Laparoscopy for ovarian cysts

Today, laparoscopy of the cyst is one of the most common and simple operations. The essence of this operation is the creation of three small incisions on the abdominal wall and through them surgical instruments and a video camera are inserted.

[ 1 ]

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst after surgery

Open surgery is in any case a trauma for the human body. Tissue trauma is accompanied by a number of negative reactions of the whole body. After all, in essence, the body is an integral system, which, like any other closed system, does not tolerate intervention (especially destructive) from outside and reacts to it sharply. If the patient's medical history includes surgical intervention, most medical specialists try to prevent a repeat operation and prescribe it in the most extreme cases, when other methods of treatment do not have a positive effect. At the same time, in the modern medical world, laparoscopy is considered the most painless and least traumatic operation, as it requires minimal surgical intervention. Therefore, laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst after surgery is one of the most gentle ways to solve the problem of removal. It is obvious that the less stress we cause the body during treatment, the more it is inclined to cope with the disease itself. It is believed that if the patient has undergone a preliminary open operation, then laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst after the operation is the most loyal and simple way to remove the cyst.

Preparation for laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

Preparation for ovarian cyst laparoscopy consists of the following: first of all, it is necessary to take tests. All necessary tests are prescribed and prescribed by the attending physician. As a rule, these are urine tests and blood tests for coagulation, as well as a test to determine the glucose level, in addition, blood tests for AIDS, hepatitis and infectious diseases are mandatory. Immediately before the operation, a thorough examination of all pelvic organs, chest organs and an electrocardiogram are carried out. In the evening before the day of the operation and directly on the day of the operation, mandatory enemas are done, in addition, it is recommended to use laxatives at this time. You should limit your water and food intake the day before the laparoscopy. The last meal is allowed in the evening before the day of the operation, but not later than 19:00. The last drink is possible at 22:00, in the evening before the day of the operation. Later, it is forbidden to eat or drink any liquid, right up until the operation itself. On the day of the operation, you should consult with the anesthesiologist about the particularities of your body, if any, regarding the upcoming anesthesia. It is also important to remember that the pubic area should be shaved by the time of the operation.

[ 2 ]

Tests before laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

Before the laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery, it is necessary to first pass a number of tests, the results of which will help the attending physician to perform the surgery as safely and painlessly as possible. Mandatory tests before laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery:

• general blood and urine analysis;
• blood test to determine blood type and Rh factor;
• electrocardiogram and fluorography;
• biochemical blood test to determine the level of glucose, total protein, bilirubin;
• blood test to determine the presence of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis;
• vaginal smear to determine microflora;
• hemostasiogram to determine the degree of blood clotting.

All tests before laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst are prescribed by the attending physician, who can also provide additional advice on the appropriateness of conducting tests and explain the importance of each for a properly performed operation.

[ 3 ]

How is ovarian cyst laparoscopy performed?

After the patient has undergone all preliminary examinations and the test results have arrived, the operation itself begins. Before the operation, many people are concerned about how ovarian laparoscopy is performed. This operation is quite simple, fears and concerns about laparoscopy are often unnecessary and unjustified. The patient is taken to the operating room on a special gurney, where they help her lie down on the operating table. Next, an intravenous catheter is inserted to supply all the necessary medications to the body. After the anesthesia takes effect and the patient falls asleep, the abdomen and perineum are lubricated with a special disinfectant solution and a urinary catheter is inserted, if necessary. The abdominal cavity is filled with gas, the operating doctor makes several punctures through which the instruments necessary for the operation and a video camera are inserted, which displays the image on the screen. The surgeon sees the internal organs on the screen and conducts the operation using the image from the monitor. With the help of instruments, the cyst is removed without affecting healthy ovarian tissue. Next, the gas is released from the abdominal cavity using a special device and a suture and sterile bandage are applied to the injured tissue. In some cases, after the cyst is removed, a silicone drainage tube may be left in place for 24 hours, which the doctor will inform the patient about after the laparoscopy.

[ 4 ], [ 5 ]

How long does a laparoscopy for an ovarian cyst take?

Laparoscopy is an "elegant" operation, very precise and requiring the utmost attention of the surgeon, as it is performed under high magnification and extremely carefully to minimize trauma to healthy tissues and blood loss. Nevertheless, laparoscopy is considered the most painless and simple method of surgery. It is impossible to answer the question of how long laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst lasts unequivocally. Since it depends on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. On average, laparoscopic operations can take from 15 minutes to an hour. With all the preparations, the introduction of anesthesia and recovery from anesthesia, the operation in general can take a maximum of three hours. The duration of the operation also directly depends on the qualifications of the doctor who performs it. On average, for patients with moderate pathology, laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst itself lasts about 40 minutes. The laparoscopy method is currently considered the most painless, gentle and safe, compared to other existing surgical methods.

