To epicondylar fractures include fractures with a fracture line passing distal to the humerus body, but without violating the intraarticular part of the condyle.
Fractures of the diaphysis of the shoulder are from 2.2 to 2.9% of all fractures of the bones of the skeleton. The mechanism of injury can be direct and indirect. In the first case - a blow on the shoulder or shoulder on a solid object, in the second - a fall on the wrist or elbow joint of the withdrawn hand, excessive rotation of the axis.
The isolated fractures of the tubercles of the humerus mostly arise with the indirect mechanism of trauma, a frequent type of which are detachable fractures. The latter almost always occur with the displacement of fragments.
Intraarticular fractures of the proximal end of the humerus are rare. The mechanism of a straight trauma is a blow to the outer surface of the shoulder joint, but it can also be indirect - when the withdrawn hand is dropped on the elbow joint.
In recent decades, the problem of injuries and their consequences is regarded in the concept, the name of which is traumatic disease. The importance of this theory is in an interdisciplinary approach to consideration of the functioning of all the body systems from the moment of injury until recovery or death of the victim, when all the processes (fracture, injury, shock, etc.) are considered in the unity of the cause-effect relationships.
For several decades, work has been carried out to study the results of arthroscopic treatment of damage to the capsular-ligament apparatus of the knee joint.
