervix most often in women giving birth due to neck ruptures.
During childbirth, microcracks and ruptures of the mucous neck and cervix occur. That is why the cervix appears with a pharynx, into which the twisted epithelium of cervix enters. The mucous membrane of the neck has an alkaline medium, because of the eversion it falls into the unfavorable acidic environment of the vagina. In connection with this, the epithelium of the cervix undergoes all sorts of metamorphoses, which lead to the glandular muscular hypertrophy of the cervix.
The glandular muscle hypertrophy of the cervix is accompanied by deformity, increase in size, tissue tightening, and mucosal edema. Mucous membrane with hypertrophy compacted and to the touch can be slightly rough, covered with papillary overgrowths and defects of the epithelium. Discharges can have a variety of consistency and composition, for example, from simple mucus, to mucus with the addition of purulent discharge, and even mucosal discharge can occur with the presence of blood in them.
Cystic hypertrophy of the cervix
Cystic hypertrophy of the cervix is a frequent and widespread disease of women. Often, this ailment is not dangerous for a woman's health, but only if the disease is localized and not transferred to other tissues and organs. This type of hypertrophy of the cervix does not have any obvious symptoms.
Determine the presence of cystic hypertrophy can specialist gynecologist. For the diagnosis, a tissue puncture is taken, which is sent for a laboratory cytological study. This study will help to find out not only the presence of infection of the genitals, but also the nature of the cystic formations. Based on the analysis, the doctor will be able to prescribe the most effective treatment regimen for this disease.
For a more thorough examination of the patient and confirmation or denial of the presence of cystic hypertrophy in her, a colposcopy can be performed by a specialist.
The cause of cystic hypertrophy is considered to be a violation of the prostate glands. As a rule, as a result of the disruption of the operation of these glands, the flow of the glandular glands with scaly epithelium occurs, which prevents the outflow of the secretion of the glands, which in turn leads to the complete filling of the glands with a secret and the appearance of a multitude of small cysts called "pseudo-cysts." This is a benign new growth that can form as a single cyst, and sometimes it can be multiple cysts. The cause of cystic hypertrophy is considered to be hormonal disorders or chronic inflammatory processes.
Glandular cystic hypertrophy of the cervix
Glandular cystic hypertrophy of the cervix is the formation of cystic enlarged glands with a flat epithelium, a dense stroma and edema. Polyposis of the cervix shell, is one of the most common cervical diseases.
The glandular cysts appear in the outer part of the cervical pharynx, the polyps have a leg with the help that they can reach the outer part of the cervix and can even protrude beyond it. Sometimes the structure of the polyp does not mean a leg, but a wide seal in the base of the polyp. According to their origin, polyps can have a glandular or fibrous consistency, can be hard or supple from the top, can be light even a little whitish, and during inflammation they can be red or even crimson.
The glandular cysts are divided into glandular-fibrous or adenomatous. This classification comes from the predominance in the cysts of glands or tissue.
Adenomatous cysts have a large number of glands, which are very closely adjacent to each other. It is assumed that the occurrence of these polyposis cysts is like due to changes in the glands responsible for reproduction, which occurred due to neck injuries.
Follicular hypertrophy of the cervix
Follicular hypertrophy of the cervix is the swelling of the cervix due to the inflammatory process. During inflammation due to swelling of the tissues, there is a blockage of gland ducts, which causes follicular hypertrophy. Blockage of gland ducts leads to the appearance of retention vesicles filled with mucus, which under the growth of stromal tissues sink deep into the cervix, where they are converted into piecemeal cysts, making the cervical walls more dense.
Follicular hypertrophy of the cervix can begin to develop during erosion, when through the affected areas of the mucous membrane the cysts can penetrate deep enough into the neck tissue, which, as a rule, leads to a thickening of the walls of the cervix and an increase in its size. Sedavlivaya and mechanically experienced layers of tissues of the cervix umbilical cord cysts disrupt nutrition and normal functioning of the cervical tissue, which entails stagnant processes in this organ.
With follicular hypertrophy of the cervix or with a prolonged course of chronic endocervicitis, because of the proliferation of glandular cells, the amount of mucus increases. After endocervicitis begins to heal and overgrowth with a flat epithelium. The flat epithelium is located on the entire surface of the vaginal part of the cervix and clogs the ducts of the glands, the glands accumulate mucus and are clogged, and then degenerate into pseudostem cysts. A large number of such cysts provokes follicular hypertrophy of the cervix. These follicles, filled with a purulent secret, disrupt the circulation and blood flow to the cervix, which gradually leads to hyperemia and as a result the vaginal part of the cervix in this case acquires a cyanotic color.
