Endometrioid cyst of the ovary

An endometrioid ovarian cyst is a pathology that is a neoplasm on the surface of the ovary. This is accumulated menstrual blood in a membrane formed by endometrial cells.

An endometrioid ovarian cyst can manifest itself in different ways. As a rule, it causes severe pain in the lower abdomen, causes abnormal and heavy menstruation, but most often causes infertility. It is diagnosed by several effective methods. Treatment is carried out with drug therapy and surgical intervention.

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Causes endometrioid ovarian cysts.

The causes of endometrioid ovarian cysts are varied, so it is very difficult to say exactly what provoked its development. It can occur due to retrograde menstruation, which is the migration of endometrial cells into the ovarian tissue and fallopian tubes. The disease can occur due to a gynecological operation that caused trauma and damage to the uterine mucosa.

Another reason for the appearance of a neoplasm is genetic defects and a weakened immune system. In some women, a tumor appears due to endocrine failures in the body. By failures we mean: thyroid disease, increased prolactin levels, decreased progesterone levels, hyperestrogenism, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex. Also, the reasons for the appearance of a tumor include obesity, the use of intrauterine devices for a long period of time, emotional experiences and stress.

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Pathogenesis

An endometrioid ovarian cyst has a special development mechanism, which is very often bilateral. Most often, the tumor appears in women who are 20-50 years old. Cystic formation is accompanied by such diseases as uterine fibroids or endometrial hyperplasia. The size can reach 15 cm. When conducting a histological analysis, it can be found out that the main sign of ovarian disease is the absence of glands in the walls of the tumor.

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Symptoms endometrioid ovarian cysts.

Symptoms of an endometrioid ovarian cyst may depend on the woman's concomitant diseases, as well as her general psychological state. Often, the tumor is asymptomatic and only manifests itself when a woman fails to get pregnant and is diagnosed with infertility. In some cases, the development of the cyst causes a lot of pain. The woman feels severe pain in the lower abdomen, pain during intercourse and during menstruation.

The main symptoms of the tumor are prolonged and painful periods, the presence of spotting before and after menstruation. Some patients experience symptoms such as weakness, high temperature and nausea. The symptoms largely depend on the stage of the disease and the age of the patient. So, if the cystic formation ruptures and the contents of the tumor enter the abdominal cavity, the woman's temperature and blood pressure immediately rise, and her abdomen is pierced by severe acute pain. In this case, the patient needs immediate hospitalization and surgery.

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Endometrioid ovarian cyst and IVF

Endometrioid ovarian cyst and IVF is a question that interests many women who want to experience the joys of motherhood. Before IVF, gynecologists recommend treating the endometrioid cyst, as it has a negative impact on the process of conception and bearing a child.

In some cases, an endometrioid cyst is detected after IVF and after the woman has become pregnant. In this case, the tumor is examined using modern diagnostic methods - ultrasound. If the cyst is not large and does not put pressure on the internal organs, then it is not touched during pregnancy. But during the entire pregnancy, the woman is under the supervision of a gynecologist.

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Endometrioid cyst of the right ovary

An endometrioid cyst of the right ovary manifests itself in the form of gynecological abnormalities. Abnormalities include irregular menstruation, pain in the lower abdomen, usually from the right ovary. Also, abnormalities in the functioning of the intestines, bladder or diseases of these organs, unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant may indicate the presence of a cyst of the right ovary.

An endometrioid cyst does not always make itself known, so some women may not even suspect that they have it. But with the onset of menopause, attempts to get pregnant and hormonal changes in the body, the tumor manifests itself. An ultrasound examination or diagnostics with an intravaginal sensor will help accurately diagnose an endometrioid cyst of the right ovary.

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Endometrioid cyst of the left ovary

An endometrioid cyst of the left ovary is a gynecological disease that requires treatment. The size of the tumor can be from 0.5 to 13 centimeters. The cyst has a strong capsule, the thickness of which is 0.3-2 centimeters. There may be adhesions on the surface of the tumor, and inside the cystic cavity there is blood content, which consists of blood residues secreted by the uterus during menstruation.

