Drops that dilate the pupil

Drops that dilate the pupil are called mydriatic. Midriatiki allow to increase the diameter of the pupil, blocking the oculomotor nerve, or irritating the sympathetic. Such drugs should be used with great care - they are quite toxic to the human body. Therefore, they can be used only on the prescription of an ophthalmologist.

[1], [2]

Indications for the use of drops that dilate the pupil

Miodriatic drops are used for diagnosis in ophthalmoscopy. The dilated pupil allows the doctor to examine the eye fundus more closely and to see the initial stages of the development of diseases in time - dystrophic changes, detachment, damage.

If the patient suffers from a spasm of accommodation (the so-called false myopia), then drops can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Midriatics disable the function of the eye muscle, which allows the doctor to really assess the degree of visual acuity. With the accommodation spasm, droplets eliminate the tension of the eye muscle, which appears with prolonged work associated with the voltage of vision. Previously, as a therapeutic agent used Atropine, but to date, preference is given to the drops that dilate the pupils.

Drops are widely used in inflammatory processes in the iris and ciliary body (irit, iridocyclitis). The use of this treatment helps to calm the iris and reduce the risk of complications (adhesions).

Form of issue

Eye drops that dilate the pupils are a kind of medicamentous form, which is an aqueous or oily solution used to dig in the area of the conjunctival sac. Drops are applied using a special pipette or dispenser, which is attached in the package to the drug.

Drops-mydriatica appoints an ophthalmologist, usually a small course of treatment and in small quantities.

The ophthalmic solution should be sterile, should not contain visible suspensions and turbidity.

[3], [4]

Pharmacodynamics

The pupil can be dilated medicinally in two ways:

• immobilize the oculomotor nerve;
• bring into a state of excitation sympathetic nerve.

For these purposes, the following drugs are used: atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, midrin, platyphylline, etc. The first three kinds of drops have the most pronounced effect. They are able to maximally expand the pupil, relaxing the circular musculature and diverting it to the periphery, into the zone of transition of the stratum corneum into protein. As a result of this action, the intraocular pressure rises.

Do not provoke an increase in intraocular pressure drugs such as gomatropin, platyphylline and midrin, as well as droplets that cause excitation of the sympathetic nerve.

The effect of droplets dilating the pupil is associated with their effect on the accommodation of the eye - the fitness of the vision to different distances. An accommodation disorder occurs when atropine is used - paralysis of the oculomotor nerve occurs, relaxation of the ciliary muscle, which extends to the periphery. This, in turn, leads to stretching and flattening of the lens. For this reason, for 3-4 days after using such drops, vision can be vague and inaccurate.

Much less problems with accommodation occurs with the use of gomatropin, platyphylline and ephedrine.

Pharmacokinetics

With external use (drip or subconjunctival), drops to expand the pupil penetrate almost all the tissues of the eye.

Inside the tissues, partial hydrolysis of the substance may occur.

Even with topical application, the active substance drops can be well adsorbed into the systemic circulation. Metabolism occurs in the liver, metabolic products are excreted through the urinary system.

Dosing and Administration

We offer you the most common names for drops that dilate the pupils.

Atropine:

• when examining the fundus, use a 0.5% solution once, half an hour before the procedure;
• when assessing refraction 0.5-1% solution is used twice a day for 1-3 days before the procedure;
• for the treatment of uveitis 0.5-1% solution drips 2-3 times a day.

Cyclopentolate:

• for ophthalmoscopy use from 1 to 3 times in 1 drop every 10 minutes;
• with the purpose of treatment the drug is used three times a day.

Gomatropin 0.25%:

• when examining the fundus are applied once;
• with the purpose of treatment, drip 1 drop three times a day.

Scopolamine 0.25% solution:

• when ophthalmoscopy, the liquid is dripped once;
• for treatment appoint 1 drop from 3 to 4 times a day.

Tropicamide (analogues - Midratsil 0.5-1%, Midrum 0.5-1%):

• for ophthalmoscopic diagnosis, one drop of 1% of the drug is used once, or two drops of 0.5% of the drug with a five-minute interval;
• to evaluate the refraction of the drop, apply six times with an interval of 6 to 12 minutes. The study can be started in about 30-50 minutes;
• for the treatment use 1 drop to 4 times a day.

[5], [6], [7]

Use of drops that dilate the pupil during pregnancy

Even with normal pregnancy and unproblematic vision, there is sometimes a need for using drops that dilate the pupil. For example, the examination of an ophthalmologist for the entire period of pregnancy is carried out 2-3 times, and this is mandatory - regular examination of a specialist allows you to diagnose and cure most eye diseases on time. Moreover, the state of the organs of vision directly affects the choice of the method of delivery.

During the period of gestation, a woman is examined for a period of approximately 13 weeks, then for 30-31 weeks and for 1-2 weeks before childbirth. To thoroughly consider the retina, there is often a need to expand the pupil, and for this purpose, use appropriate drops. External and single instillation of such drugs is not prohibited during pregnancy. However, from their constant and regular use should be avoided: the active components of the drops penetrate into the systemic circulation and can harm the future child.

Contraindications for use

Contraindications to the use of drops dilating the pupil are:

• allergic inclination of the organism;
• glaucoma;
• the synechia of the iris;
• period of pregnancy and breastfeeding (repeated or prolonged reception);
• cautiously - in the elderly and early childhood.

Do not drive for several hours after applying drops.

The use of mydriatic - adrenomimetic and m-cholinolytic drugs must necessarily be agreed with a specialist.

Side effects of drops dilating the pupil

Drops that dilate the pupil can have a number of side effects:

• disorder of accommodation;
• a feeling of double vision in the eyes;
• increased intraocular pressure;
• fear of light;
• redness of the conjunctiva and eyelid region;
• hypersensitivity reactions;
• thirst;
• temperature increase;
• upset urination;
• increased irritability, anxiety;
• pain in the eyeballs;
• turbidity of vision.

If side effects occur, the drug should be discontinued and referred to an ophthalmologist.

Overdose

If you carefully follow the prescribed dosage, the likelihood of an overdose is unlikely.

Signs of excess drug in the body appear when applying drops orally, or when using deliberately inflated doses.

Possible symptoms: dryness of mucous membranes and skin, tachycardia, weakness, speech disorders, intestinal dysfunction, urination disorders, increased side effects.

The use of high dosages of drugs can lead to paralysis of the respiratory center and the development of coma.

Treatment is carried out with antagonist drugs.

Interactions of drops dilating the pupil with other drugs

Drops that dilate the pupil can only be used in a combination of adrenomimetics + m-cholinolytics. It is not recommended to use other combinations of drugs.

Simultaneous application of mydriatic and myotics is mutually exclusive.

Conditions and shelf life

Droplet-mydriatic drops are preserved with caution, apart from other medications, with absolute lack of access to children. Temperature values for optimal storage are from +12 to + 25 ° C. Freeze and overheat the drops can not.

After opening the package, the preparations can be stored for not more than one month.

Shelf life - no more than 2 years.

Drops that dilate the pupil can only be prescribed by a medical professional if there are appropriate indications. Self-use of mydriatic remedies is unacceptable.