Endometrioid ovarian cyst

Endometrioid ovarian cyst is a pathology that is a neoplasm on the surface of the ovary. This is the accumulated menstrual blood in the envelope formed by the cells of the endometrium.

The endometrioid cyst of the ovary can manifest itself in different ways. As a rule, it causes severe pain in the lower abdomen, causes abnormal and profuse menstruation, but most often causes infertility. Diagnose by several effective methods. Treatment is carried out by medical therapy and surgical intervention.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Causes of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

The causes of the endometrioid cyst of the ovary are diverse, so it is accurate to say that it provoked its development very difficult. It can occur because of retrograde menstruation, which is the migration of endometrial cells in the ovary tissue and the fallopian tubes. The disease can occur due to a gynecological operation, which caused trauma and damage to the mucous membrane of the uterus.

Another reason for the appearance of a neoplasm is genetic defects and a weakened immune system. In some women, the tumor appears due to endocrine disruptions in the body. Failures include: thyroid disease, increased prolactin level, decreased progesterone level, hyperestrogenism, adrenal cortex dysfunction. Also, the reasons for the appearance of the tumor include obesity, the use of intrauterine spirals for a long period of time, emotional distress and stress.

[6], [7]

Pathogenesis

The endometrioid ovarian cyst has a special development mechanism, which is very often bilateral. Most often, the tumor appears in women who are between the ages of 20-50. Cystic education is accompanied by such diseases as uterine fibroids or endometrial hyperplasia. The size can reach 15 cm. When conducting a histological analysis, you can find out that the main sign of ovarian disease is the absence of glands in the walls of the tumor.

[8], [9], [10], [11]

Symptoms of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

Symptoms of the endometrioid ovarian cyst may depend on the concomitant diseases that a woman has, and also on the general psychological state. Often, the tumor is asymptomatic and manifests only when a woman can not become pregnant, and she is diagnosed with infertility. In some cases, the development of the cyst causes a lot of painful sensations. A woman feels strong pains in the lower abdomen, pain during intercourse and during menstruation.

The main symptoms of the tumor are long and painful periods, the presence of smearing excretions before and after menstruation. Some patients experience symptoms such as weakness, fever, and nausea. Symptomatology largely depends on the stage of the disease and the age of the patient. So, if the cystic formation breaks and the contents of the tumor gets into the abdominal cavity, the woman immediately rises the temperature and blood pressure, the stomach pierces severe acute pains. In this case the patient needs immediate hospitalization and surgical intervention.

[12], [13]

Endometrioid ovarian cyst and IVF

Endometrioid ovarian cyst and IVF is a question that interests many women who want to experience the delights of motherhood. Before the eco, gynecologists recommend to treat the endometrioid cyst, as it has a negative effect on the process of conception and bearing of the baby.

In some cases, the endometrioid cyst is found after the eco and after the woman has become pregnant. In this case, the tumor is examined using modern diagnostic methods - ultrasound. If the cyst is not large and does not exert pressure on the internal organs, then during pregnancy it is not affected. But during the entire pregnancy a woman is under the supervision of a gynecologist.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18],

Endometrioid cyst of the right ovary

The endometrioid cyst of the right ovary manifests itself in the form of gynecological abnormalities. Deviations are due to irregular menstruation, pain in the lower abdomen, usually from the right ovary. Also, the presence of a right ovarian cyst may indicate abnormalities in the work of the intestine, bladder or disease of these organs, unsuccessful attempts to become pregnant.

The endometrioid cyst does not always make itself felt, so some women may not even suspect that they have it. But with the onset of menopause, attempts to get pregnant and hormonal changes in the body, the tumor manifests itself. Precisely diagnose the endometrioid cyst of the right ovary will help ultrasound or diagnosis by an intravaginal sensor.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23]

Endometrioid cyst of the left ovary

The endometrioid cyst of the left ovary is a gynecological disease that requires treatment. The size of the tumor can be from 0.5 to 13 centimeters. The cyst has a firm capsule, the thickness of which is 0.3-2 centimeters. On the surface of the tumor there may be adhesions, and inside the cystic cavity is the blood content, which consists of the blood left by the uterus during menstruation.

