Encephalocele is a herniated protrusion of intracranial contents through a congenital defect of the base of the skull. Meningocele contains only a dura mater, while a meningoencephalocele also contains brain tissue.
Mukocele develops when the drainage of the normal sinus secretion is disturbed due to infection, allergies, trauma or congenital narrowness of the drainage pathways.
Dermoid cyst is a benign cavity formation from the group of teratomas (choroid), formed when the ectoderm is displaced under the skin along the lines of the embryonic junction.
Carotid cavernous fistula is a pathological fistula that occurs as a result of damage to the internal carotid artery in the place where it passes through the cavernous sinus.
Lymphangiomas are not classified as tumors, they are a developmental malformation, representing non-functioning benign vascular malformations that pass through the entire orbit and sometimes the oropharynx.
Idiopathic inflammation of the orbit (formerly known as the pseudotumor of the orbit) is a rare pathology that is non-tumor, noninfectious, orbital lesion of the orbit.
Naso-orbital mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the family Mucoruceae, usually affecting patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or with suppression of immunity.
From 30 to 50% of patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy suffer from ophthalmoplegia, which can be permanent. Restriction of the mobility of the eye initially associated with inflammatory edema and later - fibrosis.
