Hemiton

Hemiton is a drug with hypotensive effect.

[1], [2], [3]

Indications of the hemiton

It is used for the treatment of various types of hypertensive pathology, among which also the prevention of hypertensive crisis (except for the development of this disease in pheochromocytoma).

Eliminates also the symptoms of abstinence, which occurs as a result of a sudden stop of the use of narcotic substances (opium).

In ophthalmology - when eliminating the primary form of open-angle glaucoma.

[4]

Release form

The release is made in tablets with a volume of 0.075 mg. Inside the blister plate are 10 tablets. In a pack - 1 such a plate.

Pharmacodynamics

Clonidine is an antihypertensive substance that acts on the body through neurohumoral stabilization of the vascular tone. When passing through the BBB, this element selectively stimulates the activity of α2-adrenoreceptors of nuclei located inside the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata. This allows to slow down the sympathetic impulses given by the CNS, contributing to a decrease in the level of blood pressure and vasodilation. Along with a decrease in sympathetic activity, the catecholamines (especially norepinephrine) decrease in urine and blood plasma.

The use of clonidine contributes to a decrease in heart rate, and in addition to this diastolic value along with systolic blood pressure. Continuous use of drugs can reduce myocardial hypertrophy and improve left ventricular function.

The medication has an anesthetic and sedative effect. Its central effect allows to eliminate somatovegetative symptoms of withdrawal caused by alcohol or opiates.

Hemiton reduces IOP by reducing secretion and improving the outflow of watery eye fluid.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Pharmacokinetics

After consuming the pill, the medicine is absorbed completely and quickly inside the digestive tract. The bioavailability index is close to 100%. Peak plasma values are noted after a lapse of 1-2 hours. Antihypertensive effect appears after the 0.5-1 hour after application and lasts for 8-12 hours.

Approximately 50% of the active element of the drug is exposed to hepatic metabolism, during which inactive compounds are formed.

Excretion occurs with urine (40-60% of the substance), as well as with feces (10% of the dose). The half-life varies in a wide range and averages 12 hours.

The delay in the excretion of clonidine is noted in people with renal insufficiency of a pronounced character.

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19],

Dosing and administration

The sizes of portions are selected by the treating doctor individually - at first small dosages are used, which then gradually increase.

To eliminate the mild and moderate stages of hypertension, it is required to prescribe 0.5 tablets of medicines with a two-time intake per day. If there is a need, a single and daily portion is allowed to gradually increase with the permission of the doctor. Average daily portions - 1-2 tablets with a double application.

If higher portions are required, it is recommended to use 0.3 gm gemitone tablets. Single portions of the drug, exceeding a dose of 0.3 mg, are prescribed in exceptional situations; they are recommended to be used only in a hospital.

Therapy of symptoms of withdrawal symptoms developing after the abolition of the use of narcotic drugs should be carried out exclusively in a hospital with daily monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure values. The medication is prescribed in a dose of 0.3-0.8 mg / day, which are distributed over 4-6 uses per day.

[28], [29], [30]

Use of the hemiton during pregnancy

Although there is currently no data on the presence of embryotoxic properties in clonidine, it is forbidden to prescribe a drug on the 1st trimester, and in addition, with late toxicoses of a hypertensive nature (these are complications that develop in the second half of the pregnancy period, in which there is an increase in blood pressure, the appearance of swelling and protein secretion along with urine).

Hemiton is prohibited from use in lactation.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• the presence of intolerance with respect to clonidine or other elements of the drug;
• violations of the cardiac function of excitability (in the sinus node), which cause problems with the rate of heartbeat (expressed degree of bradycardia of sinus character, AV blockade of 2nd and 3rd degree);
• severe disorders of peripheral blood flow.

The doctor must decide on the use of drugs, taking into account the benefits of therapy and the degree of possible risk, with the following violations:

• acute form of myocardial infarction;
• state of depression;
• problems with the blood flow inside the cerebrospinal vessels (due to arteriosclerosis);
• IHD.