[ 6 ]

Laparoscopy of endometrioid ovarian cyst

An endometrioid cyst forms on the surface of the ovary or inside it and is a cavity limited by walls of varying thickness, filled with thick contents. A dangerous feature of such a cyst is damage to its walls during menstruation, which leads to fluid entering the abdominal cavity. In most cases, the occurrence of an endometrioid ovarian cyst occurs unnoticed by a woman and ends in reproductive dysfunction and infertility. Currently, surgical intervention for this disease is a direct indication for treatment, which is due to the ineffectiveness of other treatment methods, as well as the exclusion of the possibility of oncological formations. The most common method of treating such pathology is laparoscopy of an endometrioid ovarian cyst. An endometrioid ovarian cyst is usually bilateral and increases in size quite quickly. Laparoscopy of an endometrioid ovarian cyst performed at an early stage of the disease is the safest and guarantees a high percentage of a favorable course of the postoperative period without complications and significant changes in the woman's body.

[ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ]

Laparoscopy of paraovarian cyst

A paraovarian cyst is a tumor-like formation that forms from the ovarian appendage. This disease can be either completely asymptomatic or with clearly expressed characteristic symptoms. The danger of this pathology is that, unlike some other types of ovarian cysts, a paraovarian cyst never resolves on its own and cannot disappear during any self-treatment; the formation must be surgically removed. The most common method of removal is laparoscopy of a paraovarian cyst. The condition of patients after laparoscopy of a paraovarian cyst is good, the reproductive system quickly returns to normal, and in the vast majority of cases, recurrent formations are not observed. When deciding on the need for surgical intervention, the doctor is guided by a number of indicators of the patient's condition, such as the overall size of the cyst, the dynamics of its growth, the presence of discomfort. The possibility of negative consequences of surgery (with very large cysts or the presence of concomitant pathologies of the pelvic organs).

[ 11 ]

Laparoscopy of dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst of the ovary is a benign formation on the body of the ovary, consisting of various tissues present in the human body, which are in a jelly-like liquid and are located in a fairly dense capsule. A dermoid cyst can consist of nerve tissue, fat, bone tissue, hair, teeth or skin. Most often, this cyst is detected after it reaches a certain size and begins to injure neighboring organs, causing a lot of discomfort to the woman. A dermoid cyst is constantly increasing in size, so it is recommended to perform an operation to remove it as early as possible. There is the easiest, most painless and effective operation to remove it - laparoscopy of a dermoid cyst. After such operations, the occurrence of relapses of the disease is reduced to a minimum, at the same time, laparoscopy of a dermoid cyst is the most gentle method of treatment for a woman's body.

[ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ], [ 15 ]

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst during pregnancy

Pregnancy is one of the most important periods in a woman's life, so at this time many women begin to monitor their health more carefully. The diagnosis of "ovarian cyst" during pregnancy horrifies many women. But in fact, this diagnosis is not as scary as it seems. Naturally, an ovarian cyst can pose a serious danger to both the mother and her future child. Large cysts can provoke a miscarriage or the need for an abortion in the late stages of pregnancy, in addition, the fetus, increasing in size, presses on the body of the cyst, which can cause its rupture, which is extremely dangerous for the woman. Pathological changes in the woman's body can be accompanied by discomfort, but can also pass completely unnoticed, without any symptoms. Therefore, during pregnancy, you should carefully examine yourself for ovarian cysts.

If the cyst is still there, today's surgical methods allow it to be removed with minimal risk to the mother and child. Laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst during pregnancy is a safe and gentle method of treatment. Laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst during pregnancy allows to minimize external intervention in the body and remove the cyst with the least impact on healthy pelvic organs and the fetus itself.

[ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ], [ 19 ]

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst: contraindications

Despite the fact that one of the simplest and most painless operations for cyst removal is considered to be laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst, there are still contraindications for this operation. Such operations are contraindicated for people who have had infectious diseases within a month before the operation, and laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst is also contraindicated for people suffering from cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. So, bronchial asthma during an exacerbation is a direct contraindication for this operation. Patients with high blood pressure are also at risk, and laparoscopy in such patients can only be performed with the permission of a doctor, after the results of tests and a thorough study of the anamnesis. Contraindications for performing laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst may be such as problems with blood clotting (a special blood test is performed before the operation to determine the level of clotting), a hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. There are relative contraindications for surgery, in the presence of which the attending physician decides whether it is appropriate to perform laparoscopy. These include high obesity, cervical cancer, large adhesions in the abdominal cavity, or the presence of a large amount of blood in the abdominal area. Also, a relative contraindication is a large size of pathological formations on the ovary and a malignant ovarian tumor.

