Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is an idiopathic, slowly progressing, degenerative CNS disease characterized by hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest and postural instability. The diagnosis is based on clinical data. Treatment - levodopa plus carbidopa, other drugs, in refractory cases - surgery.

Inflammatory myopathies

Inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of acquired muscle diseases characterized by their degeneration and inflammatory infiltration. The most frequent variants of inflammatory myopathy are dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), myositis with inclusions (MB). It is important to note that inflammatory myopathies can also be associated with parasitic invasions or viral infections, as well as with systemic diseases such as vasculitis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic polymyalgia

Myasthenic Lambert-Eaton syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Myasthenic Lambert-Eaton syndrome is characterized by fatigue and muscle fatigue during exercise, which are most pronounced in the proximal part of the lower extremities and the trunk and are sometimes accompanied by myalgias. The involvement of the upper limbs and external muscles of the eyes in the myasthenic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton is observed less frequently than with myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an acquired autoimmune disease, manifested by weakness and pathological fatigue of skeletal muscles. Myasthenia gravis incidence is less than 1 case per 100 000 population per year, and the prevalence is from 10 to 15 cases per 100 000 population. Myasthenia gravis is especially common in young women and men over 50 years of age.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CVD) - symmetrical polyneuropathy or polyradiculoneuropathy, manifested by muscle weakness, decreased sensitivity and paresthesia.

Delirium: diagnosis

The diagnosis of delirium is based on the patient's examination data for a certain period of time, sufficient to detect changes in the level of consciousness and cognitive disorders. For a quick assessment of cognitive functions, a Short orientation-memory-concentration test (Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test of Cognitive Impairment) is applied directly to the patient's bedside.

Delirium: causes and pathogenesis

The elucidation of the etiology of delirium is based on the clinical interpretation of the data that was obtained. The main categories of disorders that need to be excluded include infections, metabolic and endocrine disorders, injuries, nutritional or exogenous effects, neoplasms, drug effects or substance abuse.

Delirium: an overview of information

In DSM-IV, delirium is defined as "a disorder of consciousness and a change in cognitive processes that develop over a short period of time" (American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV). Delirium is characterized by easy distraction of patients, violation of concentration of attention, memory disorder, disorientation, speech disturbance.

Dementia with Levy bodies

Dementia with Levi bodies is one of the most common forms of dementia. The disease is characterized by a progressive violation of memory, speech, praxis, thinking. Distinctive clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies are fluctuations in mental status, transient states of confusion, hallucinations (most often visual), increased sensitivity to neuroleptics.

Causes and symptoms of vascular dementia

Risk factors for stroke also serve as risk factors and vascular dementia. These include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, smoking, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, noise heard over the carotid artery, alcohol abuse, old age, male sex.

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