Dopamine Admeda

Dopamine Admeda is a drug whose main active ingredient is dopamine. Dopamine belongs to a class of drugs known as vasopressors, which act on the cardiovascular system.

Dopamine is used in medical practice to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Shock: Including shock of various etiologies (hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, etc.), when it is necessary to maintain blood circulation and blood pressure.
2. Increased Blood Pressure: Dopamine can be used to increase blood pressure in cases of hypotension or hypotension.
3. Increasing blood flow to the kidneys: In some cases, the drug may be used to improve blood flow to the kidneys in acute renal failure.

Dopamine Admeda is typically administered intra- or extravenously in a controlled medical environment, often in hospitals or other healthcare facilities under the supervision of medical personnel.

Indications Dopamina Admeda

1. Shock: Dopamine is used to treat shock of various etiologies, including hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, cardiogenic shock, and other types of shock. It helps maintain circulation and blood pressure in patients with acute circulatory failure.
2. Hypotension and hypotension: The drug is used to increase blood pressure in patients with low blood pressure.
3. Maintenance of kidney blood flow: Dopamine may be used to increase kidney blood flow, especially in states of acute renal failure where maintenance or improvement of kidney function is required.
4. Maintaining blood flow in small arteries and venules: This may be important in some surgical procedures, such as peripheral arterial reconstruction.
5. Maintaining blood flow to the brain: In some situations, Dopamine Admeda may be used to ensure adequate blood flow to the brain in patients with hypoxia or ischemia.

Release form

Concentrated solution for infusion: Dopamine Admeda is usually available as a solution for infusion (intravenous administration), which is diluted before use. This solution is intended for drip administration into a vein using an infusion set.

Pharmacodynamics

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that transmits signals in the nervous system. It plays a key role in regulating many bodily functions, including movement, mood, motivation, and pleasure.

The pharmacodynamics of Dopamine Admeda is that it is a direct dopamine receptor agonist. This means that it binds to dopamine receptors and activates them, which leads to a change in the electrical activity of nerve cells and a subsequent change in dopamine-related functions.

Dopamine Admeda is commonly used to treat conditions associated with insufficient levels of dopamine in the body, such as shock, hypotension (low blood pressure), hypotension in pregnancy, and in some cases of sepsis. It can be used in intensive care and resuscitation to maintain blood pressure and blood flow to vital organs.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Dopamine is usually administered intravenously and goes directly into the bloodstream. Once administered, it is quickly distributed throughout the body's tissues.
2. Distribution: Dopamine has a relatively small volume of distribution. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and act on the central nervous system.
3. Metabolism: Dopamine is rapidly metabolized in the liver by the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). It is metabolized to inactive metabolites such as homovanillic acid and 3-methoxytyrosine.
4. Elimination: Dopamine is eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys as metabolites and to a lesser extent unchanged. Its half-life in the body is short, lasting only a few minutes.
5. Pharmacokinetics in different populations: In elderly patients or patients with impaired renal function, the pharmacokinetic parameters of dopamine may be altered.

Dosing and administration

1. Directions for use: Dopamine Admeda is usually administered intravenously (IV) using an infusion pump, which allows for precise control of the rate of administration of the drug.
2. Dosage: The dose of dopamine may vary depending on the severity of the patient's condition, weight, and response to treatment. It is important to start with a low dose and gradually increase it under the supervision of medical staff. Typically, the dosage starts with 2-5 mcg/kg/min and can be increased to 20-50 mcg/kg/min depending on the patient's response and treatment goals.
3. Patient Monitoring: During dopamine treatment, vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, urine output, and other cardiovascular parameters, should be closely monitored.
4. Duration of treatment: The duration of dopamine treatment depends on the patient's condition and response to therapy. The physician should regularly review the need for continued treatment and adjust the dosage according to changes in the patient's condition.

Use Dopamina Admeda during pregnancy

Using Dopamine Admeda during pregnancy can be risky and should be closely monitored by a physician. Here are key points from the studies:

1. A study of low-dose dopamine in women with severe preeclampsia has shown that dopamine may be useful in preventing and treating acute renal failure. However, its role in the management of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia remains unclear. The study showed a significant increase in urine output over six hours in women given dopamine, but it is unclear whether this benefits women (Steyn & Steyn, 2007).
2. A study of the effects of dopamine on vascular and uterine response in pregnant ewes found that dopamine reduces uterine blood flow and may increase arterial pressure and uterine tone, potentially adversely affecting the fetus (Fishburne et al., 1980).

These data highlight potential risks of dopamine use during pregnancy, particularly with regard to its effects on uterine and vascular tone, which may adversely affect the fetus.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity to dopamine: People with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to dopamine or any other component of the drug should avoid using it.
2. Pheochromocytoma: Dopamine is generally contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, which is a rare tumor that can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular complications.
3. Atrial fibrillation: In patients with atrial fibrillation (an abnormal heart rhythm), the use of dopamine may not be advisable without first consulting a doctor.
4. Tachyarrhythmias: The drug may increase tachyarrhythmias (rapid heart rate) and other arrhythmias, so its use requires caution in patients with heart rhythm disorders.
5. Heart failure: In patients with heart failure, dopamine should be used with caution under medical supervision as it may affect cardiac function.
6. Vascular insufficiency: People with severe forms of vascular insufficiency should also use dopamine with caution and only under the supervision of a physician.

Side effects Dopamina Admeda

1. Increased blood pressure: Dopamine may cause increased blood pressure in some patients.
2. Atrial fibrillation and other heart arrhythmias: In some people, Dopamine can cause abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation.
3. Headache and dizziness: These are some of the most common side effects of Dopamine.
4. Focal vascular injury: Dopamine may cause thrombus formation in peripheral vessels, especially in patients with hypertension.
5. Increased heart rate (tachycardia): This is another possible side effect of the drug.
6. Changes in blood counts: Including changes in red blood cell and white blood cell levels.
7. Appetite Suppression and Nausea: Some patients may experience loss of appetite or nausea while taking Dopamine.
8. Hereditary changes in the cardiovascular system: Dopamine can affect hemodynamics and circulation, which may be especially important for patients with hereditary diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Overdose

1. Acute hypertension (high blood pressure).
2. Cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythm).
3. Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat).
4. Angina (pain in the heart area due to insufficient blood supply).
5. Cardiogenic shock (acute heart failure).

Interactions with other drugs

1. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Interaction of dopamine with MAOIs may result in increased effects of dopamine, which may lead to increased blood pressure and other adverse reactions.
2. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Dopamine may enhance the cardiotoxic effects of TCAs, such as cardiac arrhythmias.
3. Beta-blockers: Dopamine may decrease the effectiveness of beta-blockers because it may counteract their effects on the cardiovascular system.
4. Levodopa: Interaction with levodopa may result in increased effects of both drugs, which may lead to increased blood pressure.
5. Drugs that increase the release of norepinephrine: Interaction with such drugs may enhance dopaminergic effects and cause an increase in blood pressure.