The causes of the appearance of the endometrioid ovarian cyst are not fully understood. There are several theories that explain the appearance of the tumor. This is the removal of cells into the fallopian tubes during menstruation, the entry of cells into the ovary cavity with the outflow of lymph, various disorders of the hormonal background and the immune system. The main symptoms of the endometrial cyst of the left ovary are acute pains in the lower abdomen at the level of the ovary, abundant monthly, elevated temperature. When these symptoms appear, you need to turn to a gynecologist for research and diagnosis of a possible disease.

[24], [25]

Endometrioid cysts of both ovaries

Endometrioid cysts of both ovaries are also found frequently, as well as a tumor of one of the ovaries. Two cysts testify to hormonal problems in the female body. To diagnose each tumor, the gynecologist conducts a series of analyzes and studies. This is necessary in order to accurately determine the localization of the neoplasm on the ovary and its size.

Treatment of endometrioid cysts can be conservative, that is, taking hormonal drugs, analgesics and immunomodulators. You can treat and surgical intervention, which involves organ-preserving removal of the tumor or laparoscopic method. But most often use combined treatment, which suggests that after a surgical operation, the patient will undergo a course of taking hormonal drugs. Treatment is selected according to the symptoms, the duration of the disease and other individual characteristics of the patient.

[26], [27]

Effect on pregnancy

The endometrioid ovarian cyst and pregnancy are a problem for many women. Such a diagnosis nullifies the possibility of becoming pregnant. In some cases, infertility is the only symptom of a tumor. If the cyst is detected during pregnancy, but it is not large and does not affect neighboring organs, it is observed throughout the pregnancy. But women with an endometrioid cyst have a high risk of miscarriage. That is why, pregnant women with new education should be under the supervision of a doctor.

In medical practice, cases are recorded where during pregnancy, under the influence of hormonal changes in the body, the tumor dissipated, but it happened the other way round, when hormones provoked the growth of the cyst and its rupture, which led to miscarriage and termination of pregnancy. But most often the cystic formation is removed even at the time of pregnancy planning, so that it does not affect the process of carrying out the child and childbirth.

[28]

Stages

The cyst has 4 stages of development, on which the symptoms of the disease, the patient's well-being and, of course, the treatment depend. Let's look at the stages of development.

• Stage 1 - at this stage the patient does not have cystic neoplasms, and the future tumor looks like small formations of the endometrium on the ovary and in the abdominal cavity.
• 2 stage - the tumor gradually develops and has sizes from 3-6 centimeters.
• 3 stage - the cyst appears on both ovaries (can be of different sizes). The disease has a pronounced adhesive process in the region of the uterine appendages and partially involved intestines.
• Stage 4 - neoplasm are transformed into bilateral and have larger sizes, more than 7 centimeters. The tumor passes to the neighboring organs - the sigmoid and rectum, the bladder.

[29], [30], [31], [32]

Complications and consequences

The effects of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can be fatal. A lethal outcome of a woman is possible in cases of tumor rupture. If there was a rupture of the tumor and the woman did not receive proper medical care, then she will be infected with blood, sepsis and death. Such consequences can result from refusal of treatment and removal of endometrioid ovarian cyst of large size.

The tumor becomes the cause of infertility, and in pregnancy - the threat of miscarriage. In addition, the tumor can be transformed into a cancerous disease or lead to infection and subsequent removal of the uterus and uterine appendages.

Rupture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

A rupture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can happen in every woman, but most often it occurs when a large tumor develops with a copious amount of contents inside. But the rupture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can be provoked by other causes, such as: active sexual intercourse, trauma, bruises, excessive physical stress, hormonal imbalance in the female body and a number of other pathologies.

The main symptoms of rupture of the endometrioid cyst of the ovary are fever, persistent acute pain in the lower abdomen, vaginal discharge of unusual consistency, uterine bleeding, loss of consciousness, stool disorders (difficult process of defecation and escape of gases), a sharp decrease in pressure. With such symptoms, the woman should be immediately taken to the hospital for surgical treatment. The gynecologist selects the most effective method of treatment and eliminates the formed bleeding.