[20], [21], [22], [23], [24],

Side effects of the hemiton

Usually taking drugs causes dryness of nasal and oral mucous membranes, development of a feeling of fatigue and sedation. Often, as the therapy continues, these symptoms go away.

Due to the delay of sodium with water inside the body of the patient, weight may increase, and diarrhea or diarrhea sometimes occurs.

People who wear contact lenses need to remember that sometimes the use of medication leads to a decrease in tearing.

Occasionally, depending on the size of the portion of the medicine, orthostatic side effects may appear-states of stupor, a tendency to develop collapse, and dizziness. Because of this, people who have taken drugs must very slowly change their position from horizontal to vertical, and in hot temperatures refuse to perform heavy physical manipulation, as well as from a long stay in standing position.

Taking into account the size of the dosage of the medication, the heart rate is slowed down or the heart rate is slowed. If before the therapy there were violations in the work of cardiac conduction and excitability, the use of the drug in high doses can cause potentiation of cardiac arrhythmia (AV blockade).

Occasionally, at the initial stage of therapy, a paradoxical increase in blood pressure values develops.

Also, occasionally there may be problems with sleep (sometimes nightmares are dreamed), a state of depression, a tendency to develop constipation or intestinal atony, and in addition a perception disorder and transient states of confusion or visual disturbances (eye disorder).

In addition, it is possible to develop symptoms of hypersensitivity (allergy) and pain in the area of the parotid salivary glands. If the patient has such a tendency, there may be disorders of sensitization, paresthesia and a feeling of cold in the limbs, and in addition the development of gynecomastia in men.

In the case of a sharp discontinuation of drug use, there is a withdrawal syndrome - the index of AD increases, headaches, nausea, a feeling of nervousness and trembling.

[25], [26], [27]

Overdose

In intoxication, the patient develops hypothermia, apnea, suppression of the respiratory process, a feeling of drowsiness, orthostatic symptoms, and symptomatic hypotension, periodic vomiting, bradycardia and xerostomia.

Often, when these violations occur, it is sufficient to carry out symptomatic procedures. Tolazolin can be used as a special antidote of the drug. Intravenous injection of 10 mg of tolazoline or oral administration of 50 mg of the substance neutralizes the effect of clonidine in a dose of 0.6 mg.

Interactions with other drugs

Diuretics, vasodilators, and in addition, a diet in which the use of table salt is limited, potentiates the properties of Hemiton relative to lowering blood pressure. Along with this, the effect of the drug may be potentiated when it is combined with antihistamines.

Combined use with β-adrenoblockers or SG can lead to inhibition of the rhythm of the heartbeat, and in addition, it causes a disorder of the heart rhythm (the development of the AV blockade).

If it is necessary to cancel the simultaneous application of the Hamiton and β-blocker to avoid the development of negative symptoms of increased sympathetic innervation, the gradual cessation of the use of the β-blocker is first of all carried out, and then, gradually, the sizes of the dosages of Gemiton are reduced (larger portions need to be reduced for several days).

Reduction of hypotensive properties of the drug is observed when it is combined with tricyclics.

Tolazolin is able to completely remove the effect of the drug, and therefore it is used as an antidote for poisoning with a high dosage of drugs or intoxication with an antihypertensive drug.

Hemiton is able to enhance the effect of drugs that have a depressing effect on the central nervous system - hypnotics and sedatives, and in addition to antihistamines and alcoholic beverages.

[31], [32]

Storage conditions

The hemiton is required to be kept in a place that is closed from the infiltration of young children. The temperature conditions are up to 25 ° C.

[33], [34]

Shelf life

Hemiton is allowed to be used for 5 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.

[35]

Analogues

Analogues of the medication are such medications as Moksogama with Physiotense, Clofelin with Tenacum, and in addition Moxonides with Estulik.

[36], [37], [38], [39], [40],