Dermoid eye cyst
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The dermoid eye cyst is a benign cavity formation from the group of teratomas (chorister) formed when the ectoderm is displaced under the skin along the lines of the embryonic junction. The dermoids are lined with horny flat scaly epithelium (like the skin), have a fibrous capsule and contain accessory skin elements such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Epidermoid cysts do not contain such accessory structures. Dermoids can be: superficial, deep, located respectively anteriorly or posteriorly from the tarzorbital fascia.
[Superficial dermoid cyst
The superficial dermoid cyst manifests itself in childhood as a painless node in the upper temporal and sometimes in the upper-internal part of the orbit.
Symptoms of superficial dermoid eye cyst: dense, round, smooth, painless formation 1-2 cm in diameter, usually easily displaced under the skin. The rear borders are easily accessible palpation, which indicates the lack of proliferation in depth.
Treatment of superficial dermoid cyst of the eye: total excision. It is important not to tear the capsule; pouring keratin into surrounding tissues leads to severe granulomatous inflammation.
Deep dermoid cyst
Deep dermoid cyst manifests itself in adolescence or middle age.
Symptoms of deep dermoid cyst of the eye: exophthalmos, dystopia or the presence of volumetric education, in which it is not possible to determine the posterior borders.
CT reveals a heterogeneous formation with well-defined boundaries.
Treatment of deep dermoid cyst of the eye. Total excision is recommended. A deep dermoid cyst increases and can, after breaking through, pour out the contents into surrounding tissues. This usually leads to the development of painful granulomatous inflammation, often followed by fibrosis. With incomplete removal, cysts can recur and are accompanied by a slow inflammation.
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