Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Amphetamines: amphetamine addiction

Amphetamines increase dopaminergic activity, primarily due to stimulation of presynaptic release of dopamine, and not as a result of the blockade of its re-uptake, like cocaine. In some regions of the United States, methamphetamine is most often abused, injected intravenously or by inhalation. It causes a dependence that manifests itself in the same way as cocaine dependence.

Caffeine. Caffeine dependence

Caffeine, which has a mild psycho-stimulating effect, is a psychoactive substance that is most widely used in the world. It is present in soft drinks, coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate and a number of prescription or non-prescription medicines. Caffeine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and quickly distributed throughout the tissues

Hallucinogens

Distortions of perception, such as hallucinations or illusions, as well as thinking disorders (for example, paranoia) can be caused by many drugs if they are taken in toxic doses. Distortions of perception and hallucinations can also occur during the period of the withdrawal syndrome when you stop using sedatives (for example, alcohol or barbiturates).

Heroin: heroin addiction, symptoms, overdose and treatment

After intravenous injection of a solution of heroin, many sensations arise, for example, a sensation of spilling heat, euphoria, extraordinary pleasure ("rash", or "arrival"), which is compared to sexual orgasm. There are some differences between opioids in terms of the nature of their acute effect: morphine causes a more pronounced histamine-releasing effect, and meperidine is a stronger stimulus.

Cocaine, cocaine addiction: symptoms and treatment

Cocaine is often used in combination with other substances. Alcohol is another drug that cocaine users use to reduce the irritability experienced by taking high doses of cocaine. In some, in addition to cocaine addiction, alcohol dependence also develops. With the simultaneous intake of cocaine and alcohol can interact with each other.

Marijuana (hemp, plan, drape), marijuana addiction: symptoms and treatment

Hemp has long been grown both for the production of hemp twine, and for use as a medicinal and narcotic drug. The smoke produced during its combustion contains many different substances, among which 61 compounds related to cannabinoids have been identified.

Benzodiazepines: misuse of benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines belong to those medicines that are particularly widely used throughout the world. They are mainly used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia. Despite widespread use, targeted abuse of benzodiazepines is relatively rare. To date, there are conflicting data on the development of tolerance

Nicotine and nicotine addiction

Nicotine causes a complex effect for which it is spontaneously consumed by animals and humans. It is generally recognized that this is the most important addictive substance, since it is dependence on nicotine that leads to smoking, which, in turn, is the most frequent cause of death in the United States.

Addiction: diagnosis

The nature of the use of substances causes clinically significant disorders or discomfort, which is manifested by at least three of the symptoms listed below, present simultaneously for 12 months.

Addiction: symptoms

Dependence is a complex biopsychosocial problem, the specifics of which are poorly understood not only by the general public, but also by many public health workers. The main symptom of this disorder is behavior characterized by compulsive acquisition and consumption of psychoactive substances. The diagnosis of addiction (also called addiction) is set in accordance with the criteria of the American Psychiatric Association.

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