[ 20 ], [ 21 ], [ 22 ], [ 23 ]

Consequences after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

The postoperative period of laparoscopy in most cases passes easily and painlessly for the patient. Usually by the second postoperative week, the ability to work and physical activity is fully restored. The consequences of laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst can be directly related to anesthesia, since in different people anesthesia causes completely different, often unpredictable, reactions of the body. The consequences of laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst can also be expressed in adhesions, which, without treatment, can lead to infertility and the development of a number of gynecological diseases. Unfortunately, adhesions after any surgery are a fairly common problem. If the postoperative regimen is not followed correctly, there is a risk of developing infectious processes in the body, since laparoscopy is still, although relatively easy, an operation that requires intervention in the body, the ovaries after laparoscopy are somewhat injured, which facilitates access and spread of infections. To minimize the negative consequences after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, it is necessary to regularly see a doctor for a year, follow all his instructions and undergo a restorative course of medication after the operation.

[ 24 ], [ 25 ]

Complications after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

Minor complications after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery occur in only two percent of cases out of a hundred. The list of minor complications includes such postoperative symptoms as nausea or vomiting, postoperative infection, which is accompanied by a significant increase in temperature, chills and fever. Minor bleeding in the places where the incisions were made is also possible. There are also a number of serious complications that are extremely rare and in percentage terms account for less than one percent. However, there is still a low probability of such complications. Serious complications after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery are associated mostly with the professionalism of the surgeon. Such complications include damage to healthy pelvic organs, damage to large important vessels, such as the aorta or vena cava, damage to the nerves of the pelvic area. In addition, there are a number of cases when complications are caused by severe allergic reactions to anesthesia and reactions of the body to carbon dioxide - a gas that is introduced into the abdominal cavity during surgery.

[ 26 ], [ 27 ]

Pain after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

After laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, there may be quite severe pain in the places where the incisions were made. This should not cause unnecessary anxiety and suspicion, because this is a natural reaction of the body to surgery. If the pain is too strong and causes discomfort, you should consult your doctor, who will have to prescribe the most effective painkiller, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient. Also, pain after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst can be localized in different places in the abdomen, but, as a rule, such pain goes away after three to five days after surgery. If the pain continues much longer and is very disturbing, you must definitely consult a doctor, since such pain after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst may indicate the occurrence of complications. Also after surgery, there may be minor pain in the shoulder, caused by the fact that the gas that is introduced into the abdominal cavity during surgery can irritate the phrenic nerve. In rare cases, pain after ovarian cyst laparoscopy is caused by an infection that has formed at the incision sites. In these cases, antibiotics are used to treat the infection and relieve pain.

[ 28 ]

Temperature after ovarian cyst laparoscopy

During the normal course of the postoperative period, the temperature after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery in the first few days after the operation may rise to 37 degrees. This should not cause concern, since such an increase in temperature is a sign that the body is accumulating its strength to heal wounds and normalize the functioning of the reproductive system. In most cases, such an increase in temperature is not accompanied by any other negative symptoms indicating that any malignant processes are occurring in the body. However, if such a temperature persists for more than ten days after surgery, you should consult a doctor to rule out the possibility of inflammation. A strong increase in temperature should be an alarming signal, since in the vast majority of cases such symptoms indicate possible complications. Thus, an infection that occurs at the incision sites or directly at the site of cyst removal can provoke a sharp and significant increase in temperature to 38 degrees and above.

Discharge after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

After any surgical operation on the ovary, there is a shift in the menstrual cycle, and discharge after laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst may occur both immediately after the operation and at any other postoperative period. This is considered normal and should not be a cause for any alarm. Such discharge is most often insignificant and mucous in nature and can persist for several weeks. Yellowish-green or brown-green vaginal discharge is a sign that there is an infection in the body and should be a reason for immediate medical attention. Such discharge is often accompanied by characteristic symptoms, such as general weakness, drowsiness, high temperature, nagging pain in the lower back, discomfort in the mucous membranes of the genitals. White discharge appears if laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst was performed at a time when antibiotics were taken, and indicates that thrush has appeared. Such discharge may also be bloody. But this type of discharge does not always indicate thrush. There are a number of cases where whitish discharge indicates the presence of other infections in a woman's body, the nature of which can only be determined by taking a vaginal smear for analysis.

