Diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders (endocrinology)

Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis - a primary decrease in PSR2, with or without compensatory reduction of HCO ~; The pH can be high or close to normal. The reason - an increase in the frequency of respiration and / or the respiratory volume (hyperventilation). Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic.

Lipidemia

Lipidemia - reduction of lipoproteins in the blood plasma, caused by primary (genetic) or secondary factors. Usually this condition is asymptomatic and is diagnosed accidentally, when screening lipid levels.

Dyslipidaemia

Dyslipidemia is an increase in plasma cholesterol and (or) a decrease in triglyceride or HDL levels, which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. The causes of dyslipidemia may be primary (genetically determined) or secondary. The diagnosis is established by measuring the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in the blood plasma.

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a primary increase in PCO2 with or without compensatory enhancement of HCO3 ~; The pH level is usually low, but may be close to normal. The reason is a decrease in the respiratory rate and / or respiratory volume (hypoventilation) due to abnormalities from the central nervous system, respiratory system or iatrogenic causes.

Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a metabolic complication of alcohol consumption and fasting, characterized by hyperketonemia and anionic disorders with metabolic acidosis without significant hyperglycemia. Alcoholic ketoacidosis causes nausea, vomiting, and pain in the abdomen.

Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycemia not associated with exogenous administration of insulin is an infrequent clinical syndrome characterized by low plasma glucose, symptomatic stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and dysfunction of the central nervous system.

Neketone hyperosmolar syndrome

Neketone hyperosmolar syndrome is a metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, pronounced dehydration, plasma hyperosmolarity, impaired consciousness. It is most often observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, often under conditions of physiological stress.

Hypermagnia

Hypermagnesium is a condition when magnesium is elevated more than 2.1 meq / l (> 1.05 mmol / l). The main cause is renal failure. Symptoms of hypermagnesium include hypotension, respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. Diagnosis is based on the determination of the serum magnesium level. Treatment includes intravenous administration of calcium glucanate and, possibly, furosemide; in severe cases, the use of hemodialysis can be effective.

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Secondary adrenal insufficiency is an adrenal hypofunction caused by a deficiency of ACTH. Symptoms are the same as the symptoms of Addison's disease.

Addison's disease

Addison's disease (primary or chronic adrenocortical insufficiency) is a progressively developing, usually progressive, insufficiency of the adrenal cortex.

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