[33], [34]

Diagnostics of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

Diagnosis of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can be performed by several methods. First of all, this is an examination by a gynecologist, during which you can determine a small sedentary formation, which increases in size before the onset of menstruation. To make an accurate diagnosis, the diagnosis using laparoscopy, ultrasound and MRI

Laparoscopy is the most popular method of diagnosing an endometrioid cyst, which is performed under local anesthesia. Infertility and diagnosis of tumors using methods of gyroscopy and hyperosalpography.

Ultrasound signs

The endometrioid ovarian cyst on ultrasound is a modern and highly effective method of diagnosis. On ultrasound examination, the tumor looks the same, and does not depend on whether the diagnosis of the left or right ovary is carried out. So, on ultrasound the neoplasm looks like a thick capsule, which consists of two layers and is not displaced when the sensor moves.

The endometrioid ovarian cyst on the uzi resembles a yellow body tumor. Therefore, when conducting uzi, first of all, it is necessary to exclude diseases of the yellow body. Since the tumor of the yellow body has its own characteristics, it can not be said of the endometrioid cyst.

[35], [36], [37]

Puncture

Puncture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst is a plucking of tissue for analysis. Puncture is necessary for diagnosing cystic disease. The procedure should be performed under general anesthesia, since the procedure is very painful. In the vagina of the patient, a vaginal sensor is inserted, which has a conductor with a puncture needle. An aspirator is attached to the needle, which sucks the fluid out of the cystic formation.

The results of the puncture are sent to the laboratory. Puncture has a double effect, it sucks the fluid in the cystic formation and disinfects it, pouring a small amount of alcohol into the tumor. That is, due to puncture, it is possible to diagnose the endometrioid cyst and its treatment. In rare cases, after a puncture, the tumor again makes itself felt. During the operation the woman does not feel any discomfort, and the rehabilitation period lasts a couple of days.

Treatment of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

Treatment of the endometrioid cyst of the ovary passes after a complete diagnosis of the disease. Treatment of a tumor can be:

• Conservative - taking medications (hormones, painkillers, taking vitamins and immunomodulators).
• Surgical - removal of a cyst by a laparoscopic method or conducting a full-fledged operation.
• Combined - a combination of the first and second methods of treatment.

Treatment of the endometrioid cyst is aimed at eliminating the signs of the disease, conducting preventive methods that prevent the progression of the disease and its appearance in the future. A gynecologist must choose an effective method of treatment that ideally fits the symptomatology, duration and stage of development of the tumor, the age of the patient. If a woman undergoes surgery, then she will receive a course of physiotherapy that will correct the endocrine imbalance. Physiotherapy is aimed at eliminating disturbing painful symptoms and combating infertility.

Removal of the endometrioid ovarian cyst

The removal of the endometrioid ovarian cyst suggests surgical treatment of the tumor. Operational treatment is only the first stage of complex tumor treatment. But it is the removal of the tumor that determines the success of further treatment.

A modern method of removing the endometrioid cyst is laparoscopy. The advantage of this method is obvious. After surgery, the patient does not have postoperative scars. Traces from punctures quickly overgrow and do not leave any scars. When performing the removal, it is very important not to disturb the functioning of the blood vessels. Endometrioid cyst is very rare in isolation. Very often on uzi it is possible to see endometrioid foci of different sizes. The gynecologist independently decides whether surgical treatment of small tumors is necessary.

Laparoscopic removal

Laparoscopy of the endometrioid ovarian cyst is an efficient and effective method of treatment, which aims to remove the tumor. This type of surgery allows you to remove the tumor, but to preserve the integrity of the reproductive organs and increase the chances of pregnancy and its happy outcome.

Laparoscopy is performed through 3-4 incisions on the abdomen. At operation use the special equipment - an endoscope. In the incisions enter an endoscope and a needle with carbon dioxide, which fills the abdominal cavity to increase the space that is necessary for the operation. In the endoscope is a laser and scissors, with the help of which the surgeon removes the tumor. Postoperative period and rehabilitation do not take much time and are almost painless. But after laparoscopy the patient is prescribed complex pathogenetic therapy.

Endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy

The endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy very rarely makes itself known again. Since, modern surgical intervention reliably removes the tumor and small, concomitant endometrioid formations. Laparoscopy is a quick, painless and safe method of treatment. After such an operation, after 24 hours a woman can go home for a rehabilitation period.

To accelerate recovery, a woman is prescribed various vitamins, hormonal preparations and biological active supplements. All this allows us to restore the body from the endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy.

[38], [39], [40],

Operative treatment

Operation with the endometrioid ovarian cyst is necessary in the event that hormone therapy, that is, drug treatment has not produced the expected results. The tumor requires removal and in case of infertility diagnosis of a woman. The operation allows to restore the reproductive system and gives the chance to become pregnant.

Before the operation, a number of rules must be observed. For a couple of months before surgery, you need to give up hormonal therapy and cure possible foci of chronic infections. This is necessary in order to prepare the body for a successful operation to remove the endometrioid ovarian cyst. After the operation, a woman is waiting for hormonal therapy, which can last from one to three years and regular examination at a gynecologist, usually every three months.

Cost of operation

The cost of an endometrioid ovarian cyst depends on the complexity of the disease. That is, the price of the operation directly depends on the location of the tumor, its size, the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, the type of operation and a number of other nuances.

The exact cost of an endometrial ovarian cyst may be told by a gynecologist. But on average, the price starts from three thousand hryvnia and can reach twenty thousand. So, the method of laparoscopy will cost from 4-15 thousand hryvnia, and surgical intervention with dissection of the abdomen over the ovary - from 3 thousand hryvnia. The cost depends on the wishes of the woman. If in the future the patient plans to become pregnant and give birth to children, it is extremely important for her to preserve the integrity of the reproductive organs, not to leave scars on the body and quickly get in shape after the operation. In this case, laparoscopy is recommended.

[41], [42], [43], [44], [45]

Homeopathy treatment

All women are looking for a safe and effective treatment for the endometrioid ovarian cyst. Treatment with homeopathy refers to such methods. But the treatment is done individually, by a doctor, a homeopath who selects homeopathic remedies after a thorough study of the patient's medical history.

Treatment with homeopathy refers to methods of alternative medicine. During the treatment, heavily diluted drugs are used that can cope with the symptoms of the disease once and for all.

Application of Jeanine

When treating gynecological diseases, a woman is prescribed hormonal treatment. The need for surgical intervention depends on its effectiveness. Endometrioid cyst and zhane is an effective combination that allows you to cope with the disease and prevent surgical intervention.

Jeannine is a hormonal drug that shows high effectiveness in the fight against endometrioid formations. The composition of the drug includes dienogest. Jeannine contributes to the regression of foci, which provoked endometriosis. The drug has a high bioavailability. For treatment, it is sufficient to take small doses of the drug that will protect the body from side effects and overdose.

[46], [47], [48], [49]

Prevention

Prophylaxis of the endometrioid ovarian cyst suggests regular examination by a gynecologist and, if necessary, a control ultrasound. Also, during prevention, a woman undergoes a course of hormonal treatment with medicines and vitamins that strengthen the immune system.

When prophylaxis of the endometrioid ovarian cyst, special attention is paid to menstruation. If after the operation it goes malfunctioning and is painful, then it is an occasion to go to the gynecologist for a new treatment plan.

[50], [51], [52],

Forecast

The prognosis of the endometrioid ovarian cyst depends on the stage of the disease, the size of the tumor, the age of the patient, the presence of chronic diseases and other features. In addition, with the help of the forecast, you can learn about the chances of a woman to have children in the future.

As a rule, the prognosis of the endometrioid ovarian cyst is positive. It is much worse if the tumor bursts and causes a number of irreversible consequences. In this case, the chances of becoming pregnant are reduced, and the life of a woman is at high risk. Exact prediction can only be made by a gynecologist after examining the patient and conducting a diagnosis of the disease.

Endometrioid ovarian cyst is a gynecological disease that can occur in any woman of reproductive age. The tumor must be treated, as its presence can lead to infertility and a number of serious problems for women's health.

[53], [54]