Hyoxizone

Gioxizone is a combination drug that includes two active ingredients: hydrocortisone acetate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. This drug is a topical agent widely used to treat skin infections and inflammatory skin diseases.

Composition and action of components:

1. Hydrocortisone acetate is a corticosteroid that helps reduce inflammation, itching, and redness of the skin. It works by suppressing the immune response and the release of inflammatory mediators in the affected area.
2. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline antibiotic that has a broad spectrum of activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It works by preventing protein synthesis in bacterial cells, which leads to their death.

Indications Hyoxizone

1. Inflammatory skin diseases: Allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema and other types of inflammatory skin diseases accompanied by itching, redness, swelling and other symptoms.
2. Skin infections: Superficial bacterial skin infections such as boils, pyoderma and other infections where there is a risk of developing a secondary infection or if an infection is already present.
3. Various skin processes: Pustular skin diseases, acne, wounds, abrasions and other skin lesions requiring antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment.

Release form

Gioxizone is usually available as an ointment for external use.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Hydrocortisone acetate:

   • Glucocorticosteroid: Hydrocortisone is a synthetic analogue of cortisol, which is a natural glucocorticosteroid. Glucocorticosteroids have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and immunosuppressive effects.
   • Anti-inflammatory action: Hydrocortisone reduces inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and activation of inflammatory cells.
   • Antiallergic action: Prevents the development of allergic reactions by suppressing the release of histamine and other allergy mediators.
   • Antiexudative action: Reduces the penetration of fluid and proteins into tissues during inflammation.

2. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride:

   • Antibacterial action: Oxytetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the tetracycline group. It suppresses bacterial protein synthesis, which leads to inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction.
   • Anti-inflammatory action: In addition to its antibacterial action, oxytetracycline also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the activity of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory mediators.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Hydrocortisone acetate: This glucocorticosteroid can be absorbed through the skin at the site of application. It is usually metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys. The half-life of hydrocortisone acetate may vary depending on the form of the drug and the route of administration.
2. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride: It is an antibiotic from the tetracycline group. After administration, it is usually well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The product is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly in the urine.

Dosing and administration

1. Directions for use:

   • The ointment is applied to the affected areas of the skin in a thin layer.
   • Before application, the skin should be cleaned and dried.
   • Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.

2. Dosage:

   • Usually, Gioxizone ointment is applied 2-3 times a day.
   • The amount of ointment to apply may vary depending on the size of the affected area of skin. Usually, a small amount of ointment is enough to cover the area with a thin layer.

3. Duration of treatment:

   • The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the nature and severity of the disease.
   • It is important to complete the course of treatment, even if symptoms improve sooner.

Use Hyoxizone during pregnancy

The use of Gioxizone, which contains hydrocortisone acetate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride, during pregnancy requires special caution and medical supervision. Here are details about each of the components:

1. Hydrocortisone acetate is a corticosteroid that may have systemic effects when used on large areas of skin, under occlusive dressings, or on broken skin. Corticosteroids that penetrate the skin may potentially affect fetal development. During pregnancy, corticosteroid use is recommended only when the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
2. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is an antibiotic from the tetracycline group, which may adversely affect the development of teeth and bones in the fetus. Tetracyclines can cause tooth staining and delayed bone growth in the fetus, so their use during pregnancy is generally contraindicated.

Recommendations for the use of Gioxizone during pregnancy:

• Discussion with your doctor: Always consult your doctor before using any medication during pregnancy. Your doctor will be able to assess the possible risks and benefits of using Gyoxizone in your particular case.
• Restricted Use: If use of Gyoxizone is necessary, use should be limited to small amounts and short courses of treatment to minimize potential risk to the developing baby.
• Avoid large areas of skin and damaged areas: Application to large areas of skin or to areas with damaged integrity may increase the absorption of active substances and, therefore, their systemic effect.
• Avoid long-term use: Long-term use of corticosteroids may lead to additional risks, including systemic side effects.

Contraindications

1. Individual intolerance: People with known individual intolerance to hydrocortisone acetate, oxytetracycline hydrochloride or any other components of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Food allergy to tetracyclines: Oxytetracycline contained in the drug belongs to the tetracycline group. People with allergies to tetracyclines should avoid using this drug.
3. Viral skin infections: Gyoxizone is not suitable for the treatment of viral skin infections such as herpes or chickenpox.
4. Open wounds: The drug may be contraindicated for use on large open wounds due to the risk of systemic exposure to oxytetracycline.
5. Oral administration: The drug is not intended for oral administration. It is intended for external use on the skin only.
6. Children and pregnant women: The use of Gyoxizone in children and pregnant women requires special attention and may require a doctor's prescription.

Side effects Hyoxizone

1. Skin reactions: Irritation, redness, burning or itching at the site of application of the ointment are possible.
2. Allergic reactions: Rarely, allergic reactions such as rash, hives or angioedema may occur.
3. Cross-sensitivity: In case of sensitivity to other tetracyclines, cross-sensitivity reactions may develop.
4. Risk of infections: Long-term use of topical glucocorticosteroids may increase the risk of developing skin infections or be accompanied by the development of fungal infections.
5. Rare: Systemic side effects such as adrenal suppression may occur with prolonged and/or intensive use.

Overdose

1. Hydrocortisone acetate:

   • When the recommended dose of glucocorticosteroids such as hydrocortisone is exceeded, systemic adverse effects such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, hypokalemia, adrenal dysfunction, fluid and sodium retention, and gastrointestinal disturbances may occur.
   • Long-term and excessive use of glucocorticosteroids can also lead to the development of systemic side effects, including Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, muscle and skin atrophy, decreased immunity and other disorders.

2. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride:

   • Overdose of oxytetracycline may cause increased antibiotic side effects such as dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, anorexia, dysuria and angioedema.
   • Allergic reactions may also develop, including skin rashes, itching, angioedema, anaplaxia and other allergic manifestations.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Interaction of hydrocortisone acetate with other glucocorticosteroids: The risk of side effects such as osteoporosis and decreased adrenal function may increase.
2. Interaction of oxytetracycline hydrochloride with antiacids, iron, calcium: Oxytetracycline can form inactive complexes with these substances, which reduces its absorption.
3. Interaction with antibiotics: Interaction of oxytetracycline with other antibiotics can increase or decrease their effectiveness.
4. Interaction with anticoagulants: Hydrocortisone may increase the risk of bleeding when taken concomitantly with anticoagulants.
5. Interaction with antidepressants: Increased side effects of both drugs may occur.