Defects of the palate can occur as a result of gunshot and non-gunshot injuries, inflammatory processes, as well as as a result of surgical removal of a tumor of the palate, previously unsuccessful uranostaphyloplasty, etc.
The anatomical structure and size of the lips in children and adults vary considerably; however, they have certain harmonic limits, deviation from which we associate with the idea of an unattractive or even ugly shape of the lips.
Defects of the alveolar process with cicatricial deformation of the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the mouth can occur as a result of gunshot wounds, oncological operations and inflammatory processes.
Excessive atrophy of the alveolar processes usually occurs as a result of diffuse damage to the periodontium by an inflammatory-dystrophic process known as periodontosis or periodontitis.
Posterior dislocations of the lower jaw occur as a result of a blow to the chin at the moment of slight jaw abduction, during the removal of the lower large molars with the use of great force, or during convulsive yawning.
With subluxation of the lower jaw, the articular elements are displaced either in the upper part of the joint (discotemporal subluxation) or in the lower part (discocondylar subluxation).
Habitual dislocation of the lower jaw can occur several times a day and is easily eliminated by the patient himself. The cause of habitual dislocation of the lower jaw can be rheumatism, gout and other organic pathological lesions of the temporomandibular joints.