Diagnosis of cervical hypertrophy
Diagnosis of cervical hypertrophy is carried out after the announcement of the preliminary diagnosis, which is usually established in the result of examination of the genitals by mirrors and by palpation. Additionally, in the diagnosis of cervical hypertrophy, such research methods as ultrasound and radiographic using radiopaque substances are used. A colposcopy and cytological laboratory examination of tissue is also a very effective method of investigation in the diagnosis of hypertrophy.
These diagnostic methods make it possible to determine not only the exact size of the cervix, but also help determine its location in relation to other nearby pelvic organs.
When diagnosing hypertrophy of the cervix, it is necessary to differentiate the diagnosis from cervical pregnancy. This is one of the cases of ectopic pregnancy, in which the fetus descends into the cervix, from which it swells and grows in size. But, a distinctive feature of cervical pregnancy, is the barrel-like expansion of the cervix, and its color balances between shades of blue.
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Treatment of cervical hypertrophy
Treatment of cervical hypertrophy is based on the nature of the background disease, which provoked hypertrophy. Methods of treatment are mainly divided into conservative treatment methods, surgical intervention or minimally invasive, such as diathermocoagulation or cryodestruction, etc. Most often before the application of any of the methods of treatment of hypertrophy, diagnose using colposcopy. Specialist gynecologist prescribes conservative methods of treatment in cases when cervical hypertrophy is caused by inflammatory processes of the cervical canal or uterine myoma.
In cases of omission of genital organs of the first degree, a special therapeutic exercise, capable of strengthening the muscles of the small pelvis, can be useful. Contraindicated lifting heavier than 5 kg. To eliminate inflammatory processes in the cervix, antibacterial therapy and intensive immunostimulation are recommended. In the treatment of uterine fibroids are used hormonal drugs.
The surgical method of eliminating cervical hypertrophy is a plastic correction. With the help of plastic correction, the size and volume of the organ decreases, and the possibility of restoring the reproductive function and the resumption of sexual activity. In the lungs of non-neglected cases, such methods of treatment as diathermocoagulation of the block cysts, removal of excess tissue by electric current and cauterization by cryodestruction can be used to combat cervical hypertrophy. In more complex cases, a plastic surgery can be used to restore the anatomical ratio of the genital organs, amputation of the cervix or removal of the uterus and cervix, if the patient does not plan to become pregnant and give birth.
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Prevention of cervical hypertrophy
Prevention of cervical hypertrophy includes the prevention of risk factors for the development of precancerous diseases, which can be considered hypertrophy of the cervix. One of the most important ways to prevent hypertrophy is the exclusion of sexual relations in adolescents and very young.
The maximum limitation of the number of sexual partners, helps to avoid the risk of contracting the human papilloma virus, often this virus lives in the human body asymptomatically and is easily transmitted by contact through the skin. This infection can exist in the human body for many years without giving symptoms.
Prevention of cervical hypertrophy involves the detection of pre-cholerae. To identify such conditions, it is necessary to undergo a survey at a gynecologist at least once every six months, to take blood tests and smears from the cervix for testing. Such examinations will be useful not only for the prevention of cervical hypertrophy, but also as prevention and as much as possible earlier detection of more serious diseases of the female reproductive system.
Prognosis of cervical hypertrophy
If the disease is not treated in time, the prognosis of cervical hypertrophy may be negative. The neglected form of cervical hypertrophy can lead to infertility, which will be mechanical in nature - spermatozoa will be virtually impossible to get into the enlarged and swollen cervix and then into the uterus and fallopian tube where the sperm must meet and fertilize the egg.
Against the background of pathology, there is also a disruption of the biochemical state of the epithelium of the cervical canal, which can lead to a hormonal mechanism of infertility. In this case, if pathological processes become chronic, the onset of pregnancy becomes impossible.
Hypertrophy of the cervix helps increase the volume of cervix, which is manifested in turn by the following negative consequences, such as bleeding against the background of uterine fibroids, the emergence of the myomatous node, the appearance of leukoplakia and other pathologies up to precancerous conditions. All these negative processes entail exacerbations of various kinds of inflammation and cicatricial changes in tissues and mucous membranes. Also spontaneous ruptures of the pancreas cysts may occur and, on this background, development of dystrophic processes.