The causes of the appearance of an endometrioid ovarian cyst are not fully understood. There are several theories that explain the appearance of the neoplasm. This is the collection of cells into the fallopian tubes during menstruation, the entry of cells into the ovarian cavity with the outflow of lymph, various hormonal imbalances and the immune system. The main symptoms of an endometrioid cyst of the left ovary are acute pain in the lower abdomen at the level of the ovary, heavy periods, and fever. If such symptoms appear, you should consult a gynecologist for examination and diagnosis of a possible disease.

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Endometrioid cysts of both ovaries

Endometrioid cysts of both ovaries are as common as a tumor of one of the ovaries. Two cysts indicate hormonal problems in the female body. To diagnose each neoplasm, the gynecologist conducts a series of tests and studies. This is necessary to accurately determine the location of the neoplasm on the ovary and its size.

Treatment of endometrioid cysts can be conservative, that is, taking hormonal drugs, painkillers and immunomodulators. Treatment can also be done by surgical intervention, which involves organ-preserving removal of the tumor or a laparoscopic method. But most often, combined treatment is used, which assumes that after surgery, the patient will undergo a course of hormonal drugs. Treatment is selected according to the symptoms, duration of the disease and other individual characteristics of the patient.

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Impact on pregnancy

Endometrioid ovarian cyst and pregnancy is a problem for many women. Such a diagnosis reduces the possibility of becoming pregnant to zero. In some cases, infertility is the only symptom of the tumor. If the cyst is detected during pregnancy, but it is not large and does not affect neighboring organs, then it is observed throughout the pregnancy. But women with endometrioid cysts have a high risk of miscarriage. That is why pregnant women with a neoplasm should be under the supervision of a doctor.

In medical practice, there are cases when during pregnancy, under the influence of hormonal changes in the body, the tumor was absorbed, but it also happened the other way around, when hormones provoked the growth of the cyst and its rupture, which led to a miscarriage and termination of pregnancy. But most often, the cystic formation is removed at the time of pregnancy planning, so that it does not affect the process of bearing a child and childbirth.

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Stages

The cyst has 4 stages of development, which determine the symptoms of the disease, the patient's well-being and, of course, the treatment. Let's look at the stages of development.

• Stage 1 – at this stage the patient does not have cystic neoplasms, and the future tumor looks like small endometrial formations on the ovary and in the abdominal cavity.
• Stage 2 – the tumor gradually develops and measures 3-6 centimeters.
• Stage 3 – a cyst appears on both ovaries (can be of different sizes). The disease has a pronounced adhesion process in the area of the uterine appendages and partially involving the intestine.
• Stage 4 – the neoplasm transforms into bilateral and has large dimensions, more than 7 centimeters. The tumor spreads to neighboring organs – the sigmoid and rectum, bladder.

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Complications and consequences

The consequences of an endometrioid ovarian cyst can be fatal. A woman's death is possible in the case of a tumor rupture. If a tumor ruptures and the woman does not receive proper medical care, she will suffer from blood poisoning, sepsis, and death. Such consequences can result from refusing to treat and remove a large endometrioid ovarian cyst.

The tumor causes infertility, and during pregnancy – the threat of miscarriage. In addition, the tumor can transform into cancer or lead to infection and subsequent removal of the uterus and uterine appendages.

Rupture of endometrioid ovarian cyst

Rupture of an endometrioid ovarian cyst can happen to any woman, but most often it occurs when a large tumor develops with an abundant amount of content inside. But rupture of an endometrioid ovarian cyst can also be provoked by other reasons, such as: active sexual intercourse, injuries, bruises, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance in the female body and a number of other pathologies.

The main symptoms of a ruptured endometrioid ovarian cyst are fever, persistent acute pain in the lower abdomen, vaginal discharge of unusual consistency, uterine bleeding, loss of consciousness, bowel disturbances (difficulty in defecation and gas release), and a sharp drop in blood pressure. With such symptoms, the woman must be immediately taken to the hospital for surgical treatment. The gynecologist selects the most effective treatment method and eliminates the resulting bleeding.

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Diagnostics endometrioid ovarian cysts.

Diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cysts can be carried out using several methods. First of all, this is an examination by a gynecologist, during which it is possible to identify a small, slightly mobile formation that increases in size before the onset of menstruation. To establish an accurate diagnosis, diagnostics using laparoscopy, ultrasound and MRI are used.

Laparoscopy is the most popular method of diagnosing endometrioid cysts, which is performed under local anesthesia. In case of infertility and tumor diagnostics, hysteroscopy and hyperosalpingography methods are used.

Ultrasound signs

Endometrioid ovarian cyst on ultrasound is a modern and highly effective diagnostic method. On ultrasound, the tumor looks the same, and does not depend on whether the left or right ovary is being diagnosed. Thus, on ultrasound, the neoplasm looks like a thick capsule, which consists of two layers and does not move when the sensor moves.

An endometrioid ovarian cyst on ultrasound resembles a corpus luteum tumor. Therefore, when conducting an ultrasound, it is first necessary to exclude diseases of the corpus luteum. Since a corpus luteum tumor has the ability to resolve on its own, which cannot be said about an endometrioid cyst.

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Puncture

Puncture of an endometrioid ovarian cyst is the pinching of tissue for analysis. Puncture is necessary for diagnosing cystic disease. The procedure must be performed under general anesthesia, as it is quite painful. A vaginal sensor is inserted into the patient's vagina, which has a conductor with a needle for puncture. An aspirator is attached to the needle, which sucks out fluid from the cystic formation.

The puncture results are sent to the laboratory. The puncture has a double effect, it sucks out the fluid in the cystic formation and disinfects it by pouring a small amount of alcohol into the neoplasm. That is, thanks to the puncture, it is possible to diagnose an endometrioid cyst and treat it. In rare cases, after the puncture, the tumor makes itself known again. During the operation, the woman does not feel discomfort, and the rehabilitation period lasts a couple of days.

Treatment endometrioid ovarian cysts.

Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts occurs after a complete diagnosis of the disease. Treatment of the tumor can be:

• Conservative – taking medications (hormonal drugs, painkillers, taking vitamins and immunomodulators).
• Surgical – removal of the cyst using a laparoscopic method or a full-fledged operation.
• Combined – a combination of the first and second treatment methods.

Treatment of endometrioid cysts is aimed at eliminating the signs of the disease, carrying out preventive methods that prevent the progression of the disease and its occurrence in the future. The gynecologist must select an effective treatment method that is ideally suited to the symptoms, duration and stage of tumor development, and the patient's age. If a woman undergoes surgery, she will undergo a course of physiotherapy, which will correct the endocrine imbalance. Physiotherapy is aimed at eliminating disturbing painful symptoms and combating infertility.

Removal of endometrioid ovarian cyst

Removal of an endometrioid ovarian cyst involves surgical treatment of the tumor. Surgical treatment is only the first stage of complex treatment of the tumor. But the success of further treatment depends on the removal of the tumor.

Laparoscopy is considered a modern method of removing endometrioid cysts. The advantage of this method is obvious. After the operation, there are no postoperative scars left on the patient's body. Puncture marks heal quickly and do not leave scars. When performing the removal, it is very important not to disrupt the functioning of the blood vessels. An endometrioid cyst is very rarely found alone. Very often, endometrioid foci of different sizes can be seen on ultrasound. The gynecologist independently decides whether surgical treatment of small neoplasms is necessary.

Laparoscopic removal

Laparoscopy of endometrioid ovarian cyst is a prompt and effective method of treatment aimed at tumor removal. This type of surgery allows the tumor to be removed, but the reproductive organs to be preserved intact and the chances of pregnancy and its happy outcome to be increased.

Laparoscopy is performed through 3-4 incisions on the abdomen. Special equipment, an endoscope, is used during the operation. An endoscope and a needle with carbon dioxide are inserted into the incisions, which fills the abdominal cavity to increase the space needed for the operation. The endoscope contains a laser and scissors, with which the surgeon removes the tumor. The postoperative period and rehabilitation do not take much time and are virtually painless. But after laparoscopy, the patient is prescribed complex pathogenetic therapy.

Endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy

An endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy very rarely makes itself known again. Since modern surgical intervention reliably removes the tumor and small, accompanying endometrioid formations. Laparoscopy is a fast, painless and safe method of treatment. After such an operation, after 24 hours the woman can go home for the rehabilitation period.

To speed up recovery, women are prescribed various vitamins, hormonal drugs and biologically active supplements. All this allows the body to recover from an endometrioid ovarian cyst after laparoscopy.

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Surgical treatment

Surgery for endometrioid ovarian cysts is necessary if hormonal therapy, i.e. drug treatment, has not produced the expected results. The tumor also requires removal if the woman is diagnosed with infertility. The operation allows you to restore the reproductive system and gives a chance to get pregnant.

Before the operation, it is necessary to follow a number of rules. A couple of months before the surgical intervention, it is necessary to refuse hormonal therapy and cure possible foci of chronic infections. This is necessary in order to prepare the body for a successful operation to remove the endometrioid ovarian cyst. After the operation, the woman will undergo hormonal therapy, which can last from one to three years, and a regular examination by a gynecologist, usually once every three months.

Cost of the operation

The cost of an endometrioid ovarian cyst surgery depends on the complexity of the disease. That is, the price of the surgery directly depends on the location of the tumor, its size, the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, the type of surgery and a number of other nuances.

The exact cost of the endometrioid ovarian cyst surgery can be determined by a gynecologist. But on average, the price starts from three thousand hryvnia and can reach twenty thousand. Thus, the laparoscopy method will cost from 4-15 thousand hryvnia, and surgical intervention with an incision in the abdomen above the ovary - from 3 thousand hryvnia. The cost also depends on the woman's wishes. If the patient plans to become pregnant and give birth to children in the future, then it is extremely important for her to preserve the integrity of the reproductive organs, not leave scars on the body and quickly get back into shape after the surgery. In this case, laparoscopy is recommended.

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Treatment with homeopathy

All women are looking for a safe and effective method of treating endometrioid ovarian cysts. Homeopathic treatment is one of such methods. But the treatment is carried out individually, by a homeopathic doctor, who selects homeopathic medicines after a thorough study of the patient's medical history.

Homeopathic treatment is a method of non-traditional alternative medicine. During treatment, highly diluted preparations are used, which allow you to cope with the symptoms of the disease once and for all.

Application of Janine

When treating gynecological diseases, women are prescribed hormonal treatment. The need for surgical intervention depends on its effectiveness. Endometrioid cyst and Janine are an effective combination that allows you to cope with the disease and prevent surgical intervention.

Zhanin is a hormonal drug that shows high efficiency in the fight against endometrioid formations. The drug contains dienogest. Zhanin promotes regression of foci that provoked endometriosis. The drug has high bioavailability. For treatment, it is enough to take small doses of the drug, which will protect the body from side effects and overdose.

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Prevention

Prevention of endometrioid ovarian cysts involves regular examination by a gynecologist and, if necessary, a control ultrasound examination. Also, during prevention, a woman undergoes a course of hormonal treatment with drugs and vitamins that strengthen the immune system.

When preventing endometrioid ovarian cysts, special attention is paid to menstruation. If after surgery it is irregular and painful, then this is a reason to go to the gynecologist to draw up a new treatment plan.

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Forecast

The prognosis of an endometrioid ovarian cyst depends on the stage of the disease, the size of the tumor, the patient's age, the presence of chronic diseases, and other features. In addition, the prognosis can be used to learn about a woman's chances of having children in the future.

As a rule, the prognosis for an endometrioid ovarian cyst is positive. It is much worse if the tumor bursts and causes a number of irreversible consequences. In this case, the chances of getting pregnant are reduced, and the woman's life is at high risk. Only a gynecologist can make an accurate prognosis after examining the patient and diagnosing the disease.

An endometrioid ovarian cyst is a gynecological disease that can occur in any woman of reproductive age. The tumor must be treated, as its presence can cause infertility and a number of serious problems for women's health.

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