[ 29 ], [ 30 ]

Pregnancy after laparoscopic ovarian cyst

The laparoscopic method of removing pathological formations has opened up completely new possibilities in the field of medicine. During laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, the ovary itself is not removed and in most cases healthy tissues of the organ are not even injured. Only the body of the cyst itself is removed, after which the ovary gradually restores and normalizes its functions. Pregnancy after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst can occur both very soon and some time after the operation. This depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the cycles of functioning of the reproductive system under normal conditions. According to statistics, on average, the ovary is restored after cyst removal for up to three months. Therefore, pregnancy may not occur in the next three months after the operation, but it is not desirable until the body has fully recovered. In addition, after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, you should abstain from sexual intercourse for at least a month to prevent the development of complications and infections, as well as to reduce trauma to the ovary to a minimum. According to statistics, only five percent of women who underwent laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst were unable to become pregnant within a year after the operation. All other women became pregnant after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst within a month to six months after the operation. If a woman becomes pregnant in a short time after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, she must be under the supervision of a doctor who will eliminate the risk of developing pathologies in the fetus, as well as prevent possible relapses of the disease in the expectant mother.

[ 31 ], [ 32 ], [ 33 ]

Recommendations after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

According to the rules of medical institutions, the patient stays in the hospital for 24 hours after laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst so that doctors can monitor her condition and adaptation. If no acute complications arise, the patient is sent home, where she must follow all recommendations after laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst regarding the postoperative regimen. It is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse for a month to prevent injury to the ovary, infection, or suture divergence. It is forbidden to take a bath for the first two weeks after the operation, and after all water procedures, it is necessary to lubricate the sutures with disinfectants. In the first month after the operation, it is also forbidden to drink alcohol, too fatty and heavy food, because this prevents the body from quickly coping with the adaptation period. The wound in the abdominal wall is very sensitive, so it is recommended to wear loose clothing to prevent compression of organs and damage to the sutures. Bed rest is recommended for the first few days, but in the following days, doctors advise being active, as this will speed up the end of the postoperative period.

Postoperative period after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Many women experience some emotional discomfort in the postoperative period after ovarian laparoscopy, expressed in anxiety, unreasonable fears, excessive tearfulness and sudden mood swings. The adaptation period after laparoscopy is much easier and faster than after open surgery. However, the attending physician prescribes painkillers for the first time after surgery and antibiotics to avoid inflammation. If there is a need to remove the stitches, they are removed on the seventh day after the operation. The first week, you need to do a dressing, which includes changing the sterile dressing on the postoperative wounds and lubricating the incision sites with an antiseptic. During laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst, the integrity of healthy tissues is not violated, therefore, menstrual function is not disrupted. Normally, the next menstruation after surgery should occur on schedule. It is also recommended to reduce physical activity, in particular, limit weight lifting to three kilograms. In the postoperative period after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, it is recommended to eat small portions many times a day and exclude fatty and heavy foods, spicy and salty foods from the diet to normalize bowel function.

Restrictions after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

As with any other surgery, there are restrictions after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery. First of all, these are restrictions on sexual intercourse, since doctors recommend abstaining from sex for the first month after surgery. There are also restrictions on sports, physical activity, and weight lifting. Those who are involved in any kind of sport are not recommended to resume training earlier than a month after surgery, and when resuming training, increase the load gradually, starting with the smallest. As for lifting weights, doctors do not recommend lifting more than three kilograms during the first three months after surgery and more than five during the next three months. After this period, you should see your doctor. If no complications arise within six months after surgery, the doctor will allow you to return to your usual lifestyle and usual activities. There are also some restrictions on the diet, since at first (approximately two to three weeks, depending on the patient's condition), it is recommended to limit the consumption of very spicy and salty foods, as well as exclude alcohol.

[ 34 ]

Rehabilitation after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Rehabilitation after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery is much faster than after other types of surgery and takes much less time, since there is no serious damage to the body tissues. Patients can move independently and eat light food from the very first day. Complete rehabilitation of orgasm occurs three to six months after surgery, depending on individual indicators. During the rehabilitation period, dynamic medical observation of the patient is mandatory, control ultrasound is carried out one month, three and six months after surgery, and then necessarily every six months. Rehabilitation after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery most often occurs without complications and with a minimum degree of discomfort.

