Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Parkinson's disease: treatment

Parkinson's disease can be treated by replacing or replacing the deficiency of dopamine in the brain. At an early stage with the regular intake of dopamine receptor agonists or dopamine precursor levodopa (L-DOPA), virtually complete elimination of symptoms is possible.

Parkinson's disease: diagnosis

In the absence of an alternative diagnosis, the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is possible in the presence of at least three of its four main manifestations: tremor of tranquility, rigidity (increased muscle resistance in the entire volume of passive movement in this or that limb joint), often as a "cogwheel", bradykinesia and postural instability.

Parkinson's disease: symptoms

Typically, Parkinson's disease initially manifests as one-sided symptoms - either an episodically emerging resting tremor in one of the extremities (most often the arm), or slow motion. The tremor amplitude can be quite high, and the frequency is about 4-6 Hz. For the first time, shaking can be seen when the patient walks or holds a book or newspaper in his hand.

Parkinson's disease: causes and pathogenesis

The pathomorphological basis of Parkinson's disease is a decrease in the number of dopamine-producing neurons of a black substance and, to a lesser extent, a ventral tire. Before these neurons die, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, called Levi bodies, are formed in them.

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is an idiopathic, slowly progressing, degenerative CNS disease characterized by hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest and postural instability. The diagnosis is based on clinical data. Treatment - levodopa plus carbidopa, other drugs, in refractory cases - surgery.

Inflammatory myopathies

Inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of acquired muscle diseases characterized by their degeneration and inflammatory infiltration. The most frequent variants of inflammatory myopathy are dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), myositis with inclusions (MB). It is important to note that inflammatory myopathies can also be associated with parasitic invasions or viral infections, as well as with systemic diseases such as vasculitis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic polymyalgia

Myasthenic Lambert-Eaton syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myasthenic Lambert-Eaton syndrome is characterized by fatigue and muscle fatigue during exercise, which are most pronounced in the proximal part of the lower extremities and the trunk and are sometimes accompanied by myalgias. The involvement of the upper limbs and external muscles of the eyes in the myasthenic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton is observed less frequently than with myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an acquired autoimmune disease, manifested by weakness and pathological fatigue of skeletal muscles. Myasthenia gravis incidence is less than 1 case per 100 000 population per year, and the prevalence is from 10 to 15 cases per 100 000 population. Myasthenia gravis is especially common in young women and men over 50 years of age.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CVD) - symmetrical polyneuropathy or polyradiculoneuropathy, manifested by muscle weakness, decreased sensitivity and paresthesia.

Delirium: diagnosis

The diagnosis of delirium is based on the patient's examination data for a certain period of time, sufficient to detect changes in the level of consciousness and cognitive disorders. For a quick assessment of cognitive functions, a Short orientation-memory-concentration test (Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test of Cognitive Impairment) is applied directly to the patient's bedside.

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