Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Lateral amyotrophic sclerosis is a responsible diagnosis, equivalent to a medical "verdict". This diagnosis is not always simple, because in recent years the range of diseases has significantly expanded, in the clinical manifestations of which there can be observed not a disease but a syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Symmetrical decrease in reflexes (areflexia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis

Symmetric lowering of reflexes from the legs, from the hands and lowering of the reflex from the masticatory muscles (the only clinically verified deep reflex of cranial localization) all require the same diagnostic approaches.

Violation of muscle tone

Muscle tone is defined as the residual muscle tension during their relaxation or as a resistance to passive movements with arbitrary muscle relaxation ("arbitrary denervation"). Muscle tone depends on factors such as the elasticity of the muscle tissue, the state of the neuromuscular synapse, peripheral nerve, alpha and gamma motoneurons, and interneurons of the spinal cord

Neurogenic muscle contractures: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The term "contracture" is applicable to all cases of persistent, fixed muscle shortening. At the same time EMG looks "silent" in contrast to the transient forms of muscle contraction (cramp, tetanus, tetany) accompanied by high-voltage high-frequency discharges on the EMG.

Lower spastic paraparesis (paraplegia): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Lower spastic paraparesis (paraplegia) develops with bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons (in the region of the paracentral lobules of the cerebral hemispheres) or in the lesion of the corticospinal tract (pyramidal) at the level of the subcortical areas, the brain stem or (more often) the spinal cord.

Muscle weakness proximal: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Most of the diseases discussed here lead to bilateral proximal weakness and symmetric atrophy (with the exception of proximal diabetic polyneuropathy, neuralgic amyotrophy and, in part, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) on the arms and legs.

Generalized (general) weakness

Complaints of general weakness can conceal such different syndromes as an asthenic condition for various reasons, pathological muscle fatigue and even true paretic syndromes.

Hemiparesis (hemiplegia)

Hemiparesis ("central") - paralysis of the muscles of one half of the body as a result of the injury of the corresponding upper motoneurons and their axons, that is, motor neurons in the anterior central gyrus or corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway usually above the level of the cervical thickening of the spinal cord.

Myotonic syndrome

The basis of the myotonic phenomenon is slow muscle relaxation after their active contraction. Especially provokes myotonic phenomenon of rapid movement, made with considerable effort. After it, the relaxation phase is delayed for 5-30 seconds.

Medications Used for Stroke

In patients without a developed cerebral infarction, to obtain a more rapid effect, heparin is administered with a bolus in a dose of 2500 to 5000 units. Partial thromboplastin time should be measured every 4 hours until the indicator stabilizes. In connection with the risk of intracranial hemorrhagic complications in patients with infarctions, infusion begins without an initial bolus.

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