[ 35 ], [ 36 ]

Recovery after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

Recovery after ovarian cyst laparoscopy, if the doctor's postoperative recommendations are followed, occurs quite quickly. As a rule, in two to three weeks, the patient's ability to work is fully restored and she can go to work if necessary. The menstrual cycle may be out of rhythm in some individual cases, but this is not considered a pathology and, after some time, the rhythms even out and the amount of discharge stabilizes. Since ovarian cyst laparoscopy is an organ-preserving type of surgery, it has virtually no effect on future pregnancies and childbirth, or on the health and development of the fetus. Also, if a woman is of childbearing age, then in the period from three to six months after laparoscopy, she is prescribed hormonal therapy to fully normalize the functioning of the ovaries and maintain adequate hormonal levels. After the surgical incisions have healed, two or three small scars, 5 to 10 millimeters in size, remain on the woman’s body, which, with proper care in the postoperative period, become practically invisible over time.

[ 37 ]

Treatment after laparoscopic ovarian cyst

Ovarian cysts may reappear after surgery. The probability of such cases is not very high, but it still exists. In addition, after laparoscopy, adhesions may begin in the body, which entail unpleasant consequences for the woman's health. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, doctors prescribe treatment after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts. In order to prevent the recurrence of cystic formations, drugs containing elements of male hormones are prescribed. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are also prescribed. The name of this drug looks scary and many women are afraid that drugs of this kind will entail some complications in the functioning of the body. In fact, this drug was originally created as a drug to cure infertility. But later, scientists and doctors discovered some other positive possibilities of these drugs. Also, treatment after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts includes a course of antibiotics that prevent inflammatory processes in the operated areas. For more active recovery, doctors also prescribe vitamins and some herbal preparations.

Nutrition after ovarian cyst laparoscopy

Nutrition after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery should be formed in such a way that it is as easy as possible for the body to rehabilitate after the surgery. It is very important to eat foods containing fiber, since it is fiber that has a beneficial effect on the condition of the intestines and on the level of glucose in the blood. After laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst, it is recommended to very carefully monitor the condition of the intestines, since these organs are in close proximity to each other. For the same reason, doctors recommend refraining from eating fatty and hard-to-digest foods in the first month after surgery, as well as those dishes that irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, too spicy or too salty dishes. Otherwise, you can stick to your usual diet, with the condition of mandatory exclusion of alcohol for a month and a half after the surgery.

[ 38 ], [ 39 ]

Diet after laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery

There is no specific diet in the medical sense of the term after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst. But in the usual sense of the word, as restrictions in the usual diet, there are still some recommendations. The diet after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst should be as gentle as possible for the body so that the reproductive system has the opportunity to quickly recover. Therefore, doctors advise not to overload the body with heavy foods, not to overeat and not to drink alcohol (in addition, most likely after laparoscopy a course of antibiotics will be prescribed, so alcohol is strictly excluded). The diet after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is very simple and consists of eating healthy light food in small portions many times a day. It is also recommended to eat a lot of foods containing fiber and natural vitamins, which are contained in fruits, vegetables and other plant-based foods. Cereals and freshly squeezed juices also have a good effect on the healing process and wound healing.

[ 40 ]

Reviews of laparoscopy of cysts

For the most part, reviews of cyst laparoscopy are positive. Patients note the painlessness of the surgery, satisfactory condition in the postoperative period and the absence of complaints in the future. In addition, most patients who had cyst laparoscopy became pregnant after the surgery and carried a healthy child, without any changes in health during pregnancy related to reproductive function and directly with the cyst removal itself. Immediately before the surgery itself, women, as a rule, experience anxiety and fear about cyst laparoscopy, but after the surgery they note that the anxiety was unnecessary, since the surgery was very easy. Some reviews of cyst laparoscopy are negative, but in most cases this is due to the unprofessionalism of the surgeons who performed the operations; with the right choice of specialist, patients are satisfied with the result. Also, according to reviews, it can be noted that the condition of postoperative scars in most cases is more than satisfactory, since over time they become almost invisible due to their small size.

[ 41 ], [ 42 ], [ 43 ]

Ovarian Cyst Laparoscopy Price

The price of ovarian cyst laparoscopy depends on the type and complexity of the operation. When determining the cost, the size of the cyst, its nature, location and complexity of removal are taken into account. Individual accompanying procedures that may be prescribed in each specific case are also taken into account. In addition, the price of ovarian cyst laparoscopy depends on the clinic where the operation is performed and the qualifications of the surgeon who performs it. The cost of ovarian cyst laparoscopy in Ukraine also varies depending on the region and ranges from 4 to 15 thousand hryvnia. A more detailed price should be found out from your doctor, taking into account the characteristics of the pathology and the individual code of the medical institution.

[ 44 ], [ 45 ]