Diseases of the eyes (ophthalmology)

Benign tumors of the iris

Up to 84% of iris tumors are benign, more than half of them (54-62%) are myogenic in nature.

Benign tumors of the eyelids

Benign tumors of the eyelids constitute the main group of tumors of the eyelids.

Malignant tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea

Scaly cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and cornea is rarely observed. The provoking factors include ultraviolet radiation, human papillomatous virus and HIV infection.

Benign tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea

In the conjunctiva and the cornea, benign tumors (dermoids, dermolipomas, pigmentary tumors) prevail, and in childhood they constitute more than 99% of all tumors of this localization.

Malignant tumors of the eyelids

Tumors of the skin of the eyelids account for more than 80% of all neoplasms of the organ of vision. Age of patients from 1 year to 80 years and more. Prevalent tumors of epithelial genesis (up to 67%).

Medicinal Optic Neuropathies

Etambutol in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin is used to treat tuberculosis. Toxicity depends on the dose and duration of treatment and is 6% with a daily dose of 25 mg / kg (15 mg / kg dose is rarely toxic).

Pupil reactions

The reflex to approximation (synkinesia, not the true reflex) is activated when looking from a distant object to a close one. Includes accommodation, convergence and miosis.

Obnuclear oculomotor disorders

Friendly eye movements are binocular movements, in which the eyes move synchronously and symmetrically in the same direction. There are 3 main types of movements: saccadic, smooth search, non-optical reflex.

Alcohol-tobacco amblyopia

Alcoholic-tobacco amblyopia usually develops in alcoholics and tobacco smokers who have a deficiency of protein and B vitamins. Most patients violate the diet, receiving calories, mostly from alcohol.

Hypoplasia of the optic nerve

Hypoplasia of the optic nerve, one-sided or two-sided, is characterized by a reduced amount of nerve fibers. Hypoplasia of the optic nerve can be an isolated anomaly, it can be combined with other developmental defects of the eye or a heterogeneous group of diseases, most often affecting the midline structures of